American Revolution9/13/19

Name TWO of the writers mentioned in the video that helped to create the "Social Contract Theory." Locke & Newton Hobbes & Calvin Galileo & Locke Hobbes & Rousseau

Hobbes & Rousseau

Which philosopher believed that ALL men were entitled to equal rights and that government should be built around the will of ALL people? John Locke Thomas Hobbes Thomas Jefferson Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world." - from The Declaration of Independence This phrase from The Declaration of Independence and its primary author Thomas Jefferson can be used to justify which statement? A) Jefferson thought this document could be used in his defense were he put on trial for treason. B) Jefferson knew that the colonists' actions would have an international impact. C) Jefferson believed that a Bill of Rights was necessary in the new government. D) Jefferson was trying to show the King that the colonists were intellectuals. Eliminate

Jefferson knew that the colonists' actions would have an international impact.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass [sic] our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power" - from The Declaration of Independence

King George III

1. The "Social Contract Theory" originated in the __________. Enlightenment Era Italian Renaissance Scientific Revolution Protestant Reformation

Enlightenment Era

At the Second Continental Congress, what was one of the slogans of the Patriots in their support of pursuing American independence? A) "Long live the King!" B) "No Salutary Neglect!" C) "We Want Virtual Representation!" D) "No Taxation without Representation!" Eliminate

"No Taxation without Representation!" was one of the phrases that Patriots supported. They believed that Great Britain should not tax the Colonies without providing the opportunity for colonists to participate in governing themselves.

Definition: This African American is is believed to be the first person killed by British soldiers during the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Crispus Attucks

This was an act passed by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, declaring the thirteen American Colonies independent of British rule. Example: It was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson.

Declaration of Independence

Parliament had prevented colonists having jury trials in many legal cases. This issue was addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the ___ Amendment. 2nd 4th 5th 8th

5th

Definition: Before she became the second "First Lady" of the United States, she urged her husband to "remember the ladies" when helping draft the Declaration of Independence and consider the needs and rights of women as well as of men in forming the new country.

Abigail Adams

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Declaration of Independence.

Which of these was a common slogan associated with the American Revolution? A) "Remember the Maine!" B) "Remember the Alamo!" C) "Fifty-four forty or fight!" D) "No taxation without representation!"

Although each of these was a famous slogan during some point in American history, "No taxation without representation!" was heard around the colonies in the years leading up to, and during, the American Revolution.

"They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us." Patrick Henry "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech March 23, 1775 The likely audience Patrick Henry's speech is intended for is A) British soldiers. B) American Indians . C) American colonists. D) French mercenaries.

American colonists.

The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement? A) Realism B) Humanism C) Enlightenment D) Existentialism

Enlightenment

Definition: This was the Virginia site of Cornwallis's surrender in the American Revolution.

yorktown

Which of these took place as a result of the end of the American Revolution? A) The country of Canada gained independence. B) The control of Florida was given back to Spain. C) The United States gained access to all lands west of the Appalachians. D) The United States received all of the former British lands in North America.

As a result of the end of the American Revolution, Great Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States, but a great deal of territory changed hands, too. The U.S.'s western-most boundary was set at the Mississippi River, meaning the British lost all rights to those lands. They did maintain control of Canada, though. All of this was product of 1783's Treaty of Paris. However, in a separate agreement between Britain and Spain, the control of Florida was given back to Spain from the British. Controversy over the Florida territory would build between the U.S. and Spain over the next three decades.

Major Foreign Figures of the Revolutionary War Figure Nationality Contributions Thaddeus Kosciusko Polish Helped plan measures to defend the Continental Congress; served as the chief of the engineering corps; led armies Marquis de Lafayette French Served with George Washington; convinced Louis XVI to send French troops; trapped the British and forced them to surrender at Yorktown Casimir Pulaski Polish Served as a general and the chief of the colonial cavalry; formed the Pulaski Legion and defended the city of Charleston Count de Rochambeau French Commanded the French army; joined with George Washington to defeat the British at the Battle of Yorktown Based on the chart shown, which foreign figure played the GREATEST role in helping the Americans achieve victory in the Revolutionary War? A) Casimir Pulaski B) Thaddeus Kosciusko C) Count de Rochambeau D) Marquis de Lafayette

Based on the information in the chart, it is clear that Marquis de Lafayette played the most important role in aiding American victory. Lafayette's efforts to convince the French to send troops were critical to the outcome of the war. Without French troops, the Americans might not have defeated the British.

Definition: This is the American Revolution event that took place on December 26, 1776 after General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, boosting the Continental Army's morale.

Battle of Trenton

John Adams (Massachusetts) Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania) Thomas Jefferson (Virginia) Robert Livingston (New York) Roger Sherman (Connecticut) On June 11, 1776, these men were chosen to write a document that would create a document that eventually became known as the Declaration of Independence. What was the name of this group? A) Sons of Liberty B) Committee of Five C) First Continental Congress D) Committee of Correspondence

Committee of Five

Definition: He was one of the writers and signers of the Declaration of Independence, the first Vice President, and the Second U.S. President. Example: He was the first President to have been a Vice President.

Correct Answer: John Adams

Question: Describe the "natural rights" that the Declaration of Independence states all people have and cannot be taken away by the government. You MUST use complete questions in your answer.

Locke wrote that all individuals are equal in the sense that they are born with certain "inalienable" natural rights. That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are "life, liberty, and property."

"For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury...." - From The Declaration of Independence Each phrase from this section of the Declaration of Independence begins with the word 'for', which is referring to the actions of A) Parliament. B) King George III. C) the Navigation Acts. D) the First Continental Congress.

Parliament

This is the name given to a legislative body- such as that in Great Britain- that is usually led by a Prime Minister. Example: In Britain, this group passed the Intolerable Acts that angered American colonists before the Revolutionary War.

Parliament

Locke believed that the duty of government was to protect people's Life, Liberty, & ____. Happiness Love Money Property

Property

During the era of the American Revolution, Samuel Adams' major influence was in A) leading colonial forces at Yorktown. B) writing the Declaration of Independence. C) being the president of the Continental Congress. D) organizing protests against the British Sugar Act and Stamp Act. Elim

Sam's second cousin, John, was part of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence, while both of them signed the document. Sam's major role prior to that was organizing protests against the British Sugar Act and Stamp Act and in support of ideals such as freedom and liberty.

The __________ was responsible for drafting the Declaration of Independence. US Constitution Albany Plan of Union Second Continental Congress Committees of Correspondence

Second Continental Congress

Definition: This is an agreement between the governed and the government defining and limiting the rights and duties of each. Example: Rousseau's Enlightenment philosophy

Social Contract Theory

The second part of the Declaration of Independence BEST exemplifies the __________. Division of Powers Separation of Powers Natural Rights Theory Social Contract Theory

Social Contract Theory

This African-American was killed in the Boston Massacre in 1770 and bears the distinction of being the first martyr of the American Revolution. Who was he? A) Nat Turner B) Austin Dabney C) Denmark Veasey D) Crispus Attucks

The African-American who was killed in the Boston Massacre in 1770 and bears the distinction of being the first martyr of the American Revolution was Crispus Attucks. During the violence in Boston, five Americans were killed and six were mortally wounded. Attucks was the first one killed; he took two bullets in the chest.

"We must indeed all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately." Benjamin Franklin Which of these is an accurate conclusion based on his statement? A) Benjamin Franklin wanted to hang traitors. B) Benjamin Franklin was loyal to the British. C) The American colonies should all sign the Declaration of Independence. D) Benjamin Franklin did not want to sign the Declaration of Independence.

The American colonies should all sign the Declaration of Independence.

"Man... hath by nature a power ... to preserve his property - that is, his life, liberty, and estate - against the injuries and attempts of other men." - John Locke, 1690 John Locke's views would play a DIRECT role in the creation of which document? A) The Bill of Rights B) The Albany Plan of Union C) The Articles of Confederation D) The Declaration of Independence Elimi

The Declaration of Independence

The navigation of the river Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, shall forever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain and the citizens of the United States. -Article 8 of The Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 Which number on the map MOST LIKELY represents the subject of Article 8 in the Treaty of Paris (1783)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

The Mississippi River, located at number 3, represents the subject of Article 8 in the Treaty of Paris. This treaty ended the successful American Revolution. It also established the borders following the revolution.

The Treaty of Paris of 1783 A) ended French colonial holdings in North America. B) eventually became a major cause of the Mexican War. C) granted the United States independence from England. D) ensured Loyalists would not be compensated for their lands.

The Treaty of Paris of 1783 granted the United States independence from England. The French actually benefited from the Treaty, and while they did aid the U.S. in its fight for independence, the French did not become permanent allies with the U.S. as a result of this agreement.

The Marquis de Lafayette is best known for his involvement in which event? A) giving away secrets to the Germans in World War II. B) his role in the XYZ Affair with the French government. C) fighting for the United States in the American Revolution. D) leading the French Resistance to aid American pilots in World War II. Eliminate

The aristocratic, young (19 years old!) French soldier not only trained colonial troops but was also fighting for the United States in the American Revolution. After the war, Lafayette returned to France where, eventually, he was a leader in that country's revolution.

The primary goal of the people who began the American Revolution was A) to establish a new economic elite in North America. B) to establish the world's first democratic government. C) to achieve the rights they felt the British had been denying them. D) to make legally binding the concepts of equality and liberty for all in the colonies. Eliminate

The thought of a democracy was not the primary motivation for those who began the Revolution. They yearned to regain the rights they felt the British had been denying them , and they hoped to start a new government based mainly on the British style of government, but with a few obvious changes.

Who wrote Leviathan, detailing his ideas about a "State of Nature"? John Locke Thomas Hobbes Thomas Jefferson Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Thomas Hobbes

Rights stated in English Common Law and the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence. Commonly described as fundamental rights not given or taken by man.

Unalienable Rights

Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

a belief in the natural rights of citizens

The British Crown had prevented colonists from appointing their own judges. This issue was addressed in the U.S. Constitution by creating __________. checks and balances a separation of powers Congressional oversight a ban on cruel punishments

a separation of powers

Definition: He was a German military officer who fought in the Continental Army in the American Revolution.

von Steuben