American Civics and Government - Workbooks

The Articles of Confederation were designed to provide the 13 colonies with __________.

- A system to work together in times of need, like war - A "league of friendship" among states

When fighting broke out between British and Colonial troops at __________, the members of the Second Continental Congress realized that they needed to take action.

- Lexington - Concord

Both the Mayflower Compact and the US Constitution __________.

- Provide for the general welfare of citizens - Are binding documents among citizens

What event showed the ruling classes that the peasants had the ability to wrest power from the nobility?

Peasants' Revolt

What was the problem with having the Bible available only in Latin?

People were illiterate, Not even most priests could read Latin, People could not understand Latin.

Who encouraged the people of Athens to write their own constitution that placed the power of the government in the hands of the people?

Pericles

__________ developed the idea that Italy should not attempt to replicate the Gothic ideas of Western Europe but rather should choose to emulate the greatest culture of human history: Rome.

Petrarch

Plato's aristocracy was based on the idea of rule by __________, selfless individuals who have no interest in monetary gain and rely on the producers to provide life's necessities.

Philosopher-kings

Which class rose to new power and established assemblies and tribunals to serve their needs?

Plebians

What was the first colony established by the Plymouth Company?

Popham Colony

Working for the Earl of Shaftsbury, John Locke wrote the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which established __________.

Religious freedom, a representative democracy

William Penn's government policy of __________ led to an atmosphere that promoted cultural and economic development in Pennsylvania.

Religious tolerance

The ideas of the __________ sparked new interest in science, philosophy, art, architecture, and literature.

Renaissance

Which historical era is most associated with the philosophy of humanism?

Renaissance

The ability for the government of Jamestown to make its own laws was fundamental in establishing one of the first __________ democracies.

Representative

Who believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of society?

Rousseau

What major idea about government was challenged by the Scientific Revolution?

Rule by divine right

Before becoming president, what office did James Madison hold in the American federal government?

Secretary of state

The upper house is sometimes referred to as a __________.

Senate

The Spartan system of government provides the United States with a model for __________.

Separation of powers between different branches

The Magna Carta helped to establish the idea of a __________ between the government and its citizens.

Social Contract

Liberty's Children are based on what group in American history?

Sons of Liberty

During the English Civil War, who revolted against the monarchy and its governing of England?

A group of marginalized Protestants

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu lays out a system for what type of government?

A three-branch government

After fending off French, Spanish, and Italian invasions, Switzerland settled into seven different __________, or states.

Cantons

What drove the imperial economy in both the graphic novel and in the American colonies?

Cash crops

Which of the following was a leader of the Carolingian Empire?

Charlemange, Charles Martel

Woven into the socioeconomic structure of feudalism was an ethical and moral code called __________.

Chivalry and bushido

In the Middle Ages, the worldwide community of Christians and the idea of government supporting Christian values was referred to as __________.

Christendom

The church's initiative to improve lives by selflessly providing necessities is part of the foundation of __________.

Civic virtue

The teachings of Confucius led to the creation of __________ that are still used today in China and have been adopted by many countries, including the United States.

Civil service exams

The cultural exchange between Islamic nations and Europeans helped bring Greek and Roman __________ learning back to Europe.

Classical

Throughout his career, Lord Coke studied English __________.

Common law

Cato the Elder began in local law courts and proceeded through to the high post of __________.

Consul

The break from the Roman Catholic Church led the Protestant churches to establish local governing bodies, or __________.

Councils

Cato the Elder was with the legion that supposedly killed __________.

Hannibal

What are some of the positive contributions of Oliver Cromwell to western government?

He led the fight to oust the government based solely on inheritance and aristocratic entitlement, He broke down many of the established barriers between the common people and government.

How did William Penn demonstrate civic engagement to Native Americans?

He paid Native Americans for their land. He ensured that Native Americans were treated fairly in court. He learned several Native American dialects.

What primary reason was given for Henry VIII officially splitting from the Roman Catholic Church?

Henry was not granted a divorce or an annulment from his wife

How did the Mayflower Compact influence later American government?

- The colonial council that it established resembled the city councils currently in place in the United States. - Like the US Constitution, it was a written agreement between individuals about how their government would work.

1) Shays's Rebellion 2) Virginia Plan 3) Constitutional Convention 4) New Jersey Plan

1) Showed the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation by exposing national government weaknesses 2) Favored larger states in the new federal government, laid out a two-house (bicameral) legislature, and created the executive and judicial branches 3) Later name for the Philadelphia Convention, which eventually became known for the final document its delegates produced 4) Called for representation in the legislature for all states to be equal rather than based on population and sought to provide Congress with expanded powers such as levying and collection taxes

The Mayflower Compact was the first document in the history of the colonies to form a government based on __________.

A binding social contract

A clan is a group of families or households in which the leaders __________.

Are descended from a common ancestor

In 1754, who proposed a government that would unite the colonies under the British Crown?

Benjamin Franklin

Voltaire's most famous work is __________.

Candide

Which documents were influenced by the Magna Carta?

Declaration of Independence, US Constitution

The first idea of political philosophy was the philosophy of __________.

Divine right

After publication of The Social Contract, Rousseau was ostracized to the point that he fled to __________.

England

In which historical era did the Scientific Revolution occur?

Enlightenment

What criteria were used to choose leaders in early human societies?

Exceptional hunting abilities

The Federal Council is the __________ branch of the Swiss government.

Executive

Machiavelli's rediscovery of the letters of Roman philosopher Cicero helped to initiate the Renaissance in Italy.

False

The English Crown angered the Scots by refusing to recognize the Presbyterian Church as a legitimate Protestant denomination.

False

The Philadelphia Convention was called in 1787 to decide how to end Shays's Rebellion.

False

Voltaire was against equality.

False

Switzerland's __________ and __________ provide an interesting example of participatory democracy.

Federal Assembly and Federal Council

James II was overthrown during the __________.

Glorious Revolution

James II was considered a tyrant because he ___________.

Instituted Catholic practices

The Articles of Confederation was exposed as an ineffective governing system because __________.

Invidicual states could ignore the United States government

How did the Protestant Reformation influence the evolution of government in the West?

It provided for early experiments in representative democracy

Both __________ and Europe operated for centuries under a socioeconomic system commonly referred to as feudalism.

Japan

King Henry VII of England sent __________ on a voyage to find a sea route to Asia.

John Cabot

__________ married his unique Protestant theology with the Scottish clan system to produce the early Presbyterian Church.

John Knox

Sparta's government had two elected __________ who kept one another in check.

Kings

Many Europeans reasoned that if the universe was something similar to a(n) __________ operating on its own, then perhaps human government is the same.

Large machine

What is the name of the first laws written in Rome?

Law of the Twelve Tables

On what model did some of the American colonies base their local governments?

Local church governance

Parliament wanted to elect Cromwell king, but when he refused he was named __________.

Lord Protector

In The Prince, __________ focuses on the possibility of a new kind of prince rather than the ones provided by heredity.

Machiavelli

The Mayflower Compact established a colonial government based on allegiance to the monarch and a __________ form of government.

Majoritarian

Confucius's praise of civil service in Chinese life was embraced by __________ and his communist partisans.

Mao Zedong

John Smith saved the Jamestown colony by instituting a(n) __________.

Military dictatorship

Under a __________, rulers who mistreat the masses are replaced through open rebellion.

Mobocracy

Clergymen founded __________ to foster a different lifestyle, one dedicated to scriptural study and prayer.

Monasteries

Both the Albany Plan and the Articles of Confederation had statements that allowed for the regulation of trade with __________.

Native Americans

What ideas were brought forth by John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government?

Natural rights, social contract

What is the name for a government ruled by a small group whose leaders are wealthy property owners; they often use their power to serve their own purposes and gain more wealth while their corruption leads to increased poverty for other citizens?

Oligarchy, others

What events displayed the immense power of the church? (Select all that apply.)

The Crusades proved the Roman Catholic Church had the power to unite European nations in a common goal, and, With the creation of the tribunal known as the Inquisition, heretics and scientists were tried for contradicting the teachings of the church.

Who became the head of the newly created Church of England?

The King

Which publication did Montesquieu use as a satirical depiction of the lives of the citizens of Paris?

The Persian Letters

Who applied local governance of their churches without the input of the Crown?

The Pilgrims and Puritans

In Massachusetts, the Puritan work ethic laid the foundation for __________ that helped the United States succeed.

The early ideas of entrepreneurial spirit

Humanism caused a major shift in society, moving it to focus primarily on __________.

The individual person

In his "95 Theses," what did Martin Luther criticize about the Roman Catholic Church?

The selling of indulgences, unethical money lending, clerics holding multiple offices

What prompted King James I to issue a second charter to give colonists more rights to land and government?

The success of the Jamestown Colony

The openness of government in Jamestown had to do with the accessibility individuals had to __________.

Their church council

Who served in the House of Burgesses?

Thomas Jefferson

The committee appointed by the Continental Congress to write the Declaration of Independence included __________.

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman.

Plato believed that a __________ would arise out of an aristocracy if individuals who had been selected to serve were not of the best quality.

Timocracy

Why did colonist leaders hold a conference in Albany, New York in 1754?

To determine how to defend the British colonies in North America

Adam Smith believed that a nation's wealth was derived from the acquisition of gold and land.

True

Knights and samurai often fought for nobles and managed workers in servitude in hopes of obtaining land of their own.

True

Louis, Dauphin of France, invaded England on behalf of the English nobility.

True

Originally, the Reformed Church had no regional or national governance.

True

The English Bill of Rights gave Parliament authority over the king.

True

The printing press helped people understand their religion.

True

To bring about order, the leader in a __________ form of government must commit unlawful acts, including murder.

Tyranny

The Declaration states. "A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a __________, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people."

Tyrant

The Albany Plan was the first step in determining how to establish a government that would __________ the colonies.

Unite