Anatomy & Physiology 101 Chapter 13 The Brain, Cranial Nerves and Sensory and Motor Pathways

the adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue

97 percent

which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders", that is, innervated throughout the theorize and absomen

X

_________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior

a seizure

which of the following help to protect the brain

blood-brain barrier; the bones of the skill; the cranial meninges; the CSF all of the above

higher-order functions

can be adjusted over time; involve complex interactions; combine both conscious and unconscious info processing; all of the above

which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier

capillary endothelial cells; it is generally permeable; astrocytes surround; it is absent in portions of hypothalamus; all of the above

identify the structure labeled 10 (circulation of CSF)

central canal

the presence of many large, highly-batched purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicated that it came from the

cerebellar cortex

overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cerebellum

a neural cortex is found on the surface of the

cerebral hemisphere AND cerebellum

nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

cerebral peduncles

what is produced by the structures labeled 2 (circulation of CSF)

cerebrospinal fluid

the highest levels of information processing occur in the

cerebrum

identify the structure labeled 7 (circulation of CSF)

dura mater

the dural sinuses are located in the

dural folds

each lateral ventricle communicated with the third ventricle through a(n)

interventricular foramen

a tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with he hypothalamus is the

fornix

the ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is that

fourth

which of the following is NOT a property of the limbic system

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold water

the cardiovascular reflexes are based in the

medulla oblongata

the control of art and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata

joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. imaging results indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disordered. in what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located

hypothalamus

the __________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems

hypothalamus

the floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus

the third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the

mesencephalic aqueduct

the cerebellum and pons develop from the

metencephalon

the tract that links the cerebellum with he pons is the

middle cerebellar peduncle

as you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the function of each successive level become

more complex AND less crucial to visceral function

after suffering a blow tot he back of the head, phil loses his vision. the blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

the visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

drropy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve

oculomotor

the sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is

olfaction

what is the function of the structure labeled 7 (cranial nerves)

olfaction

olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapses the neurons in the

olfactory bulb

the brain requires substantial blood supply. the vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

internal carotid arteries AND vertebral arteries

damage tot he premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

play the piano

the tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

pons

which of these is NOT one of the main divisions of the adult brain

prosensephalon

the basal nuclei

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking

the typmpanic reflex

restricts the movement of the auditory ossicles

hyddrocephalus or "water on the brain" may

result from excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid OR result from blockage of circulation of CSF

what contains a spiderweblike network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows

subarachnoid space

examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigments cells. this tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra

which antibiotic enters the CNS without difficulty because it easily crosses the blood=brain barrier

sulfadiazine

the tectum of the mesencephalon contains the

superior and inferior colliculi

the ___________ receive visual input from the lateral geniculates

superior colliculi

cerebro spinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

superior sagittal sinus

ependymal cells work to

surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus; secrete CSF into the ventricles; remove waste products from CSF; all of the above

there are ______ pairs of cranial nerves

12

the choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about

500mL/day

the cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

III, IV, VI

a person with a damaged visual association area may be

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words

the general interpretive area

allows us to interpret what is read or heard

the ___________ isolated at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus

amygdaloid body

identify the structure labeled 3 (circulation of CSF)

aqueduct of midbrain

identify the structure labeled 8 (circulation of CSF)

arachnoid granulation

the white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae

the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

are located in the medulla oblongata AND relay somatic sensory info to the thalamus

the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

are part of the limbic sysem

__________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read

asphasia

cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinated motor response are called

association

the cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS endothelial cells are the

astrocytes

the cerebrum can be permanently damaged by a stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. the resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

ataxia

at the optic chiasm

axons from the nasal halves of each retina cross

within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle you will find the

basal nuclei

___________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve

bell palsy

the medulla oblongata regulates

blood pressure AND respiration

the corpus callous is composed of

commissural fibers

the medial nuclei of the thalamus

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe

which of the following is (are) true of the epithalamus

contains the choroid plexus and the pineal gland AND forms the roof of the diencephalon

the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

control feeding reflexes

which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies

control reflex of eating, process olfactory info; located in posterior hypothalamus; shaped like little breasts; all of the above

a reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the _______ reflex

corneal

gustatory information reaches the brain by way of

crainial nerve IX

which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem

diencephalon

as CSF circulates, __________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma

diffusion

a(n) __________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time

electroencephalogram

specialized ______ cells form the secretory component of the shored plexus

ependymal

what is the function of the structure labeled 10 (cranial nerves)

eye movement

the dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called

falx cerebri

which of these dural folds is mismatched with its location

falx cerebri; transverse fissure

bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knock unconscious. when he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. this implies damage tohis

general interpretive area

which of he following is NOT a component of the limbic system

globus pallidus

which sensations does the vestibulocholear nerve carry

hearing AND equilibrium

what is the function of the structure labeled 4 (cranial nerves)

hearing and balance

the _________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories

hippocampus

which of the following is NOT one of the basal nuclei

hippocampus

a patients develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. which cranial nerve is affected

hypoglossal

parkinson disease is the result of

inadequate production of dopamine by substantial nigra neurons

stimulation of the reticular formation results in

increased consciousness

excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to

increased muscle tone

the medulla oblongata relays auditory info to the

inferior colliculi

the reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. which nuclei accomplish this

inferior colliculi

the region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal love is the

insula

___________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech

integrative

cerebrospinal fluid

is secreted by ependymal cells

males brains are typically _______ compared to female brains

larger

cerbrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the

lateral and median apertures

the optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the

lateral geniculates

the superior border of the temporal lobe is marked by the

lateral sulcus

after suffering a stroke, mary find that she cannot move her right arm. this would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ______ lobe

left frontal

the putamen and globes pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivision of the

lentiform nucleus

terry suffers from dissociate of memories from their emotional content as the result of an auto accident. what system of the brain is probably damaged

limbic system

divisions of the cerebral hemisphere that are names after the overlying skill bones are

lobes

the two cerebral hemisphere are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

sensroy innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the _______ nerve

mandibular branch or the trigeminal

the _________ relay auditory information tot he auditory cortex

medial geniculates

autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

there cerebral area of posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe

the region of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the

parietal love; frontal lobe

damage to the substansia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. this causes s gradual. generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom

parkinson disease

the layer of meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

pia mater

what structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain

pia mater

the sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ____________ and ___________

precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex

the region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

prefrontal cerebral cortex

the primary motor cortex is the surface of the

presental gyrus

the surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the _________ cortex

primary sensory

which of the following is a function of the thalamus

process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

which of the following is a function the hypothalamus

produces ADH, controls autonomic centers; regulates body temperature; secretes oxytocin; all of the above

the internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of

projection fibers

which of the following is NOT a faction of cerebrospinal fluid

provides ATP for impulse transmission

the __________ integrate(s) sensory information for projection the the cerebral cortex

pulvinar

the posterior nuclei of the thalamus include that

pulvinar; lateral geniculate; medial geniculate; A B & C

damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to

react to a bright light

the ventral nuclei of the thalamus

receive input from basal ganglia, receive input from cerebellum receive general sensory input, A B & C

the regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that a affect upper limb position and back ground muscle tone are the

red nuclei

damage to the pre optic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem

reduced ability to regulate body temperature

the pons contains

sensory and motor nuclei; nuclei concerned with control of respiration; tracts that link cerebellum; A B & C

the thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the

septum pellucidum

you suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food

increased production and release of acetylcholine by the neurons of the cerebral nuclei would result in

spastic, uncontrolled muscle contractions

integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. these complexes influde

speech, writing, mathematical computation, understanding spatial relationships; all of the above

during embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will from the cerebrum

telencephalon

the auditory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe

sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus

the ________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

thalamus

the respiratory rhythmicity center is located in

the medulla oblongata

if the corpus callosum is surgically cut,

the two cerebral hemisphere operate independently, symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear; objects touched by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified; conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side; all of the above

difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between evens may stem from damage to

there prefrontal cortex

jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled, her dentist must number the _____ nerve

trigeminal

the cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal

what is the function of the structure labeled 11 (cranial nerves)

trigeminal

difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)

vagus AND glosspharyngeal

absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the

venous circulation

jane suffered from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callous are cut. as a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

verbally identify an object place in her left hand

the cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

vermis

what is the function of the structure labeled 5 (cranial nerves)

visceral sensation and motor control

damages to corpora quadrigemia would interfere with

viscual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

voluntary motor activity

which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscles