Anatomy 5, Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following pairs is not correct?

A) crural - leg B) celiac - head (B) C) cervical - neck D) costal - ribs

Physical trauma to a body organ is known as blunt trauma. Organs in which body cavity account for most blunt trauma injuries?

Abdominal cavity

Which of these carries out the commands of a homeostatic control center?

Effector

Which of these statements best describes an element?

An element is composed of identical atoms

Proximal means "farther from".

False

Which of these body parts is distal to the crural region?

Tarsal region

Regarding directional terms that describe the positions of body structures, which of the following is correct?

The ears are lateral to the nose.

Anatomists continue to discover new anatomical features of the body.

True

Assimilation is the passage of substances through various body membranes.

True

Foods are substances that supply the body with chemicals (nutrients).

True

Which of the following is not descriptive of the anatomical position?

Which of the following is not descriptive of the anatomical position?

Interest in the study of the human body was first stimulated in human beings by

a concern with illness and injury

Removal of products not needed by the body is known as:

excretion

The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body is controlled by:

heat

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region.

hypogastric (pubic)

Which statement best describes energy?

it does not have mass or occupy space

If an atom has 10 electrons in its valence shell, how will it interact with atoms of a different element?

it will give away 2 valence electrons to the other atoms

Which of these is an organ of the urinary system?

kidney

Which of the following is not a part of the integumentary system?

mediastinum

A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

polar covalent bonds

What subatomic particle or particles have a mass of 1, a charge of +1, and are located in the nucleus of an atom?

proton

The most abundant chemical in the body is

water

If the effectors that regulate body temperature do not function correctly, which of the following will not occur?

sweat glands increase perspiration or shivering begins

Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?

the electrons are shared unequally

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

the outermost electrons

The mediastinum is within the

thoracic cavity

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?

thoracic cavity

The ______ and ______ planes through the thoracic cavity show portions of both lungs.

transverse and coronal

Choose the best description for the term molecule.

two or more atoms combined chemically

The system that is mostly known for excretion is the

urinary system

Which of these planes would show the heart, lungs, and liver in the same section?

Frontal (coronal) plane

How do ions form ionic bonds?

Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges.

All matter consists of elements. The greatest part of living matter is organized using only four elements. Which of the following elements does NOT make up the bulk of living matter?

Iron

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?

Organ system level

Which of these terms refers to a body area found on the dorsal surface?

Popliteal

Which of these describes the effect of a negative feedback mechanism?

Reduces the intensity of the initial stimulus

Which system is most dependent on a normal atmospheric pressure?

Respiratory system

Choose the correct example of positive feedback.

Something that reinforces or strengthens the original stimulus like labor pains.

Which of these is an example of physiology?

The liver produces many of the blood proteins.

The brachial region is found in the

arm

In a covalent bond,

atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called:

metabolism

The self-initiated change in an organism's position or travel from one place to another is:

movement

What necessary function does muscle contraction contribute to the human body?

movement

Absorption occurs when:

nutrients move from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

Reproduction and growth are synonymous.

False

Sagittal planes divide the body into superior and inferior portions.

False

The spinal cord is anterior to the heart.

False

The systems involved with absorption are the digestive system and urinary system.

False

When the body needs to conserve heat, blood vessels in the skin surface dilate.

False

Which of these is an example of kinetic energy?

skeletal muscles contracting as a person lifts weights

Calcium's atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?

+2

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

1. Axillary armpit 2. Tarsal ankle 3. Deltoid curve of shoulder 4. Antebrachial forearm 5. Femoral thight 6. Sural calf 7. Coxal hip 8. Inguinal groin 9. Brachial arm 10. Crural leg

The studies of form and function in the human body are easily separated, as there is little relationship between the two concepts.

False

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

1. Endocrine system: Glands secrete hormones to regulate other structures 2. Digestive system Breaks down food for distribution by blood to the body's cells 3. Muscular system Movement of the body as a whole 4. Urinary system Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and disposes of them in the urine 5. Lymphatic system Picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood 6. Integumentary system Excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings.

1. In a cell membrane, the polar heads of phospholipids are in contact with water-based solutions, meaning they are hydrophilic. 2. The central organelle of a cell is called the nucleus. 3. Many chemical reactions, called dehydration synthesis reactions, occur by removing water. 4. In a cell membrane, the fatty acid tails of phospholipids are hidden inside the membrane away from water, meaning they are hydrophobic. 5. While a dipeptide has two amino acids, a polypeptide has many.

Match these prefixes, suffixes and roots to their meanings.

1. The root word nuc- means "center." 2. The root word hydr- means "water." 3. The root word -phob means "fear" or "sensitivity to" something. 4. The root word poly- means "many." 5. The root word -phil means "attraction" or "loving."

What is the number of neutrons in an atom with atomic mass of 35, three energy levels, and 7 valence electrons?

18

To accurately describe body parts and position, we must have an initial reference point and use directional terms. To avoid confusion, we always assume that the body is in a standard position called the anatomical position.

Anatomical position: Feet slightly apart, palms facing anterior, standing erect, anterior body view, and thumbs lateral. NOT anatomical position: Sitting down, feet together, palms facing posterior, thumbs medial, and posterior body view.

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________.

Anatomy

What is the most accurate description of C6H12O6?

C6H12O6 is a compound.

What organ system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed by the body?

Digestive system

_________ are described as groups or layers of cells that have common functions.

Tissues

Changes away from the body's normal set point are corrected by positive feedback mechanisms.

True

Chemicals are made up of smaller structures called atoms, and atoms can combine to form molecules.

True

Knowledge of the human body began with observations of the effects of injuries and wound healing.

True

Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called homeostasis.

True

Organelles are structures within cells that perform specific functions.

True

Support and movement are accomplished by the skeletal and muscular systems.

True

The axial portion of the human organism contains the arms and legs.

True

The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are the transport systems of the body.

True

The large intestine is located in both the pelvic and abdominal cavities.

True

Which nitrogen-containing base is found only in RNA?

Uracil

A compound is defined as __________.

a molecule composed of two or more elements

The spleen is located in the

abdominal cavity

What organic molecule provides an immediate source of chemical energy within all cells?

adenosine triphosphate

What is an ion?

an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)

In a healthy person, homeostasis means that internal body conditions

change around the set point

In maintaining homeostasis, the feedback to the control center is triggered by

changes away from the set point

Melanin is a protein pigment that protects us from ultraviolet radiation. What level of structural organization is the classification of melanin?

chemical level

In the human body, the most complex level of organization is the:

organ system

If a person is stabbed in the abdomen, which of the following structures did the knife penetrate first?

parietal peritoneum

Which of the following is visible when viewing the anterior of a human body in anatomical position?

patellar region

What is the main type of lipid found in cellular membranes?

phospholipids