American RedCross - Adult, Child and Baby First Aid/CPR/AED Course

Check broken down:

Check scene, get consent, check person (breathing bleeding, other threats)

You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again. True or False?

False ----------------------------------- As soon as the shock is delivered, or if no shock is advised, immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions. Even after a successful shock, a person will still have low flow and starting CPR immediately will help.

You are using an AED on an 82-year-old woman in cardiac arrest. She is frail and only weighs about 105 pounds, so you should use pediatric AED pads. True or False?

False ------------------------------------- NEVER use pediatric AED pads on anyone older than 8 years of age or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kg) because the shock delivered will not be sufficient.

What is the correct hand position when giving chest compressions to an adult?

Heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest, other hand on top; fingers interlaced and up and off the chest

signs of heat stroke

Moist, pale or flushed skin Absence of sweating Some degree of sweating Unresponsive Confusion Seizure Headache Nausea Dizziness Weakness Exhaustion

When placing AED pads on an adult, you should use which of the following preferred pad placements?

One pad on the upper left side of the chest and the other on the upper right side of the chest

Gary has set up the AED and bared Paula's chest when prompted. How should he place the AED pads on Paula's chest?

One pad on the upper right side of Paula's chest; one pad on the lower left side of Paula's chestAED pads on manikin's upper right and lower left chest ----------------------- When placing AED pads on an adult, always place one pad on the upper right side of the chest and one pad on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit.

Other ways of portection

PPE, not needed though

Before giving breaths to the adult, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Past-neutral

signs of a heart attack

Persistent chest pain, pressure or squeezing Isolated, unexplained discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach Dizziness or light-headedness Trouble breathing, including shortness of breath Pale, gray or bluish skin Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea Extreme fatigue Sweating A feeling of anxiety or impending doom Unresponsiveness

o Give Breaths with a Pocket Mask:

Place the mask over the person's nose and mouth; it should not go past the chin. Seal the mask to the face with your hands. Lift the person's face into the mask and open the airway to a past-neutral position. Maintain a good seal. Take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the mask valve with your mouth. Blow into the one-way valve for about 1 second, while looking to see that the chest begins to rise. Allow the person's chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath.

General care for (positioning) Unresponsive person who is breathing or a person who responds but is not fully awake: Responsive person: A person who is actively seizing:

Place the person in a recovery position. Place the person in a position of comfort. Monitor the person until the seizing has stopped. Turn them onto their side into a recovery position if it is possible to do so without injury. If they become unresponsive, position them in the recovery position.

Paula is unresponsive and not breathing. She does not show any signs of life-threatening bleeding. What should Gary do first?

Tell Tomas to call 9-1-1 and send Jenna to get an AED and first aid kit. ----------------------- If a person is unresponsive and not breathing (or only gasping), it is important to immediately call 9-1-1 and get equipment, or tell someone to do so.

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

The chest begin to rise

Which statement is correct about the responder's technique for giving breaths?

The responder made a complete seal, but did not tilt the head back to open the airway.

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest. True or False?

True --------------------- Remove all clothing covering the chest as needed to place the AED pads. The shock should be delivered from the pads directly to the person's skin.

If more than one responder is available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch? Select 3 answers.

When the original responder is tiring After every three cycles of CPR After every five cycles of CPR About every 2 minutes

Continue giving CPR cycles until

You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing. An AED is ready. Another trained responder is available to take over compressions. EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person. You are alone and too tired to continue. The scene becomes unsafe.

where do you give back blows

between the shoulder blades

How can you lower your risk for infection when giving breaths?

breathing barrier

Use the AED as soon as possible,

but do not delay compressions to find or use the AED!

if cant give abdominal thrusts, give

chest thrusts

Continue giving sets of __ back blows and __ abdominal thrusts until the adult or child can cough, cry or speak, or they become unresponsive.

5

When using an AED, what is very important to do while the AED is analyzing?

Interview bystanders while the AED is analyzing

How long should you wash your hands when using soap and water?

At least 20 seconds

When giving chest compressions to an adult, what is the correct compression depth to use?

At least 3 inches

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care? Select 2 answers.

Avoid touching other surfaces. Wash your hands after taking off your gloves.

Chest compressions

- person is on flat surface - kneel beside them, knees shoulders apart - heel of hand and interlace them so that fingers are off of chest - lock elbows, shoulder directly over - a depth of at least 2 inches and a rate of between 100 and 120 compressions per minute, or one about every half second - allow chest to return to normal position

5 things to remember for high quality CPR

-100 to 120 per minute -Compression depth: at least 2 inches -Chest position between compressions:returns to normal position -Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to:less than 10 seconds -Breaths: last about 1 second; chest begins to rise

when giving CPR to an infant

-Place the fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipple line. -Compress the chest straight down and fast, at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. -Let the chest rise completely before pushing down again. -tilt head to neutral position

After the shock is delivered (if advised), you should continue giving CPR until which of the following? Select 6 answers.

-You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing. -The AED prompts you to analyze again. -Another trained responder is available to take over compressions. -EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person. -You are alone and too tired to continue. -The scene becomes unsafe.

An infant is defined as someone under the age of

1

When giving chest compressions to an infant, the rate is the same as for a child and an adult. However, what is the correct compression depth to use?

1.5 inches

When giving high-quality CPR, you should minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100 to 120

high fever in younger than 3 mo

100.4 /38

high fever in younger than 2 years

102.5/ 39.2

sugested amount of sugar for diabetic attack

20g adult 15g sugar

CPR cycles

30 compressions, 2 breaths, smooth transition, interruption less than ten seconds

signs of shock

A rapid, weak heartbeat Rapid breathing Pale (grayish), cool, moist skin Changes in levels of consciousness ranging from unresponsive to confused, restless or irritable Nausea or vomiting Excessive thirst

What is it important to do between giving the first and second breath?

Allow the chest to fall and the air to exit

If the chest does not rise on the first breath, and you reopen the airway and give a second breath and the chest still does not rise, what might be a reason?

An object might be blocking the airway.

Joe knows based on Nick's answers during the interview and by what he observes that he should complete a focused check where on Nick?

C: Right arm and elbow

3 steps if you think someone is in cardiac arrest

Call or instruct someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately and get the AED and first aid kit. Begin CPR immediately. Use an AED as soon as possible.

What is the third and final emergency action step?

Care

signs of opioid overdose

Decreased breathing effort, for example, breathing slowly and perhaps only a few times a minute Unresponsiveness Bluish or greyish colored skin Cardiac arrest

When you check a responsive person who does not have a life-threatening emergency, what should you do after asking them questions about their signs and symptoms, allergies and medications/medical conditions?

Do a focused check

FAST {stroke}

F: Facial drooping (Nasal folds) A: Arm weakness S: Slurred speech T: Time-call 911 asap (3-4hrs)

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR, give continuous breaths at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute. True or False?

False - If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR (chest compressions with breaths), give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.

To giver breath w face shield

First, place the face shield over the person's face, ensuring the one-way valve is over their mouth. Open the airway to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique. Pinch the nose shut, take a normal breath and make a complete seal over the person's mouth. Allow the person's chest to fall and the air to exit while you take another breath, make a seal and give a second breath. First, place the face shield over the person's face, ensuring the one-way valve is over their mouth.

What should Joe do once he has determined that the scene is safe?

Form an initial impression, obtain consent to care and use PPE.

After Gary gives 30 chest compressions, what is the best next step?

Gary gives 2 breaths after giving 30 chest compressions ----------------------- After giving 30 chest compressions, the next step is to give 2 breaths.

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to give breaths during CPR, what is the best action to take?

Give 30 chest compressions and ask a bystander to give 2 breaths

As Gary gives compressions, how should he maintain his body position to ensure he continues to give effective compressions?

His shoulders should remain directly over his hands with his arms straight and elbows locked, so he can use his body weight to help compress the chest.Gary's shoulders directly over his hands, arms straight and elbows locked ----------------------- Correct body position when giving effective compressions consists of shoulders positioned directly over hands with arms straight and elbows locked. This position allows the use of body weight to help compress the chest.

signs of anaphylaxis

History of an allergy Signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., hives, nausea, vomiting) Swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips Trouble breathing Shock A change in responsiveness

After delivering the shock, what should Gary do next?

Immediately resume CPR ----------------------- After delivering a shock, immediately start CPR beginning with compressions.

how do oyu care for heatstroke

Immerse the person up to their neck in cold water, if you can safely do so. If you can't immerse the person in cold water, apply cold, wet clothes or towels to the skin, then apply ice packs and fan the person. Watch for changes in the person's condition.

Where do you place AED pads?

In an adult, one AED pad must be placed on the upper right side of the person's chest and one must be placed on the lower left side of the person's chest.

What is your risk of catching a disease when giving first aid care?

Low Risk

signs of head, spinal, or neck injury

Mechanism of injury Change in behavior or mental status (e.g., unresponsiveness, confusion, stumbling, repeatedly asking the same questions, memory loss, nausea or vomiting, or speech problems) Head, neck or back pain or a visible injury Loss of sensation or movement Seizures Crying Inability to do activities that the person could previously do

When interviewing the person to find out more information, it is important to ask specific questions. The mnemonic SAM should be used to help you remember to ask those questions. Which of the following are topics covered by SAM? Select 3 answers.

Medications and medical conditions Signs and symptoms Allergies

When giving breaths to an adult, use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to open the airway to which of the following positions?

Slightly past-neutral

How do you give back blows?

Position yourself to the side and slightly behind the choking person. 2Place one arm diagonally across the person's chest. 3Bend the person at the waist so that their upper body is as parallel to the ground as possible. 4Firmly strike the person to give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Each back blow should be separate from the others.

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a co-worker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 9-1-1 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible?

Put on latex-free disposable gloves.

When giving compressions, how should the first aid responder position their body and arms?

Shoulders directly over the hands and elbows locked

What is SAM

Signs, symptoms Allergies Medication, Medical Conditions

When giving CPR to a person and waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, a bystander tells you to stop, saying, "it's no use and that looks hard." You continue because you know that is not a reason to stop CPR. True or False?

True ----------------------- When giving CPR to a person, you should continue until you notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing; the AED prompts you to analyze again; another trained responder is available to take over compressions; EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person; you are alone and too tired to continue; or the scene becomes unsafe.

Which of the following would indicate cardiac arrest?

Unresponsive/ Unconsciousness Not breathing or only gasping

You are placing AED pads on a person in cardiac arrest. What is the correct placement for the pads?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit ---------------------------------------------------------- Place one pad on the upper right side of the chest and the other on the lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit as this is best position for delivery of the shock to the heart.

What is the best approach to lowering the risk for infection when giving first aid care?

Wash ya hands for at least 20 seconds, IF not available, use alcohol based hand sanitizer

signs of asthma attack

Wheezing or coughing Rapid, shallow breathing or trouble breathing Being unable to talk without stopping for a breath in between every few words Anxiety and fear Change in behavior, including being unresponsive Sweating

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

hat age do you not use pediatric aed pads?

above 8 or more than 55 lbs

Naloxone for

an opioid overdose

Epinephrine for

anaphylaxis

How do you get someone in recovery position?

arm closest above head roll person so head rests on extended arm bend knees to stabilize the body

Quick-relief (rescue) medications for

asthma

call step includes

calling 9-1-1 and getting the AED, a first aid kit and, if necessary, a bleeding control kit or telling someone to do so.

If the chest does not rise after a couple breaths

cardiac arrest due to choking most likely

Three steps to emergency first aid

check, call, care

Sugar or glucose tablets, gel or liquid for

diabetes

When placing pediatric AED pads on an infant, you should use which of the following pad placements?

front and back

If CPR cannot be performed,

give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute after calling 9-1-1.

When drowning is the suspected cause of CA, first ____ before CPR cycles

give two initial breaths

Aspirin for

heart attack

what is your risk of catching an infection during first aid?

low risk

recovery position

lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position

A person in cardiac arrest is

not responsive, not breathing (or only has gasping breaths) and has no heartbeat.

When giving breaths keep airway in--

past neutral position, do not push head down

If exposed to bodily fluids/blood:

report incident and contact healthcare provider

During an emergency, what should you check first?

safety of the scene

A child is defined as

someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys (usually around the age of 12). When giving care, follow child techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

If more than one trained person is there for CPR

switch every 5 cycles/about every two minutes

adolescent is defined as someone from

the onset of puberty through adulthood. When giving care, follow adult techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.

When using the encircling thumbs technique to give compressions to an infant, you would position your hands in which of the following ways?

thumbs front handds encircle back

When and Why do we do recovery position?

unresponsive and breathing or responsive but not fully awake, used to lower risk of choking and aspiration

What could point towards an emergency

unusual noises, odors, appearances/behavior

Components of High-Quality CPR

• Compression rate: 100 to 120 per minute • Compression depth: at least 2 inches • Chest position between compressions: returns to normal position • Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to: less than 10 seconds • Breaths: last about 1 second; chest begins to rise ----------------------------------------------------- • Compress the chest hard and fast • Allow complete recoil after each compression • Chest compressions should be interrupted 10 seconds or less • Switching providers every 2 minutes or every 5 compression (if unable to determine exact time) cycles improves the quality of chest compressions • Continue CPR while the defibrillator charges