Anatomy Chapter 10

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

All act on the tongue.

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles?

An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: A college student told her friend that she was going to the gym to work on tightening her gluteus maximus. Which muscle is she referring to and what is its function?

The muscle she is referring to is the buttock. Its main function is to provide movement for the leg around the hip.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: List and describe the muscles involved in biting and chewing an apple?

The primary muscles of mastication (chewing food) are the temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and masseter muscles.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

The woman is referring to well-developed rectus abdominis muscles on some individual. This is a term coined by bodybuilders and refers to the bulging muscles between the tendinous intersections.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

These are the muscles of the front and sides of the thigh, and include the rectus femoris and the lateral, medial, and intermediate vastus muscles.

________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint.

Triceps brachii

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

an agonist (prime mover)

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

antagonist

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called?

buccinator

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

buccinator

The ________ extends the great toe.

extensor hallucis longus

Which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles?

flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

flexion

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

genioglossus

Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstrings?

gracilis

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

hamstring muscles

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

internal intercostals and rectus abdominus and/or rectus abdominis

Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

latissimus dorsi

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

masseter

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

mastoid process of the temporal bone

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

platysma

Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion?

popliteus

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

quadriceps femoris

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.

rectus femoris

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

synergist

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

the brachioradialis

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

the frontal belly of the epicranius

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

the gastrocnemius

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

the sartorius

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles?

the type of muscle fibers

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

the vastus lateralis

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

thigh adductors

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

tibialis anterior

The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.

transversus abdominis

Which of the following muscles is used to form a smile?

zygomaticus major

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle. What muscles could be affected and what would the effect be?

Biceps femoris and semitendinosus could all be affected. An injury here would make it difficult to run or extend the thigh.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: From superficial to deep, order the transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles. Describe the orientation of the muscle fibers for each of these as well as for the rectus abdominis muscles.

Fibers of the external oblique muscle run downward and medially (like outstretched fingers in pants pockets) and at right angles to those of the internal oblique that runs just deep to it. Under these is the transversus abdominis whose fibers run horizontally across the abdomen at an angle to both oblique muscles. The rectus abdominis muscles run medially from the pubis to the rib cage.

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle."

serratus anterior