American History Chapter 21
How did the boycott end?
The bus company lost lots of revenue eventually made it illegal to have segregated buses
What caused the division in the civil rights movement?
The difference Malcom X promoting violence and MLK denouncing violence
How did sit-ins advance the cause of the civil rights movement?
The fact that whites were involved
Black Panthers
A political party to fight against police brutality in the ghetto
In what 3 ways did World War II help set the stage for the civil rights movement?
A. Shortage of white men created an opportunity for blacks, latinas, and women to establish working. B. Millions of black men served with white men in WWII in integrated regiments and battalions. C. Roosevelt issued an executive order that integrated race in the workplace during WWII.
What did the Voting Rights of 1965 guarantee?
An outlawing of polling taxes and other types, also gave protection to African American voters
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Banned discrimination in housing
How did Malcom X alienate Black Muslims?
By using violence and self defense went against what the black muslims taught
Who volunteered for the project?
College kids mainly
How did the CORE influence SNCC?
Congress of racial equality, people started changing their minds about everything
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do?
Declared that all public facilities were to be equal and to be accommodated to every person
De Facto Segregation
Exists by practice and custom, not by law
De Jure Segregation
Exsists by law, addressed by the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Malcom X
Former Minister of the Nation of Islam
Who inspired MLK Jr. ?
Gahandi, Jesus, Henry David Thuroev, and Phillip Randolf
What was Malcom X's appeal as a leader to African Americans?
Good speaker, young, and was not afraid to call action
How did the violence against freedom riders affect President Kennedy?
He had to in force it more strictly and send federal troops in to fight
Stokely Carmichael
He urged the SNCC to stop recruiting whites and to focus on developing African American Pride
Nation of Islam
Headed by Elijah Muhammad, this organization was also known as the Black Muslims
What role did the violence shown on TV play in this March?
Helped show what the March was about
What was the famous speech given at the March?
I have a dream
How did the black panthers reflect a growing radicalism in segments of the movement?
If the violence was necessary they were going to use it
Did the march achieve its goals?
It did, but brought controversy and biast opinions
How did the Plessy vs. Ferguson case legalize segregation?
It passed the law requring seperate but equal accomdations for the white and colored races, then the Jim Crow laws were passed.
How did freedom riders expose southern resistance to desegregation rulings?
It showed there were a lot of people against because of the violent attacks made, and these were exposed through many news crews
What prevented millions of African Americans from voting in the South?
Jim Crow laws
What did the voting rights act outlaw?
Literacy tests for black voters
Who was the president of the SCLC?
MLK Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr
Not long before his assassination a trip to Mecca helped to soften his attitude towards white people
Who attended the March?
Over 250,000 people with MLK Jr
What did SNCC accomplish and how?
Promoting sit-ins, when black men would sit in all white diners and would refuse to move
Black Power
Provoked violence
What was the SNCC?
Student non violence coordinating committee
What did the brown ruling declare?
That all schools were to be desegregated and integrated with both black and white students
What happened in the cities across America after King's assassination?
Rioting and violence
What did the law accomplish?
Risen the black voting percentage by 10%
What caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat
Why did civil rights activists organize the March on Washington?
So that they could support Kennedy in passing the bill
What issues did the NAACP use to challenge the Plessy vs. Ferguson case?
They focused on the inequalities of separate schools, they said that schools shouldn't be segregated
How did the court rule in Plessy?
They ruled things would be separate but equal for both blacks and whites
How did the civil rights workers try to win a voting acts right?
They wanted to try and register many voters
Who argued Brown's case?
Thurgood Marshall argued for this case and won it
What was SCLC's purpose?
To carry out violent protests against the southerners
What was the goal of the Freedom Summer Project?
To help blacks gain voting rights
What was the goal if the freedom riders?
To provoke violent reactions so the Kennedy administration would enforce the law
What was the Kennedy administration's response?
To send over 400 troops to accompany these these freedom riders on their trip to Montgomery
What did the march encourage President Johnson to do?
To sign the civil rights act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination
Kerner Commission
To study the causes of urban violence
What was the goal of the March on Washington?
To support the civil rights bill
How did young people respond to King's leadership?
With energy and enthusiasm