American Gov. & Politics - all units

Unit 5

American Government and Politics Name _______________________ Unit 5 State Government Graphic Organizer Date ______ Hour ______________ Legislative Branch- makes laws for Wisconsin, passes budget, meets in Madison, bicameral, similar to federal government 33 state senators 4 year terms, unlimited terms Oshkosh is in the 18th Senate district Dan Feyen (R) represents the 18th Senate District $50,950 salary plus a stipend for days spent in Madison 99 State Representatives 2 year terms, unlimited terms 18th Senate District is divided into the 52nd, 53rd and 54th Assembly districts Gordon Hintz (D) represents the 54th District (Oshkosh) $50,000 salary, plus stipend Executive Branch- Enforces laws in Wisconsin Governor *Tony Evers (D) (2018-2022) *4 year term, unlimited terms, elected statewide Lieutenant Governor *Mandela Barnes (D) (2018-2022) *Steps in if the governor can no longer serve term Attorney General *Joshua Kaul State Superintendent of Public Schools *Jill Underly State Treasurer *Sarah Godlewski Secretary of State *Douglas LaFollette Judicial Branch- interprets laws in Wisconsin Qualifications: Licensed to practice law in Wisconsin for 5 years immediately prior to the election and a qualified elector* of the state at time of election. Supreme *Justices *Elected to a 10 year term *Can serve an unlimited number of terms *Chief Justice is Annette Ziegler Appeals *3 judge panel *Elected to a 6 year term, unlimited terms *No new testimony *Checks to see of proper procedures were followed Circuit *69 circuit courts in Wisconsin *Criminal and civil proceedings *6 year terms, unlimited terms **Winnebago County is one of the 69, with 6 branches Municipal *misdemeanors only *200 municipal courts in Wisconsin

Unit 2

American Government and Politics Name ________________________ Unit 2 Political Ideology Interest Groups Ch. 9 Sect. 2 Hour _______ Date Due _________ Interest Groups and What They Do What is a special interest group? Is an association of people who hold similar views or goals. What are its goals? Represent those views and goals and try to influence public policy and the public agenda to achieve them. Describe the roles that interest groups play in our representative democratic political system. organizing interest- Individual citizens can initiate, influence, or change public policy or the public agenda in several ways. encouraging participation- People who feel strongly about an issue often want to do more than just vote for candidates who share their views. supplying information- Greater resources, such as more money, have allowed many interest groups to engage in new kinds of activities, such as lobbying campaigns or creating interactive Web sites to present their views and build a positive image for the group. What is a political action committee (PAC)? Is an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates. Types of Interest Groups List the different types of interest groups and describe them. Agricultural Groups Business Groups Labor Groups Cause-Based Groups Societal Groups Professional Groups Functions of Special Interest Groups How do groups endorse candidates? One way groups influence public policy and legislation is to help elect candidates who support their views. What is lobbying? Contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group's interests. How do special interest groups inform public opinion? Interest groups often provide someone to testify—whether at a city council meeting, a state agency, or congressional hearing—to express and explain the group's interests. What is the benefit of filing lawsuits for special interest groups? Another way interest groups influence public policy is through the legal system. Interest Groups and the Public Good List 2 benefits of interest groups. An important benefit of interest groups is that they give minority interests a voice in the political process. Other political minorities, such as neighborhood associations or hunters, may form their own interest groups. List 2 criticisms of interest groups. Some critics believe that interest groups have too much influence. Interest groups are also criticized for focusing on one narrow issue and ignoring broader social needs and policies. How did Congress try to limit the influence of interest groups in 2007? Why? In the wake of a number of highly publicized lobbying scandals, Congress passed ethics and lobbying reform legislation. These new rules tightened House and Senate ethics rules for legislators and limited some types of activities by lobbyists. American Government and Politics Name __________________________ Unit 2 Political Ideology Campaign Finance Discussion Questions Hour ________ Date Due __________ Directions: After reading the article, Where the money is: A campaign spending primer, answer the following questions. What does the FEC stand for? Federal Election Commission What does the FEC do? An independent regulatory agency created by Congress with the mandate to "administer and enforce the statute that governs the financing of federal elections," according to its website. How much money can an individual donate to a federal candidate? $2,500 per election How much money can an individual donate to a national political party? $30,800 per election Since corporations cannot donate to presidential candidates or congressional candidates, how can they make donations? Corporations can, however, make donations through political action committees. What is the difference between soft money and hard money? "Hard money" refers to tightly regulated contributions to candidates. "Soft money" refers to the unregulated. &8. Define PAC. Where do PACs get their money? Political Action Committees: are separate private entities set up by business, labor, individuals or other special-interest groups to raise and spend money to directly help elect federal and state candidates. (In the question above) How is a Super PAC different from a PAC? Super PAC have better opinions such as "freedom of speech" footing. What type of people usually fund a "527" group? 527s are certain tax-exempt groups operating in part as political organizations. Named after a section of the U.S. tax code, they are largely funded by rich individuals, labor unions and advocacy groups. What must presidential candidates agree to if they accept public funding? Whether to do public or private donations. American Government and Politics Name ________________________ Unit 2- Political Ideology Chapter 9 Section 3 Political Parties Hour ________ Date ___________ Instructions: Read your book Chapter 9 Section 3 (260-265), to answer/define the following. Terms political party- organization that tries to elect its members to public office so that its views can become public policy. political ideology- when a party unites beliefs and goals into policy; separates parties. political spectrum- difference in political views held by the different political parties. electorate- body of people entitled to vote. Party Systems One-party system- a single political party controls the government; other parties may or may not be allowed to operate, but they usually have no power. Two-party system- two major parties compete to control the government other parties may exist and may affect elections, but rarely have enough support to elect a national leader. Multi-party system- several parties, no party with consistent majority. third party- any political party in a 2 party system that is not one of the main parties. independent candidate- not associated with any party. Party Organization Precinct- smallest unit for administering elections and local voting. Ward- voting district made up of several precincts. Benefits of Political Parties (list 2) Filter out extreme or unconventional ideas Try to include a broad base of support Criticisms of Political Parties (list 2) Lack unity, discipline, loyalty; can't fulfil campaign promises. Influenced by interest groups; office seekeepers self-interested, partisan bickering. Electoral College Map website? (I did not get this one) What is the website to check on voting information? My vote Wisconsin Chapter 12 Section 1 (page 356) Matching ___D___ Campaign manager ___E___ Scheduler ___C___ Pollster ___B___ Issue advisors ___F___ Finance chair ___H___ Media coordinator ___G___ Volunteer coordinator ___I___ Treasurer ___A___ Press secretary __J____ Volunteers Monitors media coverage and writes campaign press releases Advises the candidate on important issues Creates and conducts polls for the campaign Oversees all aspects of the campaign and campaign staff Manages the candidates time Creates and carries out the fund-raising plan Oversees campaign volunteers Gets the candidate's message out to the voters Handles the money that the campaign raises and reports the money spent Assist with fund-raising, polling, and other campaign-related areas Define focus group- is a small gathering of people whose response to something is studied and used to predict the response of a larger population. Define swing states- States where support for each candidate is about equal. Define stump speech- A standard speech that they give during the campaign. Define negative campaigning- Attacking the opponent during a campaign. From the four sound bites on page 362, which one do you think was most effective? Why? "Read my lip: no new taxes." I find this the most effective because it says something that the president is trying to achieve within the slogan. Next page please!! Chapter 12 Section 3 (page 380) What are two major factors that influence the likelihood of voting? -Voting rates -Impact of voting What circumstances during an election year do you think result in a higher voter turnout? Socioeconomic factors would influence a higher voter turnout. What is reapportionment? Is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions, such as states or parties, entitled to representation. How is redistricting tied to reapportionment? Reapportionment needs redistricting because it is the process of drawing new boundaries for legislative districts. American Government and Politics Name __________________________ Unit 2 Political Ideology Electoral College WS Hour ________ Date Due___________ Answer the following questions after reading the article on the Electoral College by CNN. Who actually elects the President of the United States? An electoral college that has been given authority by the United States Constitution. Why did the framers of the constitution choose the Electoral College to select the president instead of a direct popular vote? Some of the Constitution's authors did not trust the ability of the common voter to make the "right" decision. How many total electoral votes are there? 538 members to vote. How are the votes divided up? Electoral votes are allocated among the States based on the Census. Every State is allocated a number of votes equal to the number of senators and representatives in its U.S. Congressional delegation—two votes for its senators in the U.S. Senate plus a number of votes equal to the number of its Congressional districts. Which state has the most electoral votes? California (55) What is the fewest amount of electoral votes a state can have? 2 What is the magic number of electoral votes needed to win the election? 270 votes What happens if no candidate reaches the amount needed to win the election? The election is thrown into the House of Representatives to be decided. How are presidential electors selected? The Constitution does not specify procedures for nominating candidates for presidential electors. Thirty-six states nominate their elector candidates by state party convention, and ten of the states nominate their electors by state party committee. Generally, elector candidates tend to be prominent state and local officeholders, party activists and other citizens associated with the party for which they are nominated. Explain the "winner take all" system used in the Electoral College? Voters in each state choose electors by casting a vote for the presidential candidate of their choice. The slate winning the most popular votes is the winner. Can a candidate win the popular vote and lose the election? Explain. Yes, because if the candidate had more states vote for them though the other candidate got more votes due to get more votes from bigger states. How many times has a candidate won the popular vote and lost the election? Four occasions. When is the general election? On the Tuesday following the first Monday of November, in years divisible by four. When do the state electors cast their ballot for president? On the Monday following the second Wednesday of December, by federal law. List some arguments for the Electoral College. -The electoral system is a unifying force that requires candidates to gather support from different regions of the nation to win the presidency. -The electoral system is democratic, since it gives states with larger populations more voting power. -The electoral system works to prevent victories by smaller, lesser-known political parties, and works to prevent elections from being thrown into the House of Representatives. List some arguments against the Electoral College. -The "winner take all" system means that a candidate can win the election by gathering the majority of electoral votes while losing the popular vote. -There is nothing in the Constitution that requires the electors to be faithful to their party's candidate, so electors are not bound to the candidate for which the majority of citizens in their state voted. -The electoral system gives the largest states more political power. American Government and Politics Name_________________________________ Unit 2 Political Ideology Liberals and Conservatives Hour __________ Date ______________ Liberals and Conservatives What does it all mean? Liberals 1.Open minded 2.Let people decide what is right and wrong 3.Believe in a bigger government to help humans 4.Democrats 5.Left side of the political spectrum Conservatives 1.Traditional, close minded 2.Think there should be a moral base and that will tell you what is right and wrong 3.Republicans 4.Right side of the political spectrum Democrats 1.Federal government should be more directly involved in providing housing, income, education and jobs for the poor. 2.Spend more on social programs 3.Tax the rich at a higher rate 4.Higher general taxes 5.Government should take a bigger role in solving our country problems Republicans 1.Poor people will have a better chance of finding work and meeting their needs on their own if the economy is doing well. 2.Spend less on social programs 3.Spend more on military 4.Lower out general taxes 5.Offer tax cuts to business 6.People should take a larger role in solving Who typically supports a Democrat? 1.Manual laborers 2.Voters under 30 years old 3.Labor union members 4.Least educated workers 5.Catholics 6.Minorities and women 7.Teachers Who typically supports a Republican? 1.College educated voters 2.Voters over 50 years old 3.Professionals 4.Business owners 5.Protestants Political Spectrum ______Liberals____________ are on the left _____Conservatives_____________ are on the right Liberals = ______Democrats____________ Conservatives = ________Republicans_____________ ______Donkey___________ = Democrat ________Elephant_________ = Republican Most Americans fall between conservative to moderate. Moderates are in the middle. Political parties are most concerned with getting those people in the middle to move to their side of the spectrum. Government and Politics Name___________________________ Political Ideology Political Viewpoints/Issues Hour _______ Date Due ___________ The following are issues in the world that affect all of us. Read each one and explain how you feel about each. Be as detailed as possible. At least one sentence for each. Should the government regulate TV and the internet? No, because what is on the internet is on the internet and this could mean real news could be getting covered up. Are you Pro-choice/Pro-life? How do you feel about abortion? I think anyone can get an abortion since it's their body. Should the US have a progressive tax system or flat tax system? I'm not 100% sure what that is, but I think taxes should be lowered or done differently. Should flag burning be a crime? No, because a flag isn't the only thing that represents America, and is just a flag. Should the US allow capital punishment/death penalty? Yes, because a horrible crime deserves a horrible punishment. Should juveniles who commit serious crimes be tried as adults? No, because they are just kids. Should gay marriage be allowed? (The Supreme Court has ruled this as legal.) Yes, because it hurts no one. Should Wisconsin legalize marijuana? No, because it isn't typically good for your health if not used medically. Should English be the official USA language? No, because we are very diverse in our country. Should American citizens have the right to own a gun? Should there be any limits about ownership/gun control? Yes, because it is for self defense, and even if guns are illegal they will still exist and be a problem. Immigration to the US, how should this be changed? It shouldn't be allowed since we are well over populated in my opinion. Should individuals have the right to euthanasia/right to die? Yes, because it is their body, and if they feel it is right then they should be able to have that done. Should we drill for oil in Alaska/pipeline projects? I don't know much about this topic, but Alaska is part of the United States, so yes? Should the US be involved in fighting terrorism overseas? War in Iraq/Afghanistan/ISIS? I don't think terrorism is really going to be solved with us getting involved so no? Should we modify welfare programs/Medicare/Medicaid/WIC/Quest Card? We should not modify these programs, but just leave them as they are. Education, is there a need for reform? Yes, because I think there are many things in education that should be removed, and things that should be added to required learning. Public healthcare/mandatory health insurance/"Obamacare"/Affordable Care Act? Yes, since I think people who are less fortunate should get these benefits. Penalties for criminals, should current laws be loosened or tightened? Tightened only for those who are 100% at fault for the crime with no question. Should we clone humans or clone organs? Yes, since it would be very helpful towards science and health research. Should the government track the cell phone, email, internet use of citizens? Patriot Act No, because that is private information that the government shouldn't have. Balanced Budget, should this be a law? Yes, so the people can actually have a life without needing to feel at risk if they're going to make next month's payments. Should the government mandate masks or a vaccine to reduce the spread of coronavirus? Yes, so we can get through this pandemic sooner and safer. American Government and Politics Name ________________________ Unit 2 Political Ideology Public Opinion Ch. 9 Sect. 1 Hour _______ Date _____________ Terms- define Public Opinion- a body of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern Public Policy- choices the government makes and the actions it takes Political Socialization- the process by which people acquire political beliefs Propaganda- statements meant to influence public opinion or promote a cause or viewpoint Bias- errors introduced by polling methods that lead to one outcome over the others Factors of Public Opinion Family- most direct influence on individuals School- peer groups and where we formally learn about government Work- influences from your work peer groups Age Race Gender Religion Examples of Mass Media Magazines 2. Television News 3. Internet News Penny Press: inexpensive newspapers covered issues of interest to working class people Yellow Journalism: sensationalism, scandals from 1895-1898 Criticism of Media Bias reporting Bias in Story Selection Factual inaccuracy (non-traditional sources) i.e. blogs Media Consolidation- most media is owned by about two dozen companies Polling Accuracy 1.How the people are chosen 2.How the questions are asked 3.Number of people answering the questions 4.Absence of bias What is a sampling error? A sampling error is a statistical error that occurs when an analyst does not select a sample that represents the entire population of data. What is an exit poll? used on election day, after people have voted Government and Politics Name ______________________________ Unit 2- Political Ideology Study Guide Hour ________ Date of Test ___________ Book Chapters: 9 and 12, all sections Absentee ballot: which is a ballot submitted on or before election day by a voter who cannot be present on decision. Campaign finance/hard money/soft money: CF- raising and spending of money intended to influence a political vote. HM- money that is donated to an individual campaign. SM- money that is given to a political party rather than to a specific candidate. Campaign manager: coordinates a political campaigner's operations such as fundraising, advertisement, polling, and getting out the vote. Campaign strategy: is usually things being done to help the campaign such as budgeting, tactics, goals/achievements, and target audience. Caucus vs. Primary: Caucus- a meeting of party members who select the candidates to run for election. Primary- are a direct, statewide process of selecting candidates and delegates. What does Wisconsin have? Primary or Caucus? When-month? Primary. Month- February 16th Conservative vs. Liberal: Liberals 1.Open minded 2.Let people decide what is right and wrong 3.Believe in a bigger government to help humans 4.Democrats 5.Left side of the political spectrum Conservatives 1.Traditional, close minded 2.Think there should be a moral base and that will tell you what is right and wrong 3.Republicans 4.Right side of the political spectrum Democratic beliefs (in general) Democrats 1.Federal government should be more directly involved in providing housing, income, education and jobs for the poor. 2.Spend more on social programs 3.Tax the rich at a higher rate 4.Higher general taxes 5.Government should take a bigger role in solving our country problems Republican beliefs (in general) Republicans 1.Poor people will have a better chance of finding work and meeting their needs on their own if the economy is doing well. 2.Spend less on social programs 3.Spend more on military 4.Lower out general taxes 5.Offer tax cuts to business 6.People should take a larger role in solving Electoral College- what is it? & How does it work? When citizens cast their ballots for president in the popular vote, they elect a slate of electors. Electors then cast the votes that decide who becomes president of the United States. Usually, electoral votes align with the popular vote in an election. Total votes? 583 members to vote # of votes needed to win? 270 votes What is the formula for figuring out Electoral College votes for each state? 100 Senate seats + 435 House of Representative seats + 3 Washington, D.C. = 538 total electors Swing states/toss up states: states that flip every year or so, between having more democratic votes or republican votes. Exit poll: a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted. Used on election day, after people have voted. Focus group: a small gathering of people whose response to something is used to predict the response of a larger population. Gerrymandering/reapportionment: the drawing of district boundaries for political advantage. The redistribution of seats in the House of Representatives among the states based on the results of the census. Lobbying and interest groups: contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group's interests. A group of people that seeks to influence public policy on the basis of a particular common interest or concern. Mass media/propaganda: influence public opinion (magazines, television news, internet news). One party: a single political party controls the government; other parties may or may not be allowed to operate, but they usually have no power. Two party: two major parties compete to control the government; other parties may exist and may affect elections, but rarely have enough support to elect a national leader. Multiparty: several parties, no party with consistent majority. Negative campaigning: attacking an opponent during a political campaign. Party Symbols for the... Dems? Donkeys Reps? Elephants Path to presidency (order of events) Declaration of Candidacy Primaries & Caucuses (by state) National Conventions Presidential Campaigns Election Day Electors Cast Ballots Inauguration Day Political Action Committees (PAC)/Super PAC: (PAC) an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates. Political ideology: when a party unities beliefs and goals into policy; separates parties. Political parties: organization that tries to elect its members to public office so that its views can become public policy. Political socialization: the process by which people acquire political beliefs. Political Spectrum: difference in political views held by the different political parties. Poll Tax?: a tax levied on someone who wants to vote. Polling accuracy/sampling errors: A sampling error is a statistical error that occurs when an analyst does not select a sample that represents the entire population of data. Popular vote vs. electoral vote: Popular vote: the vote cast in the electoral college of the U.S. by the representatives of each state in a presidential election. Electoral vote: the vote cast in the electoral college of the U.S. by the representatives of each state in a presidential election. Propaganda: statements meant to influence public opinion or promote a cause or viewpoint. Public good: a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization. Public opinion: a body of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern. Public policy: choices the government makes and the actions it takes. Sampling error: a poll's margin of error, or uncertainty level. Sound bite: a short extract from a recorded interview, chosen for its pungency or appropriateness. Stump speech: a speech repeatedly delivered by a politician during their campaign for election or reelection to public office. Party platform: is a formal set of principle goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate, in order to appeal to the general public, for the ultimate purpose of garnering the general public's support and votes about complicated topics or issues. Third parties/Independents: any political party in a 2 party system that is not one of the main parties. Not associated with any party. What type of people usually vote for Republicans? 1.College educated voters 2.Voters over 50 years old 3.Professionals 4.Business owners 5.Protestants What type of people usually vote for Democrats? 1.Manual laborers 2.Voters under 30 years old 3.Labor union members 4.Least educated workers 5.Catholics 6.Minorities and women 7.Teachers Who can vote? -Are a U.S. citizen -Meet your state's residency requirements -Are 18 years old on or before Election Day Why don't people vote? -Many Americans want to vote but can't. -Citizens are less likely to vote if they don't think their ballot matters. -Voters who don't feel candidates represent their views might choose to opt-out. Write in candidates- a person who applies for a job or is nominated for election. -Biden -Trump -Hilary -Sanders Presidential election date- What is the formula used to figure this out: In November, on a Tuesday after the first Monday of that month. Presidential inauguration date- (month please, as the actual date changes): Occurs every four years on January 20th or 21 if the 20th lands on a Sunday. What are the general beliefs (party platform) for Republicans? long list see notes: -Supports banning abortion. (Pro-Life) -Supports military action and a tough approach to international affairs. (pro-military) - Supports the death penalty for people who murder others. (capital punishment) -Government is the cause of most of this country's problems. (smaller government) -Supports making flag burning illegal. (ban flag burning) -Supports the idea of a non-denominational prayer at a high school graduation. (ok to pray) -Supports lowering income taxes, sales taxes. -Supports banning music with explicit lyrics (censorship). -Supports making English the official language and forcing immigrants to learn English. -Supports eliminating a lot of government jobs (smaller government). -Supports the idea that people and businesses can solve problems better than the government. -Supports stricter enforcement of drug laws. -Supports a balanced budget amendment. -Supports tougher penalties for criminals -Supports reforming the prison system so prisoners don't have as many benefits. -Supports trying juveniles who commit violent crimes in adult court. -Supports restricting government benefits to illegal aliens and sometimes legal immigrants. -Supports the notion that if businesses got a tax cut then businesses would be able to hire more workers. - Supports spending more money on prisons and law enforcement. What are the general beliefs (party platform) for Democrats? long list see notes - Supports raising taxes to help more people in need. (raising taxes) - Supports welfare benefits for people even if it requires taxes, because it gets people back on their feet, which is what the government is for. (pro-welfare) -Supports homosexuals serving in the military. (gay rights) -We need to add more government programs to deal with the homeless problem. (welfare) -Supports the idea that rich people in the US should be taxed at a higher rate than the poor people. (progressive tax) -Supports a doctor helping an ill patient commit suicide so that the patient no longer has to suffer. (euthanasia) -Supports legalizing the use of marijuana. -Supports handing out condoms in all middle and high school in the US to promote safe sex. - Supports statewide/nationwide mask mandates to try and stop the transmission of coronavirus. -Supports a ban on automatic and semi-automatic guns, and a 5-day waiting period for those who want to buy guns. (gun control) -Supports the idea that human organs and tissues should be cloned. -Supports the government requiring businesses to increase the minimum wage that they pay their workers. -Supports a government provided public health care program. -Supports government funding of the arts. -Supports a longer school day and year, more academic rigor. -Supports the government paying for and providing healthcare for everyone -Supports the idea that abortions should be allowed. - Supports strong laws that would protect the environment. -Supports spending more money on education

Unit 4

American Government and Politics Name ___________________________ 3 Branches Executive Branch Hour _______ Date Due ____________ Page 164-168 President Vice President Qualifications 1. be at least 35 years old 2.have lived in the country for 14 years 3.be a natural born citizen 1.be at least 35 years old 2.have lived in the country for 14 years 3.be a natural born citizen Length of Term Four years Four years How many terms? Two Two Salary $400,000 a year $237,700 a year Benefits 1.Travel allowances 2.Staff including Secret Service officers for protection 3.Tax deduction for two residencies 4.Health and retirement benefits Official Roles of the President (163) Role Duties 1.Chief executive Another title for the president, who holds the executive's power to run government programs and implement laws that are passed by Congress. 2.Chief administrator manager, Of the fifteen executive departments and the numerous federal agencies that help carry out government policy. 3.Commander in Chief Another title for the president, who serves as commander of the nation's military forces. 4.Foregin policy leader A nation's plans and procedures for dealing with other countries. 5. Chief agenda setter The Constitution specifies that the president will set the government's agenda, or outline of things to do, during an annual State of the Union address. Unofficial Roles of the President (163) Role Duties 1.Chief of State Another title for the president, takes on the role of the symbolic figurehead of the United States; also known as the head of state. 2.Party leader The president takes the lead in shaping and then promoting the party platform—the important issues for which the party stands. 3.Chief citizen The primary representatives of the nation. Presidential Succession- (166) (define) Is the process of succeeding, or coming after, someone. Order of Presidential Succession Title of Position 1.Vice President 2.Speaker of the House 3.President Pro Tempore of the Senate 4.Secretary of State 5.Secretary of the Treasury 6.Secretary of Defense 7.Attorney General 8.Secretary of the Interior 9.Secretary of Agriculture 10.Secretary of Commerce 11.Secretary of Labor 12.Secretary of Health and Human Services 13.Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 14.Secretary of Transportation 15.Secretary of Energy 16.Secretary of Education 17.Secretary of Veteran Affairs 18.Secretary of Homeland Security What are some of the common features (2) of our president's background? (167) -Most presidents have been well-educated white men from middle- to upper-class families -All presidents to this point have had a religious background in some Christian denomination What are some personal qualities (2) that a president should have? (167-168) -be persuasive -and inspiring American Government and Politics Name _______________________ Unit 4- Three Branches Judicial Branch Hour _______ Date ____________ US Court System *The United States has a DUAL court system- state and federal *Most criminal cases are tried in state courts *Most civil cases are tried in state courts Federal Jurisdiction 1 US Constitution & Bill of Rights 2 Federal law violation 3 Admiralty or Maritime law violation 4 Disputes with Federal Government 5 Disputes between States 6 Disputes w/citizens of different states 7 Disputes with foreign governments 8 Disputes with ambassadors or consuls US Supreme Court 1 The highest court in the land 2 Hears only cases that pose significant legal/constitutional questions or any issue of public concern 3 judicial review- power to check on state and federal laws to determine constitutionality 4 unconstitutional- against the constitution US Supreme Court Justices 1 8 Associate Justices and 1 Chief Justice= 9 total 2 Term is for life 3 Appointed by the current president; the Senate approves or denies 4 There are no qualifications for justices US Supreme Court Justices Annual Salary of Chief $260,700 Associate Salary $249,300 NAME OF JUSTICE YEAR APPOINTED BIRTH YEAR 1 John Roberts* 2005 1955 2 Samuel Alito 2006 1950 3 Stephen Breyer 1994 1938 4 Sonja Sotomayor 2009 1954 5 Brett Kavanaugh 2018 1965 6 Neil Gorsuch 2017 1967 7 Amy Coney Barrett 2020 1972 8 Clarence Thomas 1991 1948 9 Elena Kagan 2010 1960 Majority Opinion Is a judicial opinion that is joined by more than half the judges deciding a case. Dissenting Opinion Is the separate judicial opinion of an appellate judge who disagreed with the majority's decision explaining the disagreement. Concurring Opinion Is the separate judicial opinion of an appellate judge who voted with the majority. Federal Court Hierarchy State Court Hierarchy US Court System 1 All federal judges are chosen by the president and approved by the senate. 2 All state judges are elected by the people of the state. 3 US District Courts have at least 2 judges, depending on population. 4 Cases in courts of appeal are only heard if an appeal is written. There is no testimony in appellate courts. 3 judges hear each case and decide. Supreme Court Landmark Decisions Engle v. Vitale- Engle v. Vitale (1962): Case Description: A parent sued the school board claiming that prayer at the beginning of the day was unconstitutional. New York state law required students to say the pledge and a nondenominational prayer at the beginning of each school day. Students could opt out. Supreme Court Outcome (8-1): Court ruled that school prayer was unconstitutional. Students may pray, but cannot be led by the school. Roe v. Wade- Roe v. Wade (1973): Case Description: Jane Roe wanted to have an abortion in Texas. Texas law outlawed abortion. She could not afford to travel out of state to have an abortion. She sued the state of Texas claiming they violated her right to an abortion, claiming 1st, 4th, 5th, 9th, 14th amendments. Supreme Court Outcome (6-3): The Supreme Court ruled that abortions are legal in the first trimester only. Abortions in the second trimester are legal if the mother's health is at risk. This is now law in the US, not just Texas. Miranda v. Arizona- Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Case Description: Miranda was arrested for kidnapping and rape. Miranda was identified in a line up. Interrogated for 2 hours, confessed. Officers never told him he could have an attorney. Convicted, sentenced to 20-30 years. Appeal based on violation of 5th amendment, self incrimination. Supreme Court Outcome (5-4): Miranda's confession was unlawfully obtained. The Supreme Court declared that all people being arrested must be read their rights. *Miranda was retried and convicted without the confession. Plessy v. Ferguson- Plessy v. Ferguson(1896): H. Plessy, (mixed race/looked white/black under state law), purchased a first class train ticket, sat in a white only car. Conductor called the police, and Plessy went to jail. Louisiana law required separate railroad cars. Plessy was convicted, $25, 20 days jail. Plessy appealed, arguing the law violated 13 and 14 amendments. Supreme Court Outcome (7-1): to affirm lower court conviction. Court said 13th had nothing to do with this case, did not violate 14th either. Train rule did not restrict black people, just had to use separate accommodations. Brown v. Board of Education- Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Case Description: Linda Brown's father sued the school district so that his daughter could attend the school nearest to their home. Linda was denied access to the nearest school because of her race. Supreme Court Outcome (9-0): The Supreme Court declared that segregated schools were unconstitutional. Schools must be desegregated with "all deliberate speed." Effectively reversed, Plessy v. Ferguson. Resistance to this change was strong for years. American Government and Politics Name_______________________________ Unit 4- Three Branches Judicial Branch Hour ________ Date Due ______________ JUDICIAL BRANCH Use your American Government textbook to answer the following questions, Chapter 8 (220-225). The Constitution created a dual court system. What are the two parts of the court system? district courts b. circuit courts Define jurisdiction: appellate jurisdiction the authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts. Who leads the Federal Judicial Branch? The Supreme Court of the United States. How many members are there on the United States Supreme Court? 9 members of the Supreme Court How are federal judges selected to be a part of the federal court system? Step1: nominated by the President Step 2: and confirmed by the United States Senate What are the qualifications to become a federal court judge or Supreme Court justice? The Constitution does not specify qualifications for Justices such as age, education, profession, or native-born citizenship. How long is a federal judge's term? The term is Life long. What is the salary for a Supreme Court justice? $249,300 - $260,700 What is the primary judicial branch check on the legislative and executive branches? The Supreme Court has the power to rule on whether laws or executive actions violate the Constitution. American Government and Politics Name __________________________ 3 Branches Legislative Branch Basics Hour ________ Date Due__________ Fill in the following chart, use your textbook and in class notes. CONGRESS (bicameral) House of Representative book pages (137-142) Senate book pages (143-147) How many people total? How many per state? 435 people Wisconsin: 8 535 people 2 per state How is the size determined? For every thirty thousand people there can be a member. Every state has 2. Length of Term? 2 years 6 years Term limit? no no If so, how many? n/a n/a Constitutional Qualifications 1.at least 25 years old 2.a U.S. citizen for at least seven years 3.a resident of the state he or she represents 1.at least 30 years old - five years older than house of representatives 2.a U.S. citizen for at least nine years - as compared to seven for House members 3.a resident of the state he or she represents Leader's Title (name of position) Speaker of the House Senate Majority Leader Who is the current person in this position? (search it) Robin Vos Devin LeMahieu Salary of Members of Congress House members: $174,000 Speaker of the house: $223,500 Majority and minority leaders: $193,400 Senators: $174,000 President Pro Tempore: $188,100 Majority and Minority Leaders: $193,400 Wisconsin's Own (see notes in assignment instructions) Bryan Steil (R) Mark Pocan (D) Ron Kind (D) Scott Fitgerald (R) Glenn Grothman (R) Tom Tiffany (R) 7.Mike Gallagher (R) 8. Gwen Moore (D) Senior Senator: Ron Johnson Party: Republican Junior Senator: Tammy Baldwin Party: Democrat Benefits and Privileges (138 or 144) *same for both the House and Senate 1.Tax deduction for two residences 2.Travel allowances 3.Staff 4.Health and retirement benefits 5.Franking privileges: free mail to constituents 6.Free printing 7.Use of gym, restaurants, and other amenities in the Capital 8.Legal immunity for statements made while Congress is in session Define reapportionment- the redistribution of seats in the House of Representatives among the states based on the results of the census. Define gerrymandering- the drawing of district boundaries for political advantage. Define filibuster- the tactic used when opponents of a measure seek to prevent it coming up for a vote in the Senate by refusing to stop talking in hopes of stalling action long enough that the rest of the Senate will be forced to move on to other business. Define seniority rule- the tradition in the Senate in which the chair of a committee is given to the most senior majority Senator on a committee. Expressed Powers of Congress (129-131 bottom of the pages) 1.To levy taxes 2.To borrow money 3.To regulate foregin and interstate commerce 4.To establish uniform rules of citizenship 5.To coin money; to set uniform weights and measures 6.To punish counterfeiters 7.To establish post offices and post roads 8.To make copyright and patent laws 9.To establish national courts inferior to the Supreme Court 10.To define and punish piracy and other violations of international law 11.To declare war 12.To raise and support armies 13.To raise and maintain a navy 14.To establish military laws 15.To call up a national militia in times 16.To organize, arm, and discipline a militia when it is called into service 17.To exercise jurisdiction over the district of columbia 18.To make all laws necessary and proper to the execution of the other expressed powers American Government and Politics Name _______________________ 3 Branches Leadership in Congress Hour ______ Date _____________ Part A: The following list includes important positions of leadership in Congress. Match the positions with the descriptions of the tasks the job involves by writing the letter of the term beside the appropriate description. Each letter is only used once. Vice President Senate Majority Leader House Minority Leader Assistant Majority Leader Senate Minority Whip House Majority Whip Senate Minority Leader House Majority Leader House Minority Whip President Pro Tempore Speaker of the House Chairman of House Ways & Means Committee Chairman of House Appropriations (Spending) Committee Chairman of Senate Commerce Committee Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman of House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman of House Judiciary Committee Chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee __K__ 1. I have the most powerful position in the lower house. I assign bills to committees and appoint, select, and conference committee members. __A__ 2. I serve as president of the Senate. Although I cannot participate in debates, I can vote in case of a tie. __J__ 3. I preside over the Senate in the absence of the vice-president. The caucus of the majority party chose me for this post. __M__ 4. The seniority system allowed me to become chairman of this House committee which has power over all federal spending. __L__ 5. I am chairman of this House committee which has power over taxation. __N__ 6. My seniority in the upper house has given me the chairmanship of this committee which specializes in transportation, communication and interstate commerce. __F__ 7. As majority party leader in the lower house, I exert pressure on party members to vote with the party. I am responsible for getting my party's program enacted into law. __B__ 8. I have the role of leadership in the upper house responsible for passage of the majority party's programs. I inform and pressure party members to vote for programs. I also determine the order in which bills are to be debated. __C__ 9. I am the leader of the minority party in the lower house responsible for informing party members and organizing resistance to programs submitted by the majority. __G__ 10. I am the leader of the smaller party in the upper house responsible for resisting programs submitted by the majority. __D__ 11. I aid the majority leader in keeping party members informed and supportive of programs in the upper house. __E__ 12. I am the minority party leader in the upper house who informs members when important bills are scheduled for a vote. My usual goal is to oppose majority bills. __H__ 13. I have control of the dominant party in the lower house, and I am responsible for enactment of our party's program. __I__ 14. I am the party leader in the lower house who informs members and assists the minority leader in resisting some of the majority party's programs. __O__ 15. The seniority system allowed me to become chairman of the powerful committee in the upper house which handles matters relating to other nations. __P__ 16. I am chairman of the less powerful committee in the lower house which handles matters with other countries. __Q__ 17. I am chairman of this powerful committee in the lower house which deals with impeachment charges. __R__ 18. I am chairman of the upper house committee which supervises expenditures of the department of government with the largest budget. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Part B: Below each of the following, write the name of the committee to which each issue would most likely be assigned. Committee names are found on the front of this paper, letters L- R. Please write out the names of the committee names, not just the letters. If I wanted to construct a new transcontinental railroad, what Senate committee would most likely handle my request for congressional aid? Senate Commerce Committee I represent a group of businessmen who have sent me to present our view before this House committee in hopes of securing funds for a new bridge across the Cuyahoga River. House Appropriations (Spending) Committee A group concerned with the effects of smoking seeks to convince this House committee to add a tax on cigarettes; the group believes such a tax would reduce smoking and would increase funds for research. House Ways & Means Committee This Senate committee is working closely with the president to raise defense spending in proportion to increases in the cost of living. Senate Armed Services Committee The president would have to work closely with this committee to approve any treaty in the Middle East. Senate Foreign Relations Committee American Government and Politics Name _______________________ 3 Branches Legislative Terms Hour ________ Date __________ Directions: Read Chapter 5 Section 4, in your textbook (pages 149-155). Define the terms and answer the questions. 1. Bill: proposed laws. 2. Where must tax and appropriations bills begin? must begin in the House. 3. What is the difference between private and public bills? A private bill affects only a particular person, family, or a small group. A common example is a bill granting permanent residency to an illegal immigrant. A public bill is one affecting all of society. Most bills are public bills. 4. Rider: an addition to a bill that often has little relationship to the bill's main topic; the goal of a rider may be to add an unpopular provision to a bill that is likely to be passed so that the addition may "ride" along with the bill that is passed, or a rider may be designed to kill a bill by attaching an unpopular provision to that bill. 5. poison pill: In some cases, however, riders are added in hopes of killing a bill. Such a rider, called a "poison pill," makes the bill too unpopular to pass. 6. joint resolution: is much like a bill—it follows the same procedures as a bill, and it has the force of law if it is passed by both houses of Congress and is signed by the president. 7. concurrent resolution: which both houses of Congress address matters that affect the operations of both chambers or express an opinion. 8. What happens when a bill is referred? Bills are assigned to a committee by a process known as referral. 9. What happens at committee and subcommittee hearings? Committees or subcommittees often hold hearings to seek input from interested parties on the bills they are considering. 10. discharge petition: forcing the bill out of committee. 11. Committee of the Whole: all House members become members of a single committee. 12. quorum: the minimum number of members needed to legally conduct business. 13. roll call vote: a vote in which each member of Congress is required to publicly state his or her vote; also called a record vote. 14. conference committee: a joint committee formed from both houses to resolve differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill. 15. pocket veto: a means by which the president can reject a bill, when Congress is not in session, by not signing it. American Government and Politics Name __________________ Unit 4 Three Branches Study Guide Hour _____ Date _________ Legislative Branch What are the 2 houses of Congress? Lower House: House of Representatives Upper House: Senate How many members? ________435 people_______ _________535 people__________ What are the three qualifications? 1.at least 25 years old 2.a U.S. citizen for at least seven years 3.a resident of the state he or she represents 1.at least 30 years old - five years older than house of representatives 2.a U.S. citizen for at least nine years - as compared to seven for House members 3.a resident of the state he or she represents How long is the term of office? 2 year term 6 year term What is the title of the top position in the house? Speaker of the House The Majority Leader Who currently holds this position? Nancy Pelosi Mitch McConnel What is the process for a bill to become a law? (see handouts and steps, especially cut and paste) Group 1: 1. A proposed law (bill) is researched and drafted by constituents, Congress or the President. 2. A member of Congress must support the bill. 3. The bill is dropped into the hopper in the House. The bill is formally introduced into the Senate by hanging paperwork to the clerk. Group 2: 1. The bill is assigned to a subcommittee for study, hearings, revisions and approval. 2. Bill returns to the full committee for hearing and revision. 3. The bill is referred to a standing committee. 4. Bill goes to the rules committee, sets conditions for debate and amendments. 5. The subcommittee reports to the full committee. Group 3: 1. Floor vote for the adoption of the rules from the rules committee. (House only) 2. Bill is voted on by the full chamber and sent to the other chamber. 3. If needed, a conference committee negotiates a compromise version of House and Senate bills. 4. Floor debate takes place and amendments are offered and voted on. 5. The House and Senate vote on the final version of the bill. Group 4: 1. A bill passed by both houses of Congress is submitted to the President for signature. 2. The bill is signed or vetoed by the president. 3. The vetoed bill is scheduled for a vote to override in both houses. OR The passed bill becomes law. How is committee membership in the House and Senate determined? The number of members on a committee, and the ratio of majority/minority members is determined by the Majority party with consultation with the minority. Name both of Wisconsin's US Senators.Ron Johnson , Tammy Baldwin Name the 6th District Representative in Wisconsin for the US House of Representatives. Tom Tiffany Executive Branch What are the 3 qualifications to be President and Vice President of the United States? 1. be at least 35 years old 2. have lived in the country for 14 years 3. be a natural born citizen How long is the term for President? 4 years If the President should die while in office, who would take over? List the first five in the order of succession: 1. Vice President 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro Tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State 5. Secretary of the Treasury How many terms can one person serve? Two terms Who is our current President and Vice President? Joe Biden, Kamala Harris Judicial Branch What are the qualifications for the justices on the US Supreme Court? The Constitution does not specify qualifications for Justices such as age, education, profession, or native-born citizenship. How many justices are there in total? Who is the chief justice? 9 members Chief: John G. Roberts, Jr. How long is the term for a justice on the Supreme Court? Life Long term How does one become a justice? Step 1: nominated by the President Step 2: and confirmed by the United States Senate What are the 3 levels of Federal Court? 1. US Supreme Court 2. US Court of Appeals 3. US District Courts Vocabulary to define: Appropriations Bill: an appropriations bill is legislation to appropriate federal funds to specific federal government departments, agencies and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment and activities. Bicameral: having two branches or chambers. Cabinet: the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy. Bill: proposed laws. Filibuster: a filibuster is a tactic employed by opponents of a proposed law to prevent the measure's final passage. Rider: an addition to a bill that often has little relationship to the bill's main topic; the goal of a rider may be to add an unpopular provision to a bill that is likely to be passed so that the addition may "ride" along with the bill that is passed, or a rider may be designed to kill a bill by attaching an unpopular provision to that bill. Judicial Review: is a process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. Poison Pill: In some cases, however, riders are added in hopes of killing a bill. Such a rider, called a "poison pill," makes the bill too unpopular to pass. Unconstitutional: goes against the constitution. Override: And Congress has the power to override or nullify the Presidential veto if they have a two-thirds vote. Speaker of the House: The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. President Pro Tempore: is the designated legal recipient of various reports to the Senate, including War Powers Act reports under which they, jointly with the speaker, may require the president to call Congress back into session. Standing Committee: standing committees consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration by their respective chambers. Jurisdiction: the authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. Veto: a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. Chief Justice: is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary.

Unit 3

American Government and Politics Name _____________________________ Unit 3- The Constitution Amending the Constitution Hour _______ Date Due _____________ Use your textbook, Chapter 3 Section 2 (78-83), to answer the following questions. Why did Thomas Jefferson want to have a plan on changing the Constitution? Since every generation is different and should have a revised Constitution to fit the new generation. Identify and explain the two different ways in which a constitutional amendment may be proposed. 1. By Congress, with the approval of at least two-thirds of the House and two-thirds of the Senate. 2. By delegates at a national convention that is called by Congress at the request of at least two-thirds of the state legislatures Identify and explain the two different ways in which a constitutional amendment may be ratified. 1. The proposed amendment is voted on by state legislatures. Legislatures in at least three-fourths of the states must approve an amendment before it is added to the Constitution. In 1978 the Supreme Court ruled that a state legislature may call for an advisory vote by citizens before it votes on the amendment. 2. Citizens elect delegates to conventions called in each state specifically to consider the amendment. Passage by this method requires approval by conventions in at at least three-fourths of the states. How many amendments are there to the Constitution? 27 Which amendment do you think is the most important? 13th (Abolish Slavery) Why do you think this amendment is the most important? I find this amendment the most important because this prevents people from being able to own other people just because they're thought of as less human and than others, and should have the right to freedom. The first ten amendments are called the Bill of Rights. Explain the story behind the first 10 Amendments. How did the amendments get added to the constitution? There was a lack of protection for specific individual rights. So the bill of rights was made to state 10 main freedoms that were to be used to protect the people in the United States. American Government and Politics Name ________________________ Constitution Bill of Rights Notes *Schools are special! Hour ______ Date ______________ Topic Notes Bill of Rights Background - 1787 - Constitution written -A number of states wouldn't ratify the Constitution unless a list of rights were added -1789 - Ratification -1791 - Rights added (1st 10 Amendments) 1st Amendment Analysis RAPPS R- religion -Americans may practice any religion or no religion at all. -Government shall not interfere or influence. -Government may interfere if the rights of others are taken away/ harmed. -Forbids Congress from establishing an official national religion or from favoring one religion in any way. This is known as Separation of Church and State. A- assembly -Priceless right to hold meetings. -We may meet to discuss problems and plan actions. -Must be peaceful. P- petition -The right to ask the government to do something or stop something. -A petition is a formal request. We may contact our representatives and give them a piece of our mind. P- press -Freedom to express ideas in writing. Closely related to Freedom of Speech -May not write falsehoods (libel) (Means printed/written lies) -Courts have decided that freedom of press applies to electronic media (TV, Radio, Internet) as well. S- speech -The right to express ideas and opinions. -The right to listen to ideas and opinions of others. -The intent was to allow us to criticize government and the actions of government officials. 2nd Amendment The right to bear arms. -There are those who argue that each state today has a national guard. -That individuals weren't guaranteed the right to bear arms. -Many want gun control -Some argue that they should have the right to protect themselves. -Mass shootings -Workplace violence -School shootings Pro Gun: Wants guns Pro Gun Control: Wants to ban guns 3rd Amendment No quartering of soldiers. -During Peacetime, no member of any military force shall ever be put up in any private home without the owner's permission. During times of War is officially declared, no member of any military force shall ever be put up in any private home without Congress first stating in writing the terms for such arrangements. -No quartering of soldiers. 4th Amendment Unreasonable searches and seizures. -No unreasonable searches or seizures -Sometimes called the "search warrant" amendment -This protects our "private domain" -"Probable cause" Police have reason that a person should be arrested when the person is in custody the police may then search and seize any evidence that will help with the case obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the 4th amendment; probable cause and a search warrant are required for this to be legal -Must include description of the person(s), place(s), or things(s) to be searched and/or seized 5th Amendment Accused of a Crime. -The 5th Amendment contains several provisions which protect the rights of a person accused of a crime. -Person(s) must be formally accused of a crime (indicted) by a grand jury - a group that hears evidence in a criminal case and decides whether there is enough evidence to bring the accused person to trial. -Self-Incrimination - We do not have to testify against ourselves. "Pleading the 5th" makes you look guilty though. -Double Jeopardy - a person cannot be tried a second time for the same crime. -Due Process-No person may be denied life, liberty or property without due process of law. This means that a person can be punished for a crime only after receiving a fair trial. -Eminent Domain - government may take property if it proves it necessary in court. Due Process Steps Probable Cause Warrant -Miranda Warning- right to remain silent, lawyer/free lawyer, anything you say can be held against you, end questioning Booking- fingerprint, mug shot Initial Appearance- judge, bail Bail Indictment- formal charges Arraignment- pleas made Jury Selection Trial Sentencing 6th Amendment Speedy and Public trial. -This Amendment is one of the most frequently violated amendments in today's society. -Speedy and Public Trial -we have the right to demand that a trial be held publicly -Why would we want this? -As defendants we have the right to demand that a trial be held quickly. -Why would we want this? -Impartial Jury -an unbiased jury from the State and District in which the crime was committed. -Informed of the nature of the charges against them -What are the charges? -Why am I being charged? -Who is charging me? -What's going to happen to me next? -We also have the right to have assistance of counsel (lawyer)in making our defense. -Confront the witnesses against them and call witnesses in your defense 7th Amendment The right by trial, by jury. -Civil case -More than $20 -Right to jury trial -Most use small claims court -The 7th also says that if a jury of my peers makes a decision over my individual rights than their decision stands. It may not be tried at a higher level just because some may not have liked the decision of this lower court. 8th Amendment No excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. -No excessive bail, no unreasonable fines. -Bail is money that the accused gives to the government in order to stay out of jail so that an effective defense can be created. -Fines are penalties that are imposed on the guilty party after the trial is concluded. Bail is dependent on many factors -how much money you have.... -the crime.... -criminal background of accused.... -flight risk.... 9th Amendment Any Rights that aren't in the Constitution, are held by the people. -One of the two most important amendments -Basically, any Rights that were not specifically mentioned and/or written into the Constitution/Bill of Rights were still considered to be held by the people. 10th Amendment Any powers that aren't in the Constitution, are held by the people. -Basically, any Powers that were not specifically mentioned and/or written into the Constitution/Bill of Rights were still considered to be held by the people/states. American Government and Politics Name ______________________________ Unit 3- The Constitution Chapter 3 Section 1 Hour _________ Date Due ____________ Use your textbook, Chapter 3 Section 1 (68-77), to answer the following questions. What are the six goals of the Constitution? List the purpose as well. Goals of the Constitution Purpose 1.Form a more perfect union Strengthen the relationship among the states as part of a union and between the states and the national government as part of a new federal system. 2.Establish justice Provide laws that are reasonable, fair, and imperial and make sure that the administration of those laws is also reasonable, fair, and impartial. 3.Ensure domestic tranquility Keep peace and maintain order within the country. 4.Provide for the common defense Defend the nation against foreign enemies. 5.Promote the general welfare Allow all states and citizens to benefit militarily and economically from the protection of a strong national government. 6.Secure the blessings of liberty Protect the liberties recently won in the American Revolution and preserve them for the generations to come. List the basic principles of the Constitution and a brief definition of each. Principle of the Constitution Definition 1.Popular Sovereignty The people establish a government and are the source of its power. 2. Limited Government Government powers are restricted to protect individual rights. 3. Separation of Powers The power to govern is divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent the concentration and abuse of power by any one branch. 4. Judicial Review The judiciary has the power to strike down laws and other government actions as invaild under the Constitution. 5. Federalism The rights of the states are protected by dividing powers between the national government and the state governments. 6. Checks and Balances Each branch of government has the authority to check, or restrain, some powers of the other two branches. American Government and Politics Name __________________ Unit 3-Constitution Checks and Balances Hour _____ Date _________ Introduction: As you know, our founding fathers created a system of checks and balances in the Constitution to prevent the abuse of power. Use your textbook, pages 72-74, or your handout to find a power held by another branch of government that could check the action listed. In the space provided, indicate what check/power could be used to stop the action and what branch can exercise the check. Some may have more than one check. Congress passes a law forbidding the practice of Islam in the United States. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Veto Law Rule the law unconstitutional A Supreme Court Justice, appointed to office for life, accepts a bribe to influence the decision in an abortion case before the court. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Impeach judge President Trump appoints a new Secretary of State who is a personal friend but is not well qualified to hold that office. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Reject presidential appointment President Trump decides the time is right to deal with North Korea's growing nuclear program and declares war on North Korea. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Only congress can declare war Congress passes a law to increase federal aid to education and appropriates money to implement this law but President Trump believes the law will be too costly. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: President can veto law President Trump has authorized his aides to gather information about people he thinks may be criminals. The aides hire others to "bug" these people's telephones and report on their activities. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Head of chief armed forces Congress passes a bill, the president signs the bill into law that guarantees equality in employment, but employers think it means one thing and employees think it means something else. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Rule of law (unconstitutional) President Obama extends NAFTA to all of the Western Hemisphere. Many believe American jobs will be lost due to this treaty. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Override veto ⅔ When a member of the Supreme Court dies, a new justice must be named to the court. President Trump appoints Hilary Clinton, upsetting the Republicans. Circle the Branch: Executive Legislative Judicial Check or Power the Branch Performs: Declare acts of the President unconstitutional American Government and Politics Name ___________________________ Unit 3 Constitution Parts of the Constitution Hour _______ Date Due ____________ Use your textbook, reference section, R18-39, to fill in the definition. Fill in the yellow areas. Section Subject Definition/ Outline of Contents Preamble Introduction Explains the goals of the Constitution Article I Legislative Branch Outline of Contents (10 sections in red) Congress, The House of Representatives, The Senate, Congressional Elections, Rules and Procedures, Payment, How a Bill Becomes a Law, Powers Granted to Congress, Powers Denied Congress, Powers Denied the States. Article II The Executive Branch Outline of Contents The Presidency, Presidential Powers, Presidential Duties, Impeachment. Article III The Judicial Branch Outline of Contents Federal Courts and Judges, Authority of the Courts, Treason. Article IV Relations among States Outline of Contents State Acts and Records, Rights of Citizens, New States, Guarantees to the States. Article V Amending the Constitution Definition- "on the Application of two thirds of the Legislatures of the several States, [Congress] shall call a Convention for proposing amendments." Article VI Supremacy of National Government Definition- It prohibits states from interfering with the federal government's exercise of its constitutional powers, and from assuming any functions that are exclusively entrusted to the federal government. Article VII Ratification Definition- The Constitution shall become the official law of the ratifying states when nine states ratified the document. Use your textbook to answer the following questions, Chapter 3 and 4 or the glossary. What is the supremacy clause? A clause of the U.S. Constitution that declares the Constitution "the supreme law of the land." What is an executive agreement? The U.S. president makes with foreign leaders or foreign governments. Expressed powers are also known as inherent powers. American Government and Politics Name ___________________________ Constitution Six Principles of U.S. Constitution Hour _______ Date ________________ Question Answer Term/Principle Example Who gives the U.S. government its power? The PEOPLE! Popular Sovereignty You or your parents voting for the major, states reps, governor, national reps, or president. The people rule through representatives. US Senator Ron Johnson US Rep. Glenn Grothman. What sets the guidelines and rules for what the national government can and cannot do? The U.S. Constitution Limited Government The government can only do those things the people have given it the power to do. They are limited. Which government has more power, the state or national? State and federal governments share power + = Federalism Taxes States can tax; gasoline, income, sales and property tax. National government can also tax; income, imports, etc. What are the branches of the U.S. government and what is the purpose of the different branches? Executive - enforce laws Legislative - make laws Judicial - interpret laws Separation of Powers Legislative branch drafts bills, the executive branch carries out the laws (police) and the Judicial branch applies/ explains the law. How do the different branches of the U.S. government limit the power of each branch? One branch has power over the other branches. Checks and Balances The president can veto a law. The Senate can reject a presidential appointment. The court can rule a law unconstitutional Who has the power to determine whether laws or actions of the government follow the Constitution? Power of the Court to determine the constitutionality of a government action. Judicial Branch The Court has found 150 cases in which Congress has been unconstitutional. The Court has also struck down 1100 state laws. This power was established in Marbury v. Madison in 1803. American Government and Politics Name ___________________________ Unit 3 Constitution The Story of the Constitution: Conflict and Compromise Hour ______ Date Due ____________ Directions: Read the article on the Constitution and answer the following questions. The questions do go in order with the reading. Describe 3-4 problems faced by the new Americans after 1783. *Farmers are taking up arms against the government in a desperate attempt to save their families from bankruptcy and hunger. *Foreign troops are poised on our borders. *Your family must trade homegrown vegetables for supplies because store owners fear your money isn't worth the paper it's printed on. *What's more, our government seems virtually paralyzed and is mocked by state leaders. Why couldn't the new government do anything to solve the problems? The government wasn't strong enough to face those problems. What was the "original" purpose of calling for a meeting in Philadelphia in 1787? The purpose was to consider revising the Articles of Confederation. Describe the "Virginia Plan" for the new government. Be specific. The proposal called for a new Congress made up of a two-house legislature. The lower house would be elected directly by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. Randolph and Madison believed that the states would be represented in Congress in proportion to their populations. What group of people did not like the Virginia Plan? The Virginia Plan enraged delegates from smaller states. Describe the "New Jersey Plan" offered by William Paterson. Main ideas. The one-house Congress with states equally represented would be left intact. Citizens would elect a national executive made up of several men, and the national government would be given the power to tax. Describe the "Great Compromise" suggested by Roger Sherman. Main points. That in the upper house, the Senate, the states be equally represented. Seats in the lower house would be distributed proportionally, according to population. What kind of an executive branch was favored by seven states? For a single executive branch. The Judicial Branch of government was created to be independent. And although not written in the Constitution, the concept of judicial review gives the Court what power? But the power of judicial review-the power of the Supreme Court to strike down acts of Congress and the President-was not spelled out in the Constitution. OVER for more questions. Who were the "Federalists?" What did they support? Grew to support a strong national government, an expansive interpretation of congressional powers under the Constitution through the elastic clause, and a more mercantile economy. -wanted a stronger government Who were the "Anti-Federalists?" What did they support? The anti-Federalists and their opposition to ratifying the Constitution were a powerful force in the origin of the Bill of Rights to protect Amercians' civil liberties. The anti-Federalists were chiefly concerned with too much power invested in the national government at the expense of states. -wanted a weaker central government What was added to the Constitution to satisfy the Anti-Federalists? The bill of rights. Why has the Constitution been called a "living document?" The Constitution is known as a "living" document because it can be amended. Government and Politics Name ______________________________ Unit 3- Constitution Study Guide Hour ________ Date of Test ___________ Term/Topic Definition/Explanation Explain what each section of the Constitution is about. Preamble Article I: Legislative Branch- Congress, The House of Representatives, The Senate, Congressional Elections, Rules and Procedures, Payment, How a Bill Becomes a Law, Powers Granted to Congress, Powers Denied Congress, Powers Denied the States. Article II: The Executive Branch- The Presidency, Presidential Powers, Presidential Duties, Impeachment. Article III: The Judicial Branch- Federal Courts and Judges, Authority of the Courts, Treason. Article IV: Relations Among States- State Acts and Records, Rights of Citizens, New States, Guarantees to the States. Article V: Constitution- "on the Application of two thirds of the Legislatures of the several States, [Congress] shall call a Convention for proposing amendments." Article VI: Supremacy of National Government- It prohibits states from interfering with the federal government's exercise of its constitutional powers, and from assuming any functions that are exclusively entrusted to the federal government. Article VII: Ratification- The Constitution shall become the official law of the ratifying states when nine states ratified the document. popular sovereignty The people establish a government and are the source of its power. Federalism The rights of the states are protected by dividing powers between the national government and the state governments. Constitutional supremacy the system of government in which the law-making freedom of parliamentary supremacy cedes to the requirements of a Constitution. limited government (rule of law) Government powers are restricted to protect individual rights. separation of powers The power to govern is divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent the concentration and abuse of power by any one branch. Define checks and balances, give examples Each branch of government has the authority to check, or restrain, some powers of the other two branches. What is judicial review? The judiciary has the power to strike down laws and other government actions as invaild under the Constitution. Who has the power of judicial review? Supreme court- under the Judicial Branch. Unconstitutional Not in accordance with a political constitution, especially the US Constitution, or with procedural rules. What is veto/override veto? Veto is when the Executive branch is able to prevent an attachment to the law. Override Veto is when the Legislative branch can vote on overriding the President's veto on a law they wanted to add, and can still have it passed. Who can veto/override veto? The president can veto. The Congress can override veto. What are the goals of the Constitution? (6) 1.Form a more perfect union 2.Establish justice 3.Ensure domestic tranquility 4.Provide for the common defense 5.Promote the general welfare 6.Secure the blessings of liberty Define enumerated powers and give examples Enumerated powers are powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, including the powers listed in Article I, Section 8, for example, to coin money and regulate its value and impose taxes. ... Can place regulations on food, drugs, highways, air, and water. Define concurrent powers and give examples Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government. These powers may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. These concurrent powers include regulating elections, taxing, borrowing money and establishing courts. Define reserved powers and give examples any powers not specifically given, or "enumerated," to the federal government, are within the authority of the individual states. Reserved Powers Examples: Every day, Nate stands in front of the local Post Office, panhandling and sometimes picking pockets of the many busy people coming and going. Virginia Plan details The proposal called for a new Congress made up of a two-house legislature. The lower house would be elected directly by the people, and the upper house would be elected by the lower house. Randolph and Madison believed that the states would be represented in Congress in proportion to their populations. New Jersey Plan details The one-house Congress with states equally represented would be left intact. Citizens would elect a national executive made up of several men, and the national government would be given the power to tax. Great Compromise details That in the upper house, the Senate, the states be equally represented. Seats in the lower house would be distributed proportionally, according to population. Amendment Process Describe the 4 methods or paths to create an amendment. Propose 1.By Congress, with the approval of at least two-thirds of the House and two-thirds of the Senate. 2. By delegates at a national convention that is called by Congress at the request of at least two-thirds of the state legislatures Ratify 3.The proposed amendment is voted on by state legislatures. Legislatures in at least three-fourths of the states must approve an amendment before it is added to the Constitution. In 1978 the Supreme Court ruled that a state legislature may call for an advisory vote by citizens before it votes on the amendment. 4.Citizens elect delegates to conventions called in each state specifically to consider the amendment. Passage by this method requires approval by conventions in at at least three-fourths of the states. Methods P1, R1 P1, R2 P2, R2 P2, R1 Who were the Federalists? Grew to support a strong national government, an expansive interpretation of congressional powers under the Constitution through the elastic clause, and a more mercantile economy. -wanted a stronger government Who were the Anti Federalists? The anti-Federalists and their opposition to ratifying the Constitution were a powerful force in the origin of the Bill of Rights to protect Amercians' civil liberties. The anti-Federalists were chiefly concerned with too much power invested in the national government at the expense of states. -wanted a weaker central government What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? Why were they added to the constitution? The bill of rights were added to guarantee essential rights and civil liberties. Define/describe 1st Amendment- 5 parts R.A.P.P.S -Religion -Assembly -Petition -Press -Speech 2nd The right to bear arms. 3rd No quartering of soldiers. 4th Unreasonable searches and seizures. 5th Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy. 6th Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial. 7th The right of trial, by jury. 8th No excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 9th Any Rights that aren't in the Constitution, are held by the people. 10th Any powers that aren't in the Constitution, are held by the people. What are the steps in due process? (10) 1.Probable Cause 2.Warrant -Miranda Warning- right to remain silent, lawyer/free lawyer, anything you say can be held against you, end questioning 3.Booking- fingerprint, mug shot 4.Initial Appearance- judge, bail 5.Bail 6.Indictment- formal charges 7.Arraignment- pleas made 8.Jury Selection 9.Trial 10.Sentencing Why is the Constitution considered to be a living document? Because the document is able to be amended.

Unit 1

Government and Politics Name ________________________ Unit 1- Political Philosophy Study Guide Date of Test ___________________ Terms and Topics to Know: civic virtue- what is it and be able to give examples Where both citizens and their representatives worked hard, loved their country and put the community above their own selfish interests. -Donate -Volunteer -Vote -etc. republican government A power of government that is held by the people. Liberty- what is it? Freedom from control, interference, obligation, restriction, hampering conditions, etc.; power or right of doing, thinking, speaking, etc., according to choice. government The formal structures and institutions through which a territory and its people are ruled. state A political unit made up by a group of people that lives within a clearly defined territory. power Political or national power. policy A declaration of government political activities, plans and intentions relating to a particular cause. sovereignty Supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community. politics Any decision made by the government in pursuit of a particular goal. Natural rights- what are your natural rights according to John Locke? -Liberty -Property -Life Constitution- what is the purpose Sets out the basis for relations between the Commonwealth and the states. common welfare v. individual rights Common welfare is what is best for everyone as a whole vs. individual rights What are the three branches of the government? 1. Legislative 2. Executive 3. Judicial Divine Right Theory States are founded by God or the gods, and the ruler possesses a "divine right" to rule. Evolutionary Theory States form gradually over time, growing from family. Force Theory States form when an individual or group uses force to make enough people submit to a central authority. Social Contract Theory States form when people reach a "contract" to surrender some power to a common authority in return for security. What are the purposes of government? To establish laws, maintain order and provide security, protect citizens from external threats. characteristics of democracy -Individual Liberty -Equality -Majority Rule with Minority Rights -Free Election -Competing Political Parties What are responsibilities (must do)of US citizens Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws. What are rights (can do) of US citizens -Liberty -Poverty -Life Rights listed in the Declaration of Independence Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Where does political authority (sovereignty) come from in the US? The will of the people. What was John Locke's political philosophy on the purpose of government? The theory of the divine right of kings and argued that all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that rulers who fail to protect those rights may be removed by the people, by force if necessary. What was Baron de Montesquieu's political philosophy on the purpose of government? Argued that it could best be prevented by a system in which different bodies exercised legislative, executive, and judicial power, and in which all those bodies were bound by the rule of law. Classic Forms of Government, list all 8 and define 1. Dictatorship: Single dictator or a small group holds absolute authority and makes all decisions Violence and force used to maintain rule 2. Republic/Representative Democracy Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Indirect form of democracy; citizens elect representatives to make government decisions on their behalf Representatives elected for set terms 3. Totalitarian Regimes: Dictator holds ultimate authority Government tightly controls all aspects of life- political, social and economic No formal or informal limits on government 4. Monarchy: Ruled by a monarch, usually a king or a queen, who belongs to a royal family Power is inherited Absolute monarchs have unlimited power 5. Direct Democracy: Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Citizens come together to discuss and pass laws and select leaders Works best in small communities 6. Theocracy: Rulers claim to represent and be directed by a set of religious ideas Laws are rooted in a particular religion or religious doctrine Government power is unlimited 7. Oligarchy/Aristocracy: Small group of powerful people make most government decisions for their own benefit Membership is the ruling group may be based on wealth, family or military power 8. Constitutional Monarchy: Based on the idea that there are limits to the rightful power of a government over its citizens Power of the monarch is limited by law; the real power lies in another branch of government May coexist with other forms of government, such as representative democracy American Government and Politics Name _____________________ Political Philosophy Republican Government Hour _______ Date _________ Republican Government Introduction: Over 2000 years before our nation began; there existed in Europe a government which greatly influenced the founders of our country. This was the Roman Republic which lasted from 509 B.C. to 27 B.C. The government was called a Republican Government because citizens had the power to govern, the citizens gave power to leaders they elected to represent them and serve their interest, and the representatives were responsible for promoting the common welfare (community). As you know our founders, influenced by Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, or simply Montesquieu, believed that a Republican form of government was possible only if citizens had civic virtues. This means that both citizens and their representatives worked hard, loved their country and put the community above their own selfish interests. When our country was young, Americans were taught these values by their families, teachers and religious leaders. Identify at least 5 examples of civic virtue: Volunteer work Donate Tutoring Coach Vote Directions: Many people fear that in today's society, Americans have lost their civic virtue and as a result we are in danger of losing our Republican form of government. In your groups, examine the problems of individual/special interests (Locke) v. promoting the common welfare (Montesquieu), and answer the following questions. Explain a situation(s) in which your group believes the common welfare should come before special interests. (Essentially, when should the common welfare be protected?) Mrs. Bergin- smoking in public/workplaces Not allowing guns into hospitals or schools, etc. Explain a situation in which your group believes special or individual interests should come before the common welfare. (When should individuals have the right to do something?) Mrs. Bergin- gun ownership Age required for buying certain items. Explain a situation in which people might disagree about what is best for the common welfare. Abortion rights. What should be done in situations where there are disagreements amongst the people? A governmental discussion. What do you think will happen to a Republic if citizens do not display civic virtue? It will fall apart. Do you believe Americans today possess the civic virtue our founders admired? Support your answer with examples. Yes and No, this is because so many people contribute to civic virtues while some don't and some do a few things. Who should be responsible for promoting civic virtue? Why? Citizens, because they get to live in this country of freedom. American Government and Politics Name _____________________ Unit 1 Political Philosophy Natural Rights Part 2 Hour _______ Date _________ Why have a Government? Directions: In the last activity I asked you to imagine that you lived in a place where no one had lived before. Most of you believed that there would have been no laws or government to tell you how to live. Suppose that in such a situation, you believe that everyone has natural rights to life, liberty and property. You know that these rights are in danger, because people will not always respect the rights of others. And while there is a law of nature telling you how to behave, people may disagree about what the laws say. Some will interpret it according to their own needs and interests. Since there is no government, there is no one to make the laws that you can understand and follow and no one to enforce them. How should you solve this problem? Suppose then, that you and everyone else on your planet (imaginary state of nature) do agree to live under a government. There are several more questions that you must answer in deciding what kind of government to create. Answer the following questions after discussing your ideas with your group, and then compare your answers with the rest of class and John Locke. What do you think the main purpose of government should be? (Explain) To keep order in place so that life would be less crazy. I say crazy because people would probably try to take control of others for power which would most likely not end well. How should the government get the authority or right to make laws telling people what they can and cannot do? The government should have votes and meetings discussing the law in question. These government authorities would be voted upon by the people. What should people have the right to do if their government does not serve the purpose for which they created it? To remove the government's power and replace it with some else that will fulfil that role and complete the purpose for why it was created. Why should they have this right? So the government can't stay in power and do devious things while in control. Key Concept: limited government- government is restricted in what it may do and each individual has certain rights the government cannot take away. American Government and Politics Name _____________________ Unit 1 Political Philosophy Natural Rights Part 1 Hour _______ Date _________ The Natural Rights Philosophy We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government... (Declaration of Independence, 1776) Background Information: This excerpt from the Declaration of Independence includes some of the most important philosophical ideas underlying our form of government. This political philosophy is often called the natural rights philosophy. In order to understand the natural rights philosophy, it is helpful to try to answer the questions it deals with. Some of the most important of these questions are included in the following two activities. You might not all agree on your answers to these questions. It is important to know that you are not alone. At various times in history, people have had very different views on these matters. Your Role: Have you ever watched reruns of Gilligan's Island or the book Lord of the Flies? In this simulation, imagine that all of the students at North High School were on a rocket to Mars. After experiencing engine trouble, your pilot crash landed on a planet where there are natural resources to live on but where no one had lived before. All of the adults on board died during the crash and when you arrived you had no means of communicating with people in other parts of the universe. Directions: On the basis of this situation, answer the following questions, discuss your answers with your group, and then compare your answers with the rest of class. Note: as you consider the following questions, keep in mind that you have just arrived on this planet and no one has ever lived there before. Immediately after the crash, you and your classmates struggle to open the doors and pile out of the rocket to survey your surroundings. When you first arrived, would there be any laws or government to control how you lived or what property you had? Why or why not? I believe that there would be laws but not government right away since that would be a quick decision. Would anyone have the right to govern you? Why or why not? Only by proper election. Would you have the right to govern anyone else? Why or why not? No, unless I was elected. Would you have any rights or freedoms? If so, what would they be? Rights and freedom would be the same as what it is on earth. If not, why not? What might people who are stronger than others try to do? a. Why? They might try to take control of the others that are (weaker). What might the weaker people try to do? Why? They might form their own group, to stay stronger. Explain what life might be like for everyone after arriving on the planet. Stressful, and confusing I could only imagine. American Government Name ________________________ Unit 1 Political Ideology Individual Rights v. Protecting the Common Welfare Chart Group 1 What Article did you read from Group 1? L.A. Says 'No Fries with That' What is going on in this article? (Explain the situation) The government has banned Los Angeles from opening new fast-food restaurants, due to a high rate of obesity. List reasons why you would support the individual's right. -Stopping new fast-food restaurants from opening isn't going to change much of anything going on. -The people have the right to eat whatever they want, even if it is affecting their lives. -This banning of fast-food restaurants goes against peoples rights. List reasons why you would support the protection of the common welfare. -If a high amount of people are being affected by eating too much that can affect people being able to work certain types of jobs -The health risks they are put at can shorten, or curve one's life -Can affect the balance of daily life flow What position do you support? (Individual or Common Welfare) I don't support either side for the simple fact that something should be done about obesity, though completely banning new fast-food restaurants to be opened wasn't the right choice. Group 2 What Article did you read from Group 2? Driven to Distraction What is going on in this article? (Explain the situation) Making a law against the use of phones while driving, and how dangerous it would be if phones were still fully able to be used while driving. List reasons why you would support the individual's right. -For some states going fully hands free isn't an option for them, since their cars are not capable of phone functions and bluetooth. -Not everyone is as irresponsible as some people are to have that right taken away List reasons why you would support the protection of the common welfare. -Overall the people are unable to use a phone and drive at the same time without causing problems out on the road -Car crashes and incidents are more likely to happen without this law What position do you support? (Individual or Common Welfare) I support common welfare's decision to make a law that doesn't allow the usage of phones while driving. This is because it's not preventing anyone from not being able to text or call if needed since the people can always pull over if need be to handle their business on the phone. Dictatorship Dictatorship -Single dictator or a small group holds absolute authority and makes all decisions -Violence and force used to maintain rule Cuba Republic/Representative Democracy Republic/Representative Democracy -Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority -Indirect form of democracy; citizens elect representatives to make government decisions on their behalf -Representatives elected for set terms -Ancient Rome -United States Totalitarian Regimes Totalitarian Regimes -Dictator holds ultimate authority -Government tightly controls all aspects of life- political, social and economic -No formal or informal limits on government North Korea Monarchy Monarchy -Ruled by a monarch, usually a king or a queen, who belongs to a royal family -Power is inherited -Absolute monarchs have unlimited power Jordan Direct Democracy -Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority -Citizens come together to discuss and pass laws and select leaders -Works best in small communities Ancient Greece (Athens) Theocracy Theocracy -Rulers claim to represent and be directed by a set of religious ideas -Laws are rooted in a particular religion or religious doctrine -Government power is unlimited Iran Oligarchy/ Aristocracy Oligarchy/ Aristocracy -Small group of powerful people make most government decisions for their own benefit -Membership is the ruling group may be based on wealth, family or military power Ancient Greece (Sparta) Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy -Based on the idea that there are limits to the rightful power of a government over its citizens -Power of the monarch is limited by law; the real power lies in another branch of government -May coexist with other forms of government, such as representative democracy United Kingdom Government and Politics Name_______________________ Unit 1- Political Philosophy Characteristics of Democracy Outline Hour _______ Date __________ Characteristics of Democracy Individual Liberty a. be as free as possible b. no violence or disorder Equality equality of opportunity equality before the law (This does not mean all people are born with equal talents or deserve an equal share of material wealth.) Majority Rule with Minority Rights a. people usually accept decisions made by majority of voters in free election b. based on majority rule, but with the rights of the minority protected c. Majority most respect the rights of minority (The minority may become the majority by lawful means.) Free Elections a. all citizens have equal voting power b. all candidates have the right to express their view freely and voters have access to completing ideas c. citizens are free to organize in support of issues or candidates d. the legal requirements for voting such as age, residence, and citizenship, are kept to a minimum so that the largest amount of people have the right to vote e. citizens are able to vote freely by secret ballot Competing Political Parties Political Parties- (define) is a group of individuals who organize to win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy. Two-Party System (major parties) a. Republics b. Democrats *Those out of power serve as "watch-dogs" making those in power responsible for their actions and politics by criticizing. Conditions Favoring Democracy Active Citizen Participation Define- Democracy requires citizens who are willing to participate in civic life. Reason- They are more likely to maintain a strong democracy than countries where citizens do not participate fully in their government. Widespread Education Define- Democracy is more likely to succeed in countries with an educated public. Reason- Well-educated citizens have a greater ability to become informed about complex issues and to participate more intelligently in their government then citizens with a limited education. A Stable Economy Define- Democracy that seems to have a better change in countries that do not have extremes of wealth and poverty and that have a large middle class. Reason- Countries with a stable, growing economy seem better able to support democratic government. A Social Consensus Define- Democracy also prospers where more people accept democratic values such as individual liberty and equality of all persons. Reason- A country that is divided by disagreements about basic values may have difficulty supporting democratic governments. American Government and Politics Name ________________________ Unit 1 Political Philosophy Chapter 1 Section 1 Hour ______ Date Due __________ Government and the State Read Chapter 1 Section 1, (p. 2-8) and answer the following questions. Define the following terms: Government- the formal structures and institutions through which a territory and its people are ruled public policies-any decision made by government in pursuit of a particular goal state-a political unit made up by a group of people that lives within a clearly defined territory sovereign-ultimate, supreme power in a state; in the United States, sovereignty rests with the people constitution- written principles and laws of a nation, determines the powers and duties of the government and the people 2. What are the three main components of government? (7) People 2. Powers 3. Policies 3. What are the four characteristics of the state? Population Territory Government Sovereignty 4. In your own words, explain the four major theories which try to define the origins of the state. A. The Force Theory States form when an individual or group uses force to make enough people submit to a central authority. B. The Evolutionary Theory States form gradually over time, growing from family. C. The Divine Right Theory States are founded by God or the gods, and the ruler possesses a "divine right" to rule. D. The Social Contract Theory States form when people reach a "contract" to surrender some power to a common authority in return for security. 5. What are the functions of government? (8) Write down the function and a brief description in your own words. Ensure National Security - Protect the nation's people and territory from external threats. Maintain Order - Maintain internal order through police and the legal system. Resolve Conflict - Provide means to resolve conflicts through politics and the legal system. Provide Services - Provide a variety of services, ranging from education to public transportation, which are paid for by tax dollars. Provide for the Public Good - Make decisions and policies that attempt to balance the public good with the needs of smaller segments of the population. 6. According to John Locke, what are a citizen's natural rights? (12) Liberty 2. Property 3. Life American Government and Politics Name ___________________________ Unit 1 Political Philosophy Classic Forms of Government Hour _________ Date ______________ Directions: Use your textbook Chapter 1 Section 2 (p 14-19) to fill in the correct form of government and give the correct nation as an example. Constitutional Monarchy Dictatorship Direct Democracy Monarchy Oligarchy/Aristocracy Republic/Representative Democracy Theocracy Totalitarian Regimes Form Characteristics Example-Country Dictatorship Single dictator or a small group holds absolute authority and makes all decisions Violence and force used to maintain rule Cuba Republic/Representative Democracy Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Indirect form of democracy; citizens elect representatives to make government decisions on their behalf Representatives elected for set terms Ancient Rome United States Totalitarian Regimes Dictator holds ultimate authority Government tightly controls all aspects of life- political, social and economic No formal or informal limits on government North Korea Monarchy Ruled by a monarch, usually a king or a queen, who belongs to a royal family Power is inherited Absolute monarchs have unlimited power Jordan Direct Democracy Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority Citizens come together to discuss and pass laws and select leaders Works best in small communities Ancient Greece (Athens) Theocracy Rulers claim to represent and be directed by a set of religious ideas Laws are rooted in a particular religion or religious doctrine Government power is unlimited Iran Oligarchy/Aristocracy Small group of powerful people make most government decisions for their own benefit Membership is the ruling group may be based on wealth, family or military power Ancient Greece (Sparta) Constitutional Monarchy Based on the idea that there are limits to the rightful power of a government over its citizens Power of the monarch is limited by law; the real power lies in another branch of government May coexist with other forms of government, such as representative democracy