American Government 2e Final 1-14

The doctrine that people who do jobs that require the same level of skill, training, or education are thus entitled to equal pay is known as ________. A. the glass ceiling B. substantial compensation C. comparable worth D. affirmative action

Ccomparable worth

gerrymandering of the candidate's district

. Which factor is most likely to lead to the incumbency advantage for a candidate? candidate's socioeconomic status gerrymandering of the candidate's district media's support of the candidate candidate's political party

national

. Which level of party organization is most responsible for helping the party's nominee win the presidency? precinct county state national

They require government to balance the rights and liberties of different groups.

. Why are social policies controversial? They require people to accept the authority of the government. They require government to balance the rights and liberties of different groups. They require the government to increase spending. They require a decrease in regulations and laws.

all the above

. Why might several competing corporations join together in an association? because there is often strength in numbers because they often have common issues that may affect an entire industry because they can all benefit from governmental policies all the above

Radio quiz shows and comedy shows were most popular in the ________. A. 1900s B. 1930s C. 1970s D. 1990s

1900s

owns many businesses and media networks

A conglomerate is a corporation that ________. owns all television news stations in a state owns many businesses and media networks owns only radio stations owns only televisions and newspapers

strict scrutiny

A group of African American students believes a college admissions test that is used by a public university discriminates against them. What legal standard would the courts use in deciding their case? rational basis test intermediate scrutiny strict scrutiny equal protection

affiliate

A local station that broadcasts national network programming is called a(an) ________ station. affiliate cable digital network

government proposes something and the voters approve it

A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the voters propose something but the governor approves it voters propose and approve something but the legislature also approves it government proposes something and the voters approve it government proposes something and the legislature approves it

a select committee is convened for a specific and temporary purpose, while a standing committee is permanent

A select committee is different from a standing committee because ________. a select committee includes member of both chambers, while a standing committee includes only members of the House a select committee is used for bill reconciliation, while a standing committee is used for prosecutions a select committee must stay in session, while a standing committee goes to recess a select committee is convened for a specific and temporary purpose, while a standing committee is permanent

nominate and gain confirmation for their cabinet and hundreds of other officials

A very challenging job for new presidents is to ______. A: move into the White House B: prepare and deliver their first State of the Union address C: nominate and gain confirmation for their cabinet and hundreds of other officials D: prepare their first executive budget

Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state's population and every state would have two senators.

According to the Great Compromise, how would representation in Congress be apportioned? Each state would have equal representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress would be a unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation. Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state's population and every state would have two senators. Representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate would be based on a state's population.

Why were The Federalist Papers written? A. To encourage states to oppose the Constitution. B. To encourage New York to ratify the Constitution. C. To oppose the admission of slaveholding states to the federal union. D. To encourage people to vote for George Washington as the nation's first president.

B

John Locke

British colonists in North America in the late seventeenth century were greatly influenced by the political thought of King James II Thomas Jefferson John Locke James Madison

How are collective goods different from private goods? A. Collective goods offer particularized benefits, while private goods are broadly distributed. B. Collective goods and private goods both offer particularized benefits. C. Collective goods and private goods both offer broadly distributed benefits. D. Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits.

Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits.

The NWP favored more confrontational tactics like protests and picketing while NAWSA circulated petitions and lobbied politicians.

How did NAWSA differ from the NWP? NAWSA worked to win votes for women on a state-by-state basis while the NWP wanted an amendment added to the Constitution. NAWSA attracted mostly middle-class women while NWP appealed to the working class. The NWP favored more confrontational tactics like protests and picketing while NAWSA circulated petitions and lobbied politicians. The NWP sought to deny African Americans the vote, but NAWSA wanted to enfranchise all women.

The selection of the candidate with fewer electoral votes triggered the rise of party control over nominations.

How did the election of 1824 change the way presidents were selected? A: Following this election, presidents were directly elected. B: Jackson's supporters decided to create a device for challenging the Electoral College. C: The election convinced many that the parties must adopt the king caucus as the primary method for selecting presidents. D: The selection of the candidate with fewer electoral votes triggered the rise of party control over nominations.

three-fourths

How many states must ratify an amendment before it becomes law? all three-fourths two-thirds one-half

necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court invoked which provisions of the constitution? Tenth Amendment and spending clause commerce clause and supremacy clause necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause taxing power and necessary and proper clause

all the above

In what ways are lobbyists regulated? Certain activities are prohibited. Contributions must be disclosed. Lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office. all the above

A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs.

In which circumstance would the courts find libel? A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs. A columnist writes his opinion about whether an actor is hiding a drug problem. A television reporter delivers a story about increased drug use at the local college. A reporter writes that local college students are drug dealers but has no sources.

presidential

In which type of election are you most likely to see coattail effects? presidential midterm special caucuses

proportional representation

In which type of electoral system do voters select the party of their choice rather than an individual candidate? proportional representation first-past-the-post plurality voting majoritarian voting

A poll states that Hillary Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote. There is an 8 percent margin of error. What do you think of the poll? A. It is a good poll and the margin of error is small. B. It is a good poll and the margin of error is acceptable. C. It is a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high. D. The poll accurately predicts Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote.

It is a good poll and the margin of error is acceptable.

How did the delegates to the Constitutional Convention resolve their disagreement regarding slavery? A. It was agreed that Congress would abolish slavery in 1850. B. It was agreed that a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of representation but not for purposes of taxation. C. It was agreed that a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of taxation but not for purposes of representation. D. It was agreed that 60 percent of a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of both representation and taxation.

It was agreed that 60 percent of a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of both representation and taxation.

they feared the opportunities created for corruption

Many at the Continental Congress were skeptical of allowing presidents to be directly elected by the legislature because ________. A: they were worried about giving the legislature too much power B: they feared the opportunities created for corruption C: they knew the weaknesses of an electoral college D: they worried about subjecting the commander-in-chief to public scrutiny

overrepresent African Americans as poor

Media coverage of a race tends to ________. accurately portray all races equally accurately portray whites and blacks as victims overrepresent whites and the elderly as poor overrepresent African Americans as poor

investigate problems in government and business

Muckraking occurs when newspapers ________. investigate problems in government and business investigate actions of celebrities print sensational news on the front page to sell papers print more editorials and opinion pieces to sell papers

How do polls affect presidential elections? A. Polls help voters research information about each of the candidates. B. Polls tell voters the issues that candidates support. C. Polls identify the top candidates and the media interview those candidates. D. Polls explain which candidates should win the election.

Polls identify the top candidates and the media interview those candidates.

premier position to pressure through public appeal

President Theodore Roosevelt's concept of the bully pulpit was the office's ________. A: authority to use force, especially military force B: constitutional power to veto legislation C: premier position to pressure through public appeal D: ability to use technology to enhance the voice of the president

decline

Presidential approval ratings ________ over a president's term of office. increase decline stay relatively stable seesaw

an in-house lobbyist

Someone who lobbies on behalf of a company that he or she works for as part of his or her job is ________. an in-house lobbyist a volunteer lobbyist a contract lobbyist a legislative liaison

the chamber votes for cloture

Stopping a filibuster requires that ________. a majority of senators agree on the bill the speaker steps away from the podium the chamber votes for cloture the Speaker or majority leader intervenes

WWII; images and maps

Television news became a regular feature during ________ due to the public's demand for ________ to explain current events. WWI; images and maps Great Depression; charts and tables WWII; images and maps Vietnam War; charts and tables

key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added Alexander Hamilton believed it was necessary it was part of the Articles of Confederation it was originally part of the Declaration of Independence

television, radio, satellite, and cable

The Federal Communications Commission oversees the programming of which entities? television television and radio television, radio, and satellite television, radio, satellite, and cable

helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights

The Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote outlawed slavery helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights allowed the states to continue to enact black codes

large and small states

The Great Compromise successfully resolved differences between ________. large and small states slave and non-slave states the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution the House and the Senate

allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain

The Supreme Court case known as Kelo v. City of New London was controversial because it allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain regulated popular ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber limited the application of the death penalty made it harder for police to use evidence obtained without a warrant

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Supreme Court decision ruling that "separate but equal" was constitutional and allowed racial segregation to take place was Brown v. Board of Education Plessy v. Ferguson Loving v. Virginia Shelley v. Kraemer

Which of the following is true of spending in politics? A. The Supreme Court has yet to address the issue of money in politics. B. The Supreme Court has restricted spending on politics. C. The Supreme Court has opposed restrictions on spending on politics. D. The Supreme Court has ruled that corporations may spend unlimited amounts of money but unions may not.

The Supreme Court has opposed restrictions on spending on politics.

forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second and Fourth Amendments

The Third Amendment can be thought of as reinforcing the right to keep and bear arms guaranteed by the Second Amendment ensuring the right to freedom of the press forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second and Fourth Amendments strengthening the right to a jury trial in criminal cases

Cherokee

The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of this tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma. Lakota Paiute Navajo Cherokee

none of these options

The double jeopardy rule in the Bill of Rights forbids which of the following? prosecuting someone in a state court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in federal court prosecuting someone in federal court for a criminal act he or she had been acquitted of in a state court suing someone for damages for an act the person was found not guilty of none of these options

wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people

The elite theory of government maintains that ________. special interest groups make government policy politicians who have held office for a long time are favored by voters poor people and people of color should not be allowed to vote wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people

increasing the number of minority members in Congress

The increasing value constituents have placed on descriptive representation in Congress has had the effect of ________. increasing the sensitivity representatives have to their constituents demands decreasing the rate at which incumbents are elected increasing the number of minority members in Congress decreasing the number of majority minority districts

the budget process

The key means of advancing modern legislation is now ________. committees the actions of the leadership the budget process the filibuster

districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups

The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because ________. districts must include urban and rural areas states can gain but never lose districts districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups states have been known to create more districts than they have been apportioned

the local constituents tend to care about things that affect them

The saying "All politics is local" roughly means ________. the local candidate will always win the local constituents want action on national issues the local constituents tend to care about things that affect them the act of campaigning always occurs at the local level where constituents are

Which body of government is least susceptible to public opinion polls? A. the president B. U.S. Senate C. U.S. House of Representatives D. U.S. Supreme Court

U.S. Supreme Court

One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress and it was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group.

What argument did Alexander Hamilton use to convince people that it was not dangerous to place power in the hands of one man? That man would have to pass a religious test before he could become president; thus, citizens could be sure that he was of good character. One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress. It was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group. both B and C

all the above

What changes have occurred in the lobbying environment over the past three or four decades? There is more professional lobbying. Many interests lobby both the national government and the states. A fragmentation of interests has taken place. all the above

over forty-five years old

What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election? over forty-five years old income under $30,000 high school education or less residency in the South

It gave citizenship to African Americans and made all Americans equal before the law regardless of race or color. Over the years it has also been used to require states to guarantee their residents the same protections as those granted by the federal government in the Bill of Rights

What did the Fourteenth Amendment achieve?

public goods

What goods are available to all without direct payment? private goods public goods common goods toll goods

It could not impose taxes.

What important power did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation? It could not coin money. It could not declare war. It could not impose taxes. It could not conduct foreign affairs.

PACs can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot.

What is a difference between a PAC and a super PAC? PACs can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot. Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs. Contributions to PACs are unlimited, but restrictions have been placed on how much money can be contributed to super PACs. Super PACS are much more likely to support incumbent candidates than are PACs.

purposive incentives

What type of incentives appeal to someone's concern about a cause? solidary incentives purposive incentives material incentives negative incentives

The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote.

What unusual step did Oregon take to increase voter registration? The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote. The state ended voter registration. The state sends every resident a voter registration ballot. The state allows online voter registration.

latent preferences

When a person is asked a question about a political issue that he or she has little interest in and has not thought much about, that person's answer will likely reflect ideology partisanship intense preferences latent preferences

the Supreme Court

Which institution has the highest average public approval ratings? the presidency the U.S. House of Representatives the U.S. Senate the Supreme Court

Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between states and federal government.

Which is not a merit of cooperative federalism? Federal cooperation helps mitigate the problem of collective action among states. Federal assistance encourages state and local governments to generate positive externalities. Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between states and federal government. Federal assistance ensures some degree of uniformity of public services across states.

Jeffrey Lyons, a 40-year-old lawyer and father of one

Which of the following citizens is most likely to run for office? Maria Trejo, a 28-year-old part-time sonogram technician and mother of two Jeffrey Lyons, a 40-year-old lawyer and father of one Linda Tepsett, a 40-year-old full-time orthopedic surgeon Mark Forman, a 70-year-old retired steelworker

The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for grazing purposes.

Which of the following is a good example of a tradeoff? The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for grazing purposes. The government pleases environmental activists by reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone National Park but angers ranchers by placing their cattle in danger. The government pleases oil companies by allowing them to drill on lands set aside for conservation but allows environmental activist groups to protest the drilling operations. Groups that represent a variety of conflicting interests are all allowed to protest outside Congress and the White House.

The president signs legally binding nuclear arms terms with Iran without seeking congressional approval.

Which of the following is an example of an executive agreement? A: The president negotiates an agreement with China and submits it to the Senate for ratification. B: The president changes a regulation on undocumented immigrant status without congressional approval. C: The president signs legally binding nuclear arms terms with Iran without seeking congressional approval. D: The president issues recommendations to the Department of Justice on what the meaning of a new criminal statute is.

a story on drug abuse that interviews addicts and discusses reasons for addiction and government responses to help addicts

Which of the following is an example of episodic framing? a story on drug abuse that interviews addicts and discusses reasons for addiction and government responses to help addicts a story on how drug abuse policy has changed since 1984 a story on candidates' answers to a drug question in a debate a story detailing arguments against needle exchange programs

a U.S. senator

Which of the following is not an agent of political socialization? a family member a religious leader a teacher a U.S. senator

a leading question

Which of the following is not part of a scientific poll design? a leading question a random sample a representative sample a low margin of error

National Voter Registration Act

Which of the following makes it easy for a citizen to register to vote? grandfather clause lengthy residency requirement National Voter Registration Act competency requirement

the right to polygamous marriage

Which of the following rights is not explicitly protected by some state constitutions? the right to hunt the right to privacy the right to polygamous marriage the right to a free public education

Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion.

Which of the following rules has the Supreme Court said is an undue burden on the right to have an abortion? Women must make more than one visit to an abortion clinic before the procedure can be performed. Minors must gain the consent of a parent or judge before seeking an abortion. Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion. Women must be informed of the health consequences of having an abortion.

A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds

Which of the following types of discrimination would be subject to the rational basis test? A law that treats men differently from women An action by a state governor that treats Asian Americans differently from other citizens A law that treats whites differently from other citizens A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds

In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government.

Which statement about federal and unitary systems is most accurate? In a federal system, power is concentrated in the states; in a unitary system, it is concentrated in the national government. In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government. Today there are more countries with federal systems than with unitary systems. The United States and Japan have federal systems, while Great Britain and Canada have unitary systems.

The Arizona v. United States decision struck down all Arizona's most restrictive provisions on undocumented immigration.

Which statement about immigration federalism is false? The Arizona v. United States decision struck down all Arizona's most restrictive provisions on undocumented immigration. Since the 1990s, states have increasingly moved into the policy domain of immigration. Federal immigration laws trump state laws. States' involvement in immigration is partly due to their interest in preventing undocumented immigrants from accessing public services such as education and welfare benefits.

New federalism does not promote the use of unfunded mandates.

Which statement about unfunded mandates is false? The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act has prevented Congress from using unfunded mandates. The Clean Air Act is a type of federal partial preemptive regulation. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act establishes crosscutting requirements. New federalism does not promote the use of unfunded mandates.

None of the statements are correct.

Which statement about venue shopping is true? MADD steered the drinking age issue from the federal government down to the states. Anti-abortion advocates have steered the abortion issue from the states up to the federal government. Both MADD and anti-abortion proponents redirected their advocacy from the states to the federal government. None of the statements are correct.

George Washington

Which supporter of federalism warned people about the dangers of political parties? John Adams Alexander Hamilton James Madison George Washington

Overt

________ political content is given by a media source that lets the reader or viewer know upfront there is a political bias or position. Overt Covert Explanatory Expository

AIM was ________. A. a federal program that returned control of Native American education to tribal governments B. a radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation C. an attempt to reduce the size of reservations D. a federal program to give funds to Native American tribes to help their members open small businesses that would employ tribal members

a radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation

Which of the following is an aspect of iron triangles? A. fluid participation among interests B. a great deal of competition for access to decision-makers C. a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups D. three interest groups that have formed a coalition

a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups

When acting as an agenda setter, the media ________. A. decides which issues deserve public attention B. covers presidential campaigns equally C. reports on corruption in government D. brings in advertising revenue for the media corporation

decides which issues deserve public attention

Which factor affects congressional approval ratings the most? A. presidential actions B. foreign events C. Supreme Court actions D. domestic events

domestic events

What is the Bill of Rights? A. first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms B. powers given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution C. twenty-seven amendments added to the Constitution over the years D. document authored by Thomas Jefferson that details the rights of the citizens

first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms

According to the pluralist theory of government, ________. A. government does what the majority of voters want it to do B. government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests C.ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on government D. wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians have no interest in pleasing anyone else

government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests

How are most attitudes formed? A. in adulthood, based on life choices B. in childhood, based on early childhood experiences C. in college, based on classes and majors D. after college, based on finances

in childhood, based on early childhood experiences

The Supreme Court determined that the right of the press to print classified material ________. A. is obsolete, and the press may never print classified material B. is partial, and the press may print classified material only if it does not compromise troops or covert operatives C. is complete, and the press may print anything it likes D. has not yet been defined

is partial, and the press may print classified material only if it does not compromise troops or covert operatives

Which of the following is the best example of a solidary benefit? A. joining a group to be with others like you B. joining a group to obtain a monetary benefit C. joining a group because you care about a cause D. joining a group because it is a requirement of your job

joining a group to be with others like you

Cable programming is often ________. A. local B. national C. network D. sports

national

In which form of government does a small group of elite people hold political power? A. direct democracy B. monarchy C. oligarchy D. totalitarian

oligarchy

Supporting the actions of the Democratic Party simply because one identifies oneself as a member of that party is an example of ________. A. partisanship B. ideology C. latent preference D. social capital

partisanship

Revolving door laws are designed to do which of the following? A. prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyists immediately after leaving office B. help lawmakers find work after they leave office C. restrict lobbyists from running for public office D. all the above

prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyists immediately after leaving office

The Bradley effect occurs when people ________. A. say they will vote for a candidate based on the candidate's name B. say they will vote against a candidate because of the candidate's race C. say they will vote for a candidate but then vote against him or her D. say they will vote in the next election but instead stay home

say they will vote for a candidate but then vote against him or her

At the world's first women's rights convention in 1848, the most contentious issue proved to be _________. A. the right to education for women B. suffrage for women C. access to the professions for women D. greater property rights for women

suffrage for women

The equal protection clause became part of the Constitution as a result of ________. A. affirmative action B. the Fourteenth Amendment C. intermediate scrutiny D. strict scrutiny

the Fourteenth Amendment

Mexican American farm workers in California organized ________ to demand higher pay from their employers. A. the bracero program B. Operation Wetback C. the United Farm Workers union D. the Mattachine Society

the United Farm Workers union

The agreement that citizens will consent to be governed so long as government protects their natural rights is called ________. A. the divine right of kings B. the social contract C. a bill of rights D. due process

the social contract

Newspapers during the Revolutionary War period tended to ________. A. give fake news and sensationalize stories B. unite the colonists and provide information about the British C. print party propaganda D. attack colonial politicians

unite the colonists and provide information about the British

The 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march was an important milestone in the civil rights movement because it ________. A. vividly illustrated the continued resistance to black civil rights in the Deep South B. did not encounter any violent resistance C. led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. was the first major protest after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.

vividly illustrated the continued resistance to black civil rights in the Deep South