Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Which condition is characterized by a congenital defect resulting in failure of the hard and/or soft palate to fuse?

Cleft Palate

The following bones make up the pelvic girdle except which one?

Ischium -Acetabulum Illium Pubis

Which bone articulates with the femur at the knee?

Tibia

Which muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

Tibialis anterior

All of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton except which one?

-Bones of the leg Bones of the neck Bones of the trunk Bones of the head

All of the following are functions of the skeletal system except which one?

-Communication Electrolyte Balance Movement Protection

All of the following are muscles of the back and buttocks except which one?

-Deltoid Trapezius Erector Spinae Gluteus Medius

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is commonly used to diagnose which of the following skeletal conditions?

-Osteoporosis Cleft Palate Osteomyelitis Gout

What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

44-60g

Which statement best describes a short bone?

A bone that is not longer than it is wide.

What is antagonist?

A muscle that has the opposite action

Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?

A muscles response to nerve stimulation is ultimately responsible for conductivity and contractility -All of these answers are correct A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is all or nothing A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is based on the threshold amount of acetylcholine fitting into receptors.

What type of cellular respiration do muscle cells perform when they do not have oxygen?

Anaerobic

In the forearm, all flexors originate where?

At the medial epicondyle of the humerus

All of the following are functions of the sternum except which one?

Attachment point for pectoral girdle Attachment site for ribs A protective plate for heart -A protective plate for the lungs

What must be present for calcium to be absorbed from the small intestine?

Calcitriol

What is a sinus?

Cavities within the bone

Starting at the superior end of the spinal column, name the type of vertebrae in order.

Cervical vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx

Which of the following combining forms mean cartilage?

Chondr/o

Which term describes the ability of a muscle cell to shorten with force?

Contracility

What allows the ribs to attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets

What type of fracture results in the bone being out of alignment?

Displaced

What is a diagnostic test used to assess how the muscle responds?

EMG

When discussing levers in the muscular system, which term does the insertion of the muscle describe?

Effort

What muscle action means to raise the shoulders or close the jaw?

Elevation

Which of the following correctly compares endochondral bone growth and appositional bone growth?

Endochondral bone growth deposits bone at the epiphyseal plate, allowing the bone to grow longer. Appositional bone growth occurs in all types of bone and allows bone to become more massive.

All of the following are muscles of the arm or forearm except which one?

Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachialis Deltoid -Erector spinae

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Frontal

What type of joint is formed by the fibrous ligaments holding a tooth in its socket?

Gomphoses Joint

All of the following are parts of the humerus except which one?

Greater and lesser tubercles Head Capitulum -Styloid process

What type of fracture causes a crack in the bone?

Hairline

What is the function of hydroxyapatite in bone?

Harden the matrix

What muscular disorder is characterized by a part of the viscera protruding through the muscular wall?

Hernia

The gracilis, adductor lungs, and pectineus are synergists that perform what function?

Hip adduction

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

Humerus

Which statement correctly compares isotonic and isometric contractions?

Isotonic contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in movement while isometric contractions involve increased tension in the muscle resulting in no movement.

All of the following statements about the effect of aging on the muscular system are true except which one?

Muscle mass decreases with age. Fat is deposited in muscle tissue and muscle fibers shrink. -Our diet and lifestyle solely determines the rate and extent of muscle loss Some muscle is replaced by fibrous tissue

What muscle action means to bring the thumb to the palm?

Opposition

What is connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle?

Perimysium

What is the term for the main muscle of the synergist to perform the action?

Prime mover

Which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Refractory phase

A person bringing part of the body backward is performing which muscle action?

Retraction

Which of the following combining forms means flesh?

Sarc/o

The muscle cell membrane is called what?

Sarcolemma

What is the most common abnormal curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis

All of the following muscles make up the hamstring except which one?

Semitendinosis Semimembranosus Bíceps femoris -Gracilis

Which of the following lists the number of each type of vertebrae correctly?

Seven (7) cervical vertebrae, Twelve (12) thoracic vertebrae, Five (5) Lumbar vertebrae, One (1) Sacrum, One (1) coccyx

Which type of joint has a joint cavity?

Synovial joint

All of the following bones are found only in the ankle and foot except which one?

Tarsal Metatarsal -Phalanges Talus

What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?

xyphoid process