Anatomy and Physiology Sem. 1 Study Guide

Normal human body temperature is ______ degrees Celsius or ( _____) F.

37, 98

Proteins are synthezised from ________ during synthesis reactions.

amino acids

Which of the following is a protein?

antibody

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ____ surface.

apical

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________

atoms

The building blocks of ALL matter are known as _____________.

atoms

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ____________ system.

cardiovascular

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ____.

codon

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

converts modified epidermal cholesterol to Vitamin D

The only dry membrane is the ____.

cutaneous membrane

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ____.

dense connective tissue

____, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

desmosomes

The _______ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

digestive, urinary

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ______ bonds between carbon atoms

double

The type of gland responsible for body temperature regulation is the ____ gland.

eccrine

The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of _______

electrical energy

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

eliminate nitrogen containing metabolic wastes from the body

"Goosebumps" are caused by contractions of the ____.

erector pili muscles

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ____ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts

exocrine

Cells are the building blocks of all matter.

false

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are ____.

gap junctions

The head of the humerus fits into the ____ of the scapula.

glenoid cavity

Water absorbs and releases large amount of energy before changing temperature, a characteristic known as ________.

high heat capacity

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ____.

impetigo

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ____ fluid.

intracellular

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

ionic bond

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons are known as ______

ions

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ____.

lunule

The three pigments that contribute to skin color are ____, ____, and ____.

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

_________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body.

metabolism

Isotopes have different bumbers of ______; thus they also have different _________

neutrons, atomic masses

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body is a(n) ________

organ

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ____.

osmosis

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________

polysaccharides

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

protein carrier or channel

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of _______ an atom contains

protons

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ____ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior

serous

The epidermis is composed of ____.

stratified squamous epithelium

The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called ____.

stratum lucidum

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________.

surface tension

The ____ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

synovial

The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by __________

synthesis reactions

The building blocks of a triglyceride are ________.

three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ____.

tight junctions

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________

unequal between atoms

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ____.

vernix caseosa

The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the ____ layer.

visceral

The deepest layer of the serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is the ____.

visceral pericardium