Anatomy

Dense connective tissue contains fewer cells and less ground substance than loose connective tissue

True

Each spermatid contain 23 chromosome. t/f

True

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both produced by adrenal medulla. T/F

True

Growth of a bone in length is known as interstitial growth. T/F

True

peroxisomes

contains enzymes that detoxify harmful materials

Which of the following would not be a cause of conduction deafness?

damage to hair cells in organ of Corti

Which of the following is the correct of the small intestine as food pass through.

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect flow of blood into the

efferent arteriole

The ability of muscle to snap back to its original form after being pulled put is referred to as:

elasticity

The structures that draw an ovulated oocyte into the female duct system are

fimbrae

The connective tissue sheet that envelopes bone and is attached to its outer surface is called _____.

periosteum

Which organelle in the cell contains catalse to break down H-2 O-2

peroxisome

The organ of for hearing is located in the semicircular canals.

Falses- Coclea

All of the following are examples of connective tissue:

osseous, cartilage, blood, dense fibrous. Not nervous.

Which of the following types of epithelium is located in areas subject to wear and tear?

simple cuboidal

The bulbourethral gland produce an acidic solution that aids in maintaining the life of the sperm.

False

The crown of t he tooth is the portion below the gum line. t/f

False

The nephrons of each kidney are located entirely within the medulla. t/f

False

The falciform ligament connects the stomach to the small intestine. t/f

False -

Phagocytosis means "cell drinking" T or F

False - "devour" "Cell"

The sense of olfaction is relayed to the cranial nerve #2, the olfactory nerve. t/f

False - #1

Development of blisters following exposure of the skin to heat is indicative of a first-degree burn

False - 1st, Redness Pain Swelling, 2nd - Blisters 3rd. - damage to nerves

In Adult, there are 36 teeth. T/F

False - 32

Fertilization normally occurs near the infundibulum of the fallopian tube. t/f

False - Ampulla

Groups of nerve fibers that are entirely motor in function are called dorsal roots. t/f

False - Anterior Root

Cones are photoreceptors that are sensitive to color.

True

Cytosol is an example of intracellular fluid

True

Which one does not adduct the scapula?

serratus anterior

Muscles that originate at the ribs:

serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and scalenes.

The dark region in a sarcomere is the A band. T or F

True

The digestive system is drained by the hepatic portal system. t/f

True

The main function of rods is:

vision in dim light.

Meningitis may be caused by either bacterial or Viral. t/f

True

Parasympathetic effects are more localized and specific than sympathetic effects.

True

Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS. t/f

True.

Filiform papillae of the tongue have no taste buds. t/f

True.

Lymphatic vessels, like veins, contain one-way valves.

True.

Larynx - AKA

Voice Box

The hamstrings act to flex the leg. t/f

True

The kidneys are considered to be retroperitoneal organs. t/f

True

The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle. T/F

True

The dorsal root ganglion contains:

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Axon - Pic

cell body, Cell body, myelin sheath, nucleus of Schwann Cell.

Sural

Calf

Which layer of the uterus is sloughed off during mentruation.

Endometrium

Define "anatomy" Exact Definition

The structure of the body

Intercalated disk found:

cardiac muscle

Testosterone is to the male as which of the following is to the female:

estrogen.

Number of phalanges in one hand is?

14

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31

Foot skeletal pic?

5th proximal phalanx, 3rd cuneiform, first metatarsal

The average blood pH is:

7.35 -7.45

Choroid plexus are found in:

All ventricles. laterl, third and forth.

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:

Anteriorly

The anterior pituitary does not secrete:

Antidiuretic hormone. It does secrete gondatropin, growth hormone, TSH, FSH.

Picture of basement membrane between epithelial tissue and a connective tissue.

Apical surface, lateral surfaces, Basal surface, Reticular Lamina/Basal Lamina, Connective Tissue.

Mammary gland pic

Areola and lactiferous sinuses

The hardness of bone is due to the mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The tensile strength of bone is due to organic molecules such as collagen. T/F

Both statements are true.

Adipose Tissue:

Brown fat in-fants to regulate their temperature, CT with very little matrix, around organs and hypodermis, provides insulation and padding. (False - type of fat stored in the fat vacuole is cholestrol)

Which muscle below flattens the cheeks as in whistling?

Buccinator

Epithelial tissues can be classified into various categories according to:

Cell shape and number of layers.

Epithelium?

Cells junctions are plentiful and are replaced continuously by mitosis, arranged in single or multiple

The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follows:

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system

Eye Pic -

Choriod layer, lens, ciliary muscle, vitreous humor

Prophase:

Chromosomes line up a the equator of the cell and chromosomes supercoil and become visible in the light microscope.

The four basic types of tissue in the body are:

Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ____ suture.

Coronal

Which of the following tissues is an avascular connective tissue?

Elastic Cartilage

Exocrine glands secrete hormones

F - Endocrine

A mature follicle is known as the secondary oocyte. t/f

False

A person with type O blood can receive blood from type A or type B blood. t/f

False

All cells of the body have at least on nucleus

False

Ovarian follicles are located in the medulla of the ovary. t/f

False

Rheumatiod arthritis is more common than osteoarthritis. T/F

False

All of the frontanelles are closed by 20 months.

False - Anterior fontanel - 24 months, Posterior Fontanel - 12, Anterolateral Fontanel - 3, and Posteriorlateral 2 months

Ligaments connect muscle to bone.

False - Bone to bone

The appendix is attached at the bottom of the descending colon.

False - Cecum

The lymphatic system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues. T/F

False - Circulation System

When the ventricle contracts during systole, the SL valves are closed. t/f

False - Closed during relaxing

Elastic cartilage is the strongest type of cartilage

False - Fibro cartilage

The outer layer of the heart is called the visceral pericardium. t/f

False - Fibrous pericardium

Spinal cord ends at the level of T12. t/f

False - L2

Bile is produced primarily in the gallbladder. t/f

False - Liver

The renal pyramids are located in the cortex of each kidney.

False - Medulla

Differences in skin color are mainly due to the number of melanocytes in the epidermis. T or F

False - Melonin

Diaphragm separates the abdominal and pelvic cavities

False - No, but the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by the diaphragm

The trachea is supported by C shaped rings that have the open side on the anterior aspect of the trachea.

False - Opening on posterior

In all isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens.

False - Stays the same.

An example of a synarthrosis is the knee joint. t/f

False - Synovial Joints/diarthrosis - one is fixed and the bone moves around the axis

The trachea extends down to level T-8 before ti become the R & L B primary bronchi. t/f

False - T5

Tendons connect to bones. t/f

False - Tendons connect to muscles and Ligaments contect bone to bone.

The triceps brachii inserts into radius. T/F

False - Ulna

Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if bone tissue is injured. t/f

False - Whole life

Descending tracts carry sensory information to the brain.

False - away from the brain.

Goblet cells are specialized in columnar epithelial cells with an increased surface area that helps to increase the rate of absorption

False - increase secretion rate and store mucin

Albinism is caused by a total lack of melanocytes

False - melanin pigment

The most abundant white blood cells are eosinophils. t/f

False - neutrophils

Active Bone cells which produce matrix are known as osteocytes . T/F

False - osteoblasts

Protein molecules form the basic framework of the plasma membrane. t/f

False - phospholipids

CSF circulates in the ventricles of the brain and in the subdural space outside the brain.

False - subarachnoid space

When a muscle a contracts the orgin moves toward the insertion. t/f

False - the insertion (or movable bone) moves toward the Origin

The bulk of the diencephalon is formed by the hypothalamus

False - the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.[1]

Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if a bone tissue is injured. T/F

False - whole life

In passive processes, substance move across the plasma membrane. T/F

False -Down (or along) pressure gradient

Epimysium surrounds skeletal muscle cells within fasicles. t/f

False -Endomysium - surrounds Muscle fiber cell.

The connective tissue found on the articular surface at the end of a bone is called endosteum.

False -Periosteum

The hamstrings insert on the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. t/f

False -Tibia and Fibula

All connective tissues are highly vascularized

False- Vasculare to highly vascular

The right lung has 2 lobes, while the left lung has 3 lobes.

False.

The trigeminal nerve is a motor nerve only.

False.

The "white of the eye" is the cornea. T/F

False. Sclera

ACTH is also referred to as vasopressin.

False.adrenocorticotropic.and vasopressin is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What type of cell in areolar connective tissue is responsible for producing the fibers found in the inetercellular ground substance.

Fibroblast

The primary flexors of the wrist include which of the following muscles?

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.

Nail Doral - Pic

Free edge, nail body, lunula, eponychium, nail root

Premotor area

Frontal

Brocas (motor speech) area -

Frontal hemisphere

Stomach Pic

Fundus, Rugae, Pyloric, Pylorus, pyloric spinchter

Which fracture would most likely be seen in a child?

Greenstick

The acidic contents entering the small intestine are buffered by:

HCO3 in pancreatic juice

Abnormal yellow tint skin color?

Juandice

Thoracic Vertebrae - Pic

Lamina, facet for rib, transverse process, superior articular facet

What type of epidermal cell found in the epidermis senses light touch?

Merkel (Meissner's) Cells

Function of Blood:

Nutrient and waste transport, prevent of fluid loss, maintenance of constant pH levels, transport of gases. Not production of hormones.

Which of the following is a muscle of the scalp with tow bellies separated by a broad, tendinous sheath?

Occipitofrontalis

The cranial nerve 3 is:

Oclomotor- motor for eye

Nerve Pic - 1-12

Only Optimistic Octopus TenticalsTry and Feel very good vaginal accessible hymen. Ofactory, Optic, Olomotor, Troclear, Trigeminal, abdunces, facial, vebibulocochlear, glossophayangeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Electro PQRS -

P-Q-R-S- T

Receptors for pressure located in the skin are:

Pacinian corpuscels

Vertebral - Pic - Histology

Posterior Grey horn, Central Canal, Anterior median fissure, Denticulate ligament, Anterior (Ventral Root),

The brachialis does which of the following:

Pronate the forearm

Which muscle originated off the pubis, inserts into the xiphoid process and flexes the spinal column?

Rectus abdominis

Hearts natural pace maker?

SA Node

Which of the following is the Correct conduction pathway of the heart?

SA node - atria - AV node - bundle of his - right and left bundle branches - Purkinje fibers - ventricles

A _____ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side

Sagittal

SLUDD -

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestive, and not denegration.

Which of the following is responsible for myelination of PNS axons?

Schwann Cells

Hair/Skin Pic

Shaft, Sebaceous glans, arrector pilli muscle, Papilla of the hair,Bulb,

Which of the following is NOT a head of the triceps brachii?

Short. Triceps have lateral, long, and medial.

The inability to secrete mucous and absorb digested nutrients might indicate a disorder which tissue

Simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following muscles elevates the hyoid?

Stylohyoid

nucleoli

Site of RNA synthesis

Gastrin is secreted to the

Stomach

Epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. Deepest to most superficial?

Stratum Corneum, basale, lucidum (only in thick skin), spinosum, and stratum granulosum.

What term best describes the position of the nose as compared to the lips

Superior

Define "Physiology"

The Function of the body

Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?

Thymus and Red Bone Marrow

This type of cell junction would be found between epithelial cells lining the stomach or urinary bladder where they prevent fluid from passing between the lining cells

Tight junctions

Which cell membrane junctions adheres to the cell to the basement membrane?

Tight junctions

Cervical C2-C7 - Pic

Tranverse foramen, Superior aticular facet, Lamina, Vertebral foramen, Bifid Spinous process.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Triglyceride storage.

A colles' fracture involves the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius). T/F

True

Active Transport of molecules across cell membranes requires adensosine triposphate (ATP) for energy. T/F

True

Bone matrix contains crystallized menieralized salts called hydroxyapatite.

True

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release Ach.

True

Hormones released from the ant. pituitary include, growth hormone, prolactin follicle, stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. T/F

True

Interstitial Cells in the testes produce testosterone. t/f

True

Mast cells are the cells primarily responsible for the production of histamines.

True

Pepsin is involved in protein digestion. T/F

True

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US men.

True

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells

True

Reticualr tissue forms the stroma of organs such as spleen

True

Stratified squamous epithelium sometimes contains the protein keratin, which makes it hard, tough, and dry. T or F

True

Tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue. T or F.

True

The afferent arteriole takes blood to the renal corpuscle. t/f

True

The apex of the heart points at the left hip. t/f

True

The capitulum of the humerus is lateral to the trochlea. t/f

True

The long head of the triceps brachii splits the teres minor and teres major and it runs through the back of the arm and shoulder. t/f

True

The lymphatic vessel walls are thinner and have more valves than veins. t/f

True

The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible. T/F

True

The patellar region is superior to the tarsal region. T or F

True

The primary functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. t/f

True

The serous membrane associated with the lungs is called pleura. T or F

True

The skin is supplied with two arterial plexus called the papillary plexus and the cutaneous plexus

True

The volume of blood is an average female is 4-5 liters.

True

Thin filaments in a myofibril are composed of action. t/f

True

Vesicles exit the golgi appartus from the cis face

True

ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete cortisol for stress reactions. t/f

True.

Perineurium is deep to the epineurium. t/f

True.

The anatomical neck of the humerus is proximal to the surgical neck.

True.

The arcuate line of the ilium is continuous with the pectineal line of the pubis. t/F

True.

The digestion of food is controlled by the parasympathetic division of the ANS. t/f

True.

The urethra of females is shorter than the of males.

True.

The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve. t/f

True.

Upon sympathetic stimulation the pupils of the eyes dilate.

True.

What part of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna?

Ulnar notch

The usual site of embryo implantation is the:

Uterine tube - Fallopian Tube

During Q,S,T -

Venctricles are repolarizing atria are depolarizing.

How are Anatomy and physiology related

When the structure of the body (Anatomy) move it automatically effects the the function (Physiology)

Damage to the ____ nerve, could result in defects of eye movement.

abducens

Which of the following is a vascularized tissue?

adipose tissue

Which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? (3)

adipose tissue, reticular tissue, areolar tissue.

Epinepherine is secreted by:

adrenal medulla

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is located where the DCT contracts the

afferent atreriole

Nephron pic

afferent atreriole, interlobular artery, ascending limp, collecting duct

Anterior aspect of the elbow

antecubital

Capillaries receive blood directly from

arterioles

The fluid-filled central cavity of a mature ovarian follicle is the :

antrum

What is a symptom? What is a sign?

anxiety. A sign is objective evidence of disease; it is something that can be seen or measured. A symptom is subjective evidence of disease; it is a feeling people other than the patient cannot see/feel it

The free surface of a cell is referred to as the ____ surface.

apical

The cessation of stoppage of breathing is called:

apnea

Which type of exocrine glands are portions of cells containing secretions pinched off from the main cell body?

apocrine glands

What term means programmed cell death that is orderly and doesn't damage surrounding cells?

apoptosis

Contraction of the ____ can cause goose bumps.

arrector pili muscle.

Neuron Pic -

association neuron, efferent neuron, effector, recepter region, afferent neuron

The most numerous of the neuroglia are:

astrocytes.

Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"?

biceps femoris and semitendinosis

The arm

brachial

The central nervous system contains which of the following?

brain and spinal cord

Sequence of Lungs to Aveoli

bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Which is mitotic spindle?

centrioles

In the circulaiton of CSF, where would it go immediately after leaving the third ventricle.

cerebral (midbrain) aqueduct.

Gustatory cells are stimulate by:

chemicals in solution

The secretion of saliva secreted by:

chewing, odor of food, chemicals in mouth, mental pics of food.

As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squieexed and mixed with gastic juice, it is converted into semifluid consistency called:

chyme

How is blood prevented from backing up into the left atrium from the left ventricle?

closing of mitral valve, bicuspid

Which of the following would best describe the pathway of light through the eye.

cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous humor - retina

Failure of one or both testes to descend is known as:

cryptochordism

The function of calcitonin is:

decrease levels of calcium in bone.

Which of the following joints have the most movement?

diiarthrosis

Sympathetic Stimulation?

dilation of pupil, bronchodilation, contaction fo arector pili muscle, and increased heart rate and not digestive secretion.

Micturition refers to:

emptying the bladder

The membranous labyrinth of the inner ear is filled with:

endolymph

The arcosome releases

enzymes the help sperm penetrate the egg

Which of the following forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

ependymal cells

Dermal papillae form at the junction between:

epidermis and hypodermis

What keep food from entering the trachea?

epiglottis

Which of the following in not a type of fiber typically found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

epithelial fibers

Picture of Nail - Saggital pic

eponychium, nail bed, nail root, nail matrix, Nail Body, hyponychium, Free edge, lunula

Anterior muscles - pic

external oblique, linea alba, rectus femoris, gracilis.

Which of the following is the correct order from largest to smallest starting with fasicle.

fasicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

Blockage of the canal of Schelemm might result in which of the following?

glaucoma

Scapula. Lateral to the spine, inferiro to the acromion, posterior to the coracoid process, proximal to the head fo the humerus.

gleniod cavity.

In the glomerular capsule, one afferent arteriole, divides into a capillary network.

glomerulus

A cell is identified or recognized as "self" or "non-self'by its:

glycocalyx

An elevation on the surface of the cortex is called a:

gyrus

The flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast (sternum) is?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following contributes to a pink coloration of the skin?

hemoglobin

Which of the following is a characteristic of red muscle fibers (and gives them their color)?

high myoglobin concentration

All three type of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in which of the following tissues?

hyaline cartilage

The posterior pituitary is governed by which of the following?

hypothalamus

What 3 parts fuse to make the acetabulum?

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Which of the following control head and neck movements in response to auditory stimuli?

inferior colliculus

Face Skeletal pic?

infraorbital foramen, mental protuberance, vomer

Commonly referred to as the groin

inguinal

Hair Transverse Section pic

inside - out. Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle of hair, internal root sheath, external root sheath

extracellular fluid includes all of the following:

interstitial fluid, plasma, and lymph. Does not include cytosol.

If part of the name of a muscle is major it means the muscle:

is the largest group of similar muscles.

Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle:

is the movable point of attachment of a muscle and attached a muscle to bone or skin.

Which stratum is not found in the epidermis of the scalp?

lucidum

What part of the brain has been referred to as the "emotional viceral brain" ?

limbic system

Reabsorption occurs in Kidney in

loop of henle

Sequence of Bowmans Capsule, PCT

loop of henle, DCT, collecting duct

When the A-V valves close, they make the sound

lubb

What 3 parts fuse to make up the sternum?

manubrium, xiphoid process, and body.

Which of the following is true of the distal end of the tibia?

medial malleolus a the distal end

Which of the following hormones produced by pineal gland plays a role in regulating body rhythms?

meletonin

Menstrual cycle in 3 continuous phases.

menstrual, proliferative, secretory

Basal cell carcinoma rarely ____ .

metastasizes

The brain stem consists of the following from superior to inferior.

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.

Dudenuem -pic

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Which one is correct about a sacomere? All

muscle fiber contains myofibrils and thick and thin filaments, sacromere extends from one z disc to another z disc.

Side skeletal face pic -

nasal bone, zygomatic arch, styloid proecess

Tarsal bone has:

navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

nephron

Back of head

occipital

Visual area -

occipital

Ethmoid bone:

olfactory foramina, crista galli, perpendicular plate, cribiform plate and not have inferior nasal conchae

A triad is an association of ____.

one T-tubule and two terminal cisterns.

Face muscle pic?

orbicularis oculi, nasalis, depressor labii inferioris, temporalis

Which muscle below closes the lips and puckers the lips as in kissing?

orbicularis oris

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that develop directly from ____.

osteoblasts

Cananiculi allow nutrients to diffuse to these mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon.

osteocytes

The corpus luteum is formed at the site of

ovulation

Somatic sensory area -

parietal hemisphere

Pic

parotid gland, sunmandibular gland, pancreas, rectum

The ____ literally (gentle mother) is a delicate membrane closely attached to the brain and spinal cord.

pia mater

Used to name muscles, which one is incorrectly matched?

platys-circular

Which of the following is the anatomical term for the back of the knee

popliteal

Cerebral arteries pic

posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery, superior sagittal sinus,

Golgi apparatus

prepares cellular production for transport out of the cell

A hormone is a chemical that:

produced by living cells, distributed by blood or lymph, regulates metabolic activities, sexual maturation. all of the above.

The most important hormone in initiating and maintaining t lactation after birth is:

prolactin

The region of the stomach that connects to the small intestine is the:

pylorus

Which of the following is found on the anterior surface of the humerus?

radial fossa

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

ribosome

Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth enoplasmic reticulum in that it has ____ associated with it, therefore rough endoplamic reticulum assists in the production and tempory storage of ____.

ribosomes, proteins

Liver/Pancreas, Small intestine - Pic

right hepatic duct, cystic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla, pancreatic duct, common hepatic duct

Pelvis Pic -

sacral ala, ant. sup. iliac spine, ant. sacral foramen.

Male reproductive pic

seminal vesicle, epididymis, testes, glans penis, prostate

The type of tissue that lines the stomach and intestines is:

simple columnar epithelium

mitochondria

site of ATP production

Which of the following structures vibrates onto the oval window?

stapes

Tropic hormones:

stimulate hormone secretion by other endocrine glands.

An epithelium has several layers. The top layer is composed of flattened cells, whereas basal layer is columnar cells. Choose all terms that would be used in naming this tissue. (2)

stratified epithelium, and Squamous

The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

stratum corneum

The gallbladder

strores and concentrates bile

Between the pia mater and arachnoid mater is the:

subarachnoid space for the flow of CSF.

Depression of the clavicle is accomplished by the contraction of the:

subclavius

Which of the following has sympathetic postganglionic fibers that serve both the head and the heart.

superior cervical ganglion

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:

supination

The epinephrine and norepinephrine secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of:

sympathetic stimulation

ejaculation of the penis results from:

sympathetic stimulation

During what stage mitosis is he cleavage furrow very well evident and cytokinesis finishes?

telophase

Auditory region

temporal

Auditory area -

temporal hemisphere

Hearing is associated mainly with which lobe:

temporal lobe

Surgically cutting the frenulum would affect

tongue

The epithelium of the urinary bladder that permits distension is:

transitional

cytosol

transport of substance between organelles

Which of the following muscles is antagonist to the biceps brachii?

triceps brachii.

What are the tree structural classifications of neurons?

unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons.

The trigone is a region of the:

urinary bladder

What passes through the tranverse foramen in a cervical vertabrae?

vertebral artery

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region" This means?

was stuck on the chin.

Pulls the corner of the mouth lateral and upward as in smiling?

zygomaticus major