Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1, 2, and 3 Homework

What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?

alkaline solution

According to the Cell Theory, which of the following statements is incorrect ? All cells come from pre-existing cells. All vital processes in an organism occur at their cells. All organisms are made of multiple cells. All vital functions of an organism occur within its cells.

all organism are made up of many cells

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?

to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs? -to serve as extra tissue for blood flow to the organ -to provide a protective outer covering for the organ -to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall -to provide passage of nutrients for the organ tissues

to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

In leukemia, an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells can also mean __________. that healthy blood cells will die sooner overproduction of normal blood cells too few normal blood cells more reactive white blood cells

too few normal blood cells

Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials? endoplasmic reticulum nucleus ribosome lysosome

lysosome

Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells?

microscopic

Osmotic pressure is measured in units of _______. mM/min mM/sec ml/min mm Hg

mm Hg

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle? electron molecule neutron proton

molecule

Which of the following is located in a median position? mouth Right foot shoulder lung

mouth

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Na+ CO2 O2 small lipids

na+

Which of the following is not a passive process? Na+/K+ pump oxygen diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion of glucose

na+/k+ pump

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities?

nervous and endocrine

Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?

neutrons

Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements? nucleus electrons protons neutrons

nucleus

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

outermost electrons

Which of the following is not a compound? carbon dioxide water methane (natural gas) oxygen gas

oxygen gas

Part complete Which of the following is NOT correct for anatomical position? Arms fully extended Palms facing inward towards the thighs Legs are straight with toes aimed forward Nose facing forward

palms facing inward toward thighs

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?

phosphate heads of phospholipids

Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane that creates a physical barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell? water proteins cholesterol phospholipids

phospholipids

Part complete A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

polar covalent

Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else? View Available Hint(s) oxygen polar covalent bonds ionic bonds water

polar covalent bonds

Part complete The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____. facilitated diffusion secondary active transport primary active transport simple diffusion exocytosis

primary ative transport

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?

proteins

When your biceps brachii (upper arm) muscle contracts, ultimately and most directly, what is producing the movement?

proteins within cells

Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?

receptor

With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a physiological value to the set point or normal limit.

returns

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell? plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleus ribosome

ribosome

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions?

sagittal region

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions? oblique section sagittal section transverse section coronal section

sagittal section

You have been asked to teach the principles of CPR to a group of teens training to be lifeguards. You use a diagram of the thoracic cavity to help you explain how chest compressions can maintain circulation. Which view of the chest would best illustrate this point?

sagittal view

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? semipermeable impermeable not permeable fully permeable

semipermeable

What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond?

sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? high temperature higher concentration of molecules small concentration gradient small molecule size

small concentration gradient

Part complete Which of the following organelles is correctly paired with its function? lysosome: protein synthesis smooth endoplasmic reticulum: metabolism of lipids Golgi apparatus: produce energy for the cell mitochondrion: packaging proteins and lipids

smooth er- metabolism of lipids

Consider sweetened ice tea. Which of the following is a solute? sugar ice the beverage itself water

sugar

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles?

superficial

The knee is proximal to the ankle. Which of these other terms could also be used to correctly describe the relationship between the knee and the ankle?

the knee is superior to the ankle

The superscript preceding each hydrogen atomic symbol (H) represents which of the following?

the mass number of the corresponding atom

Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?

axial

Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head? appendicular axial coronal superior

axial

The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. True False

true

Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Part complete Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? cellular energy selectively permeable membrane concentration gradient water

cell energy

What can we infer if we see a large number of mitochondria in a cell? The cell builds a lot of cholesterol. The cell packages a great deal of proteins for secretion. The cell has a great metabolic demand. The cell produces a great deal of protein.

cell has great metabolic demand

Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in a ______

covalent bond

Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest? View Available Hint(s) hydrogen, covalent, ionic ionic, hydrogen, covalent covalent, ionic, hydrogen hydrogen, ionic, covalent

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Part complete Which of the following statements is true? Endocytosis and exocytosis are passive transport mechanisms. Exocytosis involves infolding of the plasma membrane. During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside. Unlike endocytosis, exocytosis does not rely on protein interactions with the plasma membranes.

during exocytosis substances from inside the cell are moved outside

What holds the sodium and chloride ions together in a chemical bond?

electrical attraction between opposite charges

Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis? Tonicity has no impact on homeostasis. Extracellular fluid should be hypotonic to intracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid should be hypertonic to intracellular fluid.

extracellular fluid should be isontic

Part complete A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____. exocytosis facilitated diffusion endocytosis simple diffusion active transport

facilitated diffusion

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____. active transport facilitated diffusion exocytosis simple diffusion endocytosis

facilitated diffusion

Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells. true or false

false

Channel-mediated diffusion is a form of active transport. True False

false

true or false A coronal section divides an organ into superior and inferior portions.

false

true or false Atomic weight is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

false

true or false Nonpolar molecules are the result of unequal electron pair sharing.

false

true or false The serous membrane is a double-layered membrane created by two separate membranes.

false

true or false Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells.

false

Which of the following statements about osmosis is FALSE? It is a type of diffusion. It is passive. Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes. It is specific for the movement of water.

water moves toward the solution

If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true? Osmosis will not occur. Water will move away from the concentrated solutes. Water and solutes will move until equilibrium is reached. Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.

water will move toward the more concentrated solutes

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback? -shivering to warm your body up in cold weather -reducing of blood sugar by the hormone insulin -forming a platelet plug during blood clotting -withdrawing your hand from a painful stimulus, like a broken glass

forming a platelet plug during blood clotting

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? View Available Hint(s) forming the entire glycocalyx anchoring cells to other structures forming channels acting as receptors

forming the entire glycocalyx

How many hydrogen atoms will a single carbon atom bond with to form a stable molecule?

four

what represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

Which of the following would NOT diffuse through the plasma membrane by means of simple diffusion? oxygen a lipid-soluble vitamin glucose a steroid hormone

glucose

What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?

hydrogen bond

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? hypertonic equilibrium hypotonic isotonic

hypertonic

A Hypertonic solution:_______. will induce cell shrinkage will induce cell bursting will induce no net movement of water will induce cell swelling

will induce cell shrinkage

Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes?

in the DNA

an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s) is __________

ion

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?

8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons

false

A coronal section divides an organ into superior and inferior portions. true or false

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

ATP

Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest. I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen I < II < III I < III < II II < I < III III < I < II

III,I,II

Which body cavity is further separated into other cavities?

thoracic

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

PH scale

You go home for the holidays after your first semester of nursing school, and your grandma tells you that the doctor removed a nevus from her left scapular region. What procedure did she have done?

She had a mole removed from her left shoulder blade.

How would a small, nonpolar molecule likely diffuse across a cell membrane?

Simple diffusion

what is the proper anatomical body position?

The body is erect with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body.

The cranial bones almost entirely surround the brain and protect it. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the cranial bones and the brain?

The cranial bones are superficial to the brain.

Which of the following statements is correct? -The heart is dorsal to the sternum. -The sternum is posterior to the spine. -The sternum is dorsal to the spine. -The heart is posterior to the spine.

The heart is dorsal to the sternum.

Which of the following statements regarding the umbilicus and the chin is true? The chin is caudal to the umbilicus. The umbilicus is caudal to the chin. The umbilicus is superior to the chin. The umbilicus is medial to the chin.

The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.

what is an isotope

a structural variation in which different atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons