America WWII Part 3
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer headed the Manhattan Project and brought the project over to the Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico so that they could work in relative secrecy.
Enola Gay
Enola Gay was the name of the plane that flew the Little Boy bomb onto Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.
War Relocation Authority (WAR)
Following Executive Order 9066, the WAR was formed in order to assist with the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
Espionage
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, many Japanese on the West Coast of America were accused of this act, which was spying in enemy territory.
General John DeWitt
General DeWitt was one of the main voices towards Japanese hysteria following the attacks on Pearl Harbor, arguing that all Japanese Americans on the coast were guilty of espionage.
Henry Stimpson
Henry Stimpson served as the 54th Secretary of War under FDR's cabinet during World War II. As the Secretary of War, he emphasized on delivering justice but remaining respectable in his foreign policy, such as advising not to drop the atom bomb on Kyoto to establishing the Nuremberg Trials against German war criminals.
Korematsu vs. United States
Korematsu vs. United States questioned the US decision to intern Japanese American citizens against their will. The case was decided in 1944, where it was seen as constitutional because the threat of espionage outweighed constitutional rights.
'Little Boy' and 'Fat man'
Little Boy is the atomic bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan; while Fat Man is the atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki.
Executive Order 9066
Passed by FDR on February 19, 1942, Executive Order 9066 ordered that all Japanese on the West Coast and other military zones be relocated to internment camps farther from the coast, as to prevent espionage.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The Civilian Conservation Corps was part of the larger scheme of the New Deal, designed to give unemployed men opportunities to work via revitalization and rehabilitation projects concerning infrastructure and the environment.
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment
The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment was appointed in 1980 in order to investigate Executive Order 9066 and the implications along with the consequences the Japanese-Americans endured through.
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was the research carried out to develop the atomic bomb, beginning in the Manhattan Engineer District with Columbia University; eventually moving to University of Chicago and UC Berkeley.
National Defense Research Committee
The National Defense Research Committee was the initial research group created to supervise any research done towards nuclear weapons, including physicists, scientists, and members of the military.
Szilárd Petition
The Szilárd Petition was a letter to President Harry S. Truman by 68 atomic scientists advising Truman to not use the bomb on Japan, but rather to drop it on an uninhabited island to demonstrate the power of the nuclear bomb. However, the letter was received by Truman a day after Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima.
Nisei
The term Nisei refers to Japanese-Americans who were born in the United States, and have parents who were Issei, or parents who directly emigrated from Japan.
Issei
The term issei refers to Japanese-Americans who have immigrated to America from Japan.
Internment camps
There were 10 internment camps in the United States designed to hold Japanese-Americans, and they were located in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming.
War relocation centers
War relocation centers were transit camps for Japanese-Americans who were on their way to be interned at permanent internment camps. A notable example of one of these centers would be the Santa Anita race track in Arcadia.
