American History Unit 2

New Jersey

colony founded by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, offered generous land grants, religious freedom, and the right to have a legislative assembly

Connecticut

colony founded by Reverend Thomas Hooker

Pennsylvania

colony founded by William Penn and the Quakers, place of true religious freedom

Georgia

colony founded to give poor and imprisoned people in England a second chance, founded by James Oglethorpe and 19 other trustees for the colony

Maryland

colony where Catholics could practice their religion freely

Gambrel Roof

double pitched roof introduced by the Dutch, commonly found in Middle Colonies

Lean-to

extension added onto colonial homes. One half was the birth/death room, other half was a bedroom for parents

Hornbook

first textbook used by colonial school children, was a wooden paddle with the alphabet pasted on it, also had prayers on it (religion was taught in schools)

Englishman George Calvert (Lord of Baltimore)

founded a colony where himself and his fellow Catholics could practice their religion freely. After his death, King Charles granted his son a large area of land northeast of Virginia, new colony named Maryland

Rhode Island

founded by Roger Williams, was a place of religious freedom, church and state were separate

Apothecary

colonial doctors, prescribed medial treatment/medicine

- Puritans lived in New England Colonies (specifically Massachusetts) - Quakers lived in the Middle Colonies (specifically Pennsylvania) - Catholics lived in the Middle/Southern Colonies (specifically Maryland) - Anglicans lived in the Southern Colonies (specifically Virginia)

"Where did Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, and Anglicans live?"

Southern Geography & Climate

- land was level, fertile, and great for farming - rivers had gentle flowing water - few natural harbors along the coastline - long growing season

New England Leisure

- no singing, no dancing, no gambling, no drinking - get together at bees to do work - social life wasn't centered around enjoyment, but rather productivity

New England Geography & Climate

- rocky soil that wasn't fertile - climate was wet and cold - relatively short growing season - rivers and streams were swift, contained many rapids - coastline was rough and irregular, several natural harbor areas

Middle Colonies Geography & Climate

- rolling hills - mix between mountainous North and level South

Weaver

- used looms to make fabric - created thread out of cotton, wool, a d linen (comes from flax)

New England Home Materials

- wood = main material - wood was originally kept bare, but was later on painted to protect it (paint was muted colors such as white, grey, and occasionally red)

Middle Colonies Home Materials

- wood, brick, and fieldstone (indigenous to the area) were used when constructing houses - Quakers had plainer houses, similar to the ones found up North

New England Education

- education was mandatory, children had to read the Bible - First colleges were established in the North to teach/train ministers

Southern Town Structure

- few large towns and/or cities - farms were far apart

New England Town Structure

- houses built around the church - houses built close together to conserve materials for fortification - village green town structure

Plantations

- huge farms, acted as little communities - included planter's great house (hub), work buildings, slave quarters, and fields for planting crops

Spin-offs of Massachusetts Colony

- Connecticut - Rhode Island - New Hampshire

New England Colonies

- Maine (part of Massachusetts) - New Hampshire - Massachusetts - Rhode Island - Connecticut

Southern Colonies

- Maryland - Virginia - North Carolina - South Carolina - Georgia

Middle Colonies

- New York - New Jersey - Pennsylvania - Delaware

Middle Colonies Economy

- adapted to good agriculture (grew crops such wheat, rum, barley, corn, and fruit) - known as bread colonies - raised cattle for meat and hides - participated in shipbuilding, lumbering, and some fishing - big on manufacturing (manufactured products such as cloth, woolens, flour, guns, wagons, tools, and various iron products)

Southern Economy

- agriculture based economy - numerous plantations, some smaller farmers - main crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo - large plantations located on banks of rivers near the Atlantic Coast, provided water and transportation - Ocean ships sailed up rivers to plantation docks and were loaded with crops

Colonial Punishment

- believed criminals should be permanently marked and humiliated Punishment for Major Crimes - flesh was branded with hot iron, ears and hands were cut off, people were whipped Punishment for Minor Crimes - wrongdoers were locked in the stocks - signs put around their necks to label them with their crime (ie. sign with "D" for drunk, sign with "B" for blasphemer)

Southern Home Materials

- brick = main material - brick acted as a good insulator, kept settlers warm during winter months and cool during summer months - wood was also used because it was accessible - homes were painted, weren't limited to muted/plain colors due to religion/beliefs

Parents

- children helped ______ after school - had no homework - School year depended on agriculture calendar

New England Economy

- couldn't depend on agriculture for major source of income - colonists participated in fishing, shipbuilding, logging, whaling, etc. - farms were small and self-sufficient - later became center of textile manufacturing

Colonial Crimes

- cursing/using bad language (Puritan) - blasphemy (Puritan) - getting drunk (Puritan) - murder - bad temperament (for women)

Southern Leisure

- drinking, horse racing, dancing, smoking, gambling - religion didn't influence social life - plantation owners would invite travelers into their homes for company - colonists would go into town around twice a year to do public and private business, going into town was a big deal because colonists lived far apart from each other

Southern Education

- education was NOT mandatory - common people weren't educated - children from well-to-do/rich families were tutored or homeschooled (education was for the wealthy)

New York

Dutch land, originally named New Netherlands, commandeered by King Charles II and granted to James Duke of York, renamed to __________

Jamestown

John Smith led the ___________ colony, located in Virginia

South Carolina

King Charles II was interested in the land between Virginia and Florida, developed land into two separate regions. Settlers in _________ originally wanted to cultivate sugarcane, but ended up exporting deerskins and shipped slaves to the West Indies

North Carolina

King Charles II was interested in the land between Virginia and Florida, developed land into two separate regions. ________ was home to a small population of farmers that grew tobacco as a cash crop.

Virginia

King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company (aka London Company), giving its stockholders permission to start colonies in _________

Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts

Pilgrims came to the New World to escape religion persecution, founded _______________________

Humiliation

Punishments during colonial times were centered around _____________, especially in New England Colonies

Southern Religion & Nationality

Religion: Mainly Anglican (Catholics in Maryland) Nationality: English

New England Religion & Nationality

Religion: Puritans and Separatists Nationality: English

Middle Colonies Religion & Nationality

Religion: mix of religions (ie. Quakers and Catholics), majority of colonies had religious freedom Nationality: mix of nationalities (ie. Dutch, Swedish, Irish, Scottish, French, English, German, etc)

Ducking Stool

instrument used to punish ill tempered women, sat in chair over creek/pond and dunked into water

Yes, religion was a large aspect of colonial life. Colonists faced many hardships, religion gave them hope. Believed challenges they faced were a part of God's plan and everything would work out in time, whether that time came in their current life or after death.

Was religion important to the colonists?

Life in New England was very plain. Puritans believed in practicality, avoided frivolous activities, wore plain clothing, houses were very simple

What effect did the Puritan Religion have on the life of New Englanders?

Bee

chores that colonists would turn into a social event. A husking ______ was when colonists would get together to husk corn and, once the job was done, the community would eat a meal together

Delaware

William Penn acquired three counties south of Pennsylvania from Duke of York, later became ___________. Colony was settled by Swedish people.

John Winthrop

Worked with the Massachusetts Bay Company and turned land in New World into a refuge for Puritans, known as Massachusetts Bay Colony. Became first governor of Massachusetts.

Barber

a person who cut/shaved hair - they also practiced surgery, dentistry, and blood letting

Gunsmith

a person who made and repaired guns

Carpenter

a person who made and repaired items made out of wood

Wheelwright

a person who made and repaired wheels and wheeled vehicles

Hatter

a person who made and sold hats

Potter

a person who made containers out of clay

Merchant

a person who made money by selling products in the New World and overseas

Tailor

a person who made or repaired clothing

Wigmaker

a person who made wigs

Blacksmith

a person who makes and repairs items made out of metal

Cobbler

a shoemaker

Shipwright

a type of carpenter skilled in the building and repairing of ships

Reverend Thomas Hooker

frustrated by the Massachusetts political system, he moved his congregation to the Connecticut River Valley , founding Connecticut (believed in separation of church and state)

William Penn

granted land by King Charles II because the king was in debt to his father. He was a Quaker and wanted new colony to be a place of political and religious freedom

Quakers

group that believed in religious toleration, political freedom, pacifism (opposition to war), and fair treatment. Didn't believe in hierarchy, only believed in one leader (God).

Roger Williams

he was ordered out of Massachusetts for his uncommon opinions, escaped and bought land from Native Americans (became Rhode Island)

Fireplace

located in the main room of the house, very large, main source of heat for colonial homes, also used for cooking

Keeping Room/Main Room

main space in colonial homes, could be used for anything from cooking, sleeping, entertainment, etc.

James Oglethorpe

member of Parliament that helped establish Georgia

Saltbox house

one roomed house, mainly found in New England colonies, one room was called the keeping room. Keeping room had large fireplace, room acted as a kitchen, bedroom, living room, dining room, etc.

Second Story Overhang

originated in London, second story had more square footage than first story

Cooper

person who made or repaired wooden barrels/kegs/tubs

Anne Hutchinson

questioned authority of ministers, charged with heresy and banished, headed south with followers and settled in modern day Portsmouth, Rhode Island

New Hampshire

separated from Massachusetts and became a royal colony, founded by John Mason and John Wheelwright