Anatomy Exam 1 Connective Tissue

Irregular (dense) CT

- collagen fibers run in many directions to each other (not parallel)

connective tissue

-A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts -keeps you looking young, makes up your skeleton, delivers oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

what are the types of primary cell types and where are they found

-Fibro (ct proper) -chondro (cartilage) -osteo (bone) -adipo (asipose aka fat)

Irregular (dense) CT function and locations

-able to resist strong tensions from different directions -dermis, joint capsules, overlying capsules of kidney and spleen

Elastic (dense) CT function and location

-allows material to stretch and recoil -elastic arteries (aorta)

what are the types of fiber

-collagen (the strongest and most abundant) -elastic (made of elastin which allows them to stretch and recoil) -reticular (short, delicate, spongelike support networks that protect organs

functions of connective tissue

-connects other tissues and organs together (ligaments and tendons) - forms skeleton (bone and cartilage) - carries and stores nutrients (blood, bone, adipose) - supports blood vessels and nerves (loose areolar)

mesenchyme

-embryonic connective tissue that all CT come from -loose and fluid -can be suited any which way and can move from place to place

Cartilage

-firm flexible CT found in many parts of the skeleton -the abundant matrix is mostly water which allows for cartilage to spring back after compression -collagen fibers are thin -not much blood supply so if damaged it may not repair

reticular (loose) CT functions

-forms soft internal skeleton (stroma)

Areolar loose CT location

-found everywhere, most widespread of all CT's -under epithelial tissue -around organs, nerves, blood vessels, surrounds capillaries, btw tissues

unlike areolar, adipose...

-has a little EC matrix -interstitial fluid and EC is not evident -many adipocytes filled with lipids (highly vascular)

Areolar loose CT function

-holding of fluid in ground substance (interstitial fluid/tissue fluid) -serves as packing material around organs -immunity and inflammation (first line of defense against an invading microorganism

main function of brown adipose

-lipids produce heat and is a nutrient consumer -warms blood stream

cyte meaning

-maintaining the EC matrix -mature phase -maintain the health of the matrix built by blasts but can revert back to their immature blast state if they need to repair or regenerate new matrix

reticular (loose) CT

-only contains reticular fibers -forms a 3D network filled with cells

blast meaning

-producing/forming the EC matrix -secretes the ground substance and fibers that form its unique matrix -once done forming their matrix, blast cells transition into a mature phase

adipose tissue functions

-protects organs, energy source

Regular (dense) CT functions and locations

-provides strength in one direction -tendons and ligaments (have a limited blood supply so are slow to heal)

Regular (dense) CT

-regular because collagen fibers run parallel to each other which provides strength in one direction

what are the three common factors that all CT have that sets them apart from other tissue types

1. share a common origin -all develop from the mesenchyme 2. have different degrees of vascularity or blood flow -some have blood vessels and others dont 3. mostly composed of non living material (extracellular matrix)

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a real disorder. Which of the following do you think is the best literal translation of the name? A. Fibers of bone continue to grow B. Displaced connective tissue continues to grow C. Bone breaks down into fibers D. Fibers are replaced by bone tissue E. Progressive displacement of bone

D. Fibers are replaced by bone tissue fibro=fiber dysplasia=abnormal growth of cells or tissues ossificans=bone formation

T or F tendons are made of dense elastic CT so after being stretched they can return to normal length

False tendons are made of dense regular CT

_____________ : Collagen and elastic fibers are arranged parallel to one another, which allows it to withstand forces coming from one direction.

Regular connective tissue

T or F blood cells do not produce the liquid part of blood

True -they carry gasses and are involved in defense and clotting -plasma (the liquid in blood) comes from the GI tract

Immune and inflammatory responses are more pronounced in tissues that are highly vascularized. Select ALL of the tissue that would be vascularized. a. adipose CT b. skeletal muscle c. hyaline cartilage d. stratified squamous epithelium e. simple cuboidal epithelium f. areolar CT

a. adipose CT b. skeletal muscle f. areolar CT

The hypodermis is a layer deep to the skin that has a high concentration of adipocytes (fat storing cells). The hypodermis is an example of ___________

adipose connective tissue

The papillary layer of the dermis is a supporting layer just below the epithelium of the skin and is highly vascularized. The papillary layer is an example of ____________

areolar connective tissue

____________ : Contains collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers and is able to hold lots of fluid within the extracellular matrix

areolar connective tissue

____________, ___________, ____________: Belong to the category of loose connective tissues

areolar, adipose, reticular

which of the following is involved in the formation of cartilage a. chondrocyte b. chondroblast c. osteoblast d. osteoclast

b. chondroblast

John sprained his ankle and it became swollen. where was the edema most likely occurring a. inside the ligaments b. in the interstitial space of loose areolar ct c. in the storm formed by reticular fibers

b. in the interstitial space of loose areolar ct

where do chondrocytes live a. in the lacunae found in bone b. in the lacunae found in cartilage c. in the central canal of the osteon

b. in the lacunae found in cartilage

where is brown adipose located

between shoulder blades, anterior of neck, and anterior of abdominal wall

ligaments connect _________ to bone

bone

clast meaning

breaking down the EC matrix

Rosie asks her doctor whether lupus will have a widespread or merely localized effects within her body. What would you expect the physician to answer? a. Localized effect only because connective tissue proper is limited to regions around joints, so only joints will be targeted b. Widespread effects because lupus is a virus that travels via the blood stream and can consequently get anywhere in the body c. Widespread effects because connective tissue proper is found throughout the body, and these tissues are a primary target of lupus d. Localized effect only because connective tissue proper is primarily associated with the skin, and inflammation and rashes will be limited to areas near the skin Submit

c. Widespread effects because connective tissue proper is found throughout the body, and these tissues are a primary target of lupus

where does cartilage connective tissue come from

chondroblast ----> chondrocyte ------> cartilage

types of bone (osseous) CT

compass bone and spongy (cancellous bone)

____________ : Collagen and elastic fibers are irregularly arranged, allowing it to withstand forces coming from many directions.

dense irregular connective tissue

why is blood considered a connective tissue

develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells surrounded by nonliving matrix (plasma)

There is a layer of the aorta that allows this large artery leaving the heart to recoil after blood surges through it. This layer would be an/a ____________

elastic connective tissue

_____________ : Mostly composed of elastic fibers that allow for recoil of the tissue after they have been stretched

elastic connective tissue

Elastic (dense) CT

elastic fibers dominate not a lot of extracellular material

what is an example of proper connective tissue

fat -provides insulation and feel storage. holds kidneys in place, etc

what provides support and structure throughout the GS?

fibers

where does connective tissue proper come from

fibroblast--> fibrocyte----> proper

_________ are a cell type that are found throughout connective tissue proper

fibroblasts

what is the extracellular matrix composed of

ground substance and fibers

where does blood come from

hematopoietic stem cell ----> blood cell and macrophages -----> blood

types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

adipose tissue location

hypodermis, visceral fat, around highly active organs (heart/kidneys)

a splinter that swells/ redness occurs in the ___________ where the immune system is attacking the splinter bc its a foreign body

interstitial fluid

The reticular layer of the dermis is a deep layer of skin that has many collagen fibers that resist forces coming from many directions. The reticular layer is an example of _____________

irregular connective tissue

______________, _____________, ___________: Belong to the category of dense connective tissues

irregular, regular, elastic

connective tissue proper types and their subtypes

loose -areolar -adipose -reticular dense -regular -irregular -elastic

adipose CT is a subtype of

loose areolar tissue

reticular (loose) CT location

lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

connective tissue properties are largely due to its ______

matrix

why is brown fat (adipose) brown in color

mitochondria and blood vessels

which of the following is not a type of CT a. adipose b. cartilage c. muscle d. blood

muscle

where does bone come from

osteoblast -----> osteocyte ----> bone

4 major types of connective tissues

proper, cartilage, bone, blood

what is the main anchor of the ground substance?

proteins called proteoglycans (each one sprouts long starchy strands called glycosaminoglycans)

Tendons are formed of lots of collagen fibers running parallel to one another connecting muscle to bone. Tendons are an example of ______________

regular connective tissue

The medulla of lymph nodes creates a network of fibers that immune cells can adhere to as they help filter our lymph. This medulla is an example of ____________

reticular connective tissue

__________ : Primarily contains reticular fibers that form intertwined networks of fibers to which cells can attach

reticular connective tissue

tendons connect ___________ to bone

skeletal muscle

what makes the ground substance flexible?

starch/protein molecules

main function of white adipose

store lipids as nutrients, ATP

macrophages

the guard cells that protect your CT eat bacteria, foreign materials, dead cells

what produces the extracellular matrix for a given connective tissue? what is the exception?

the primary cell type produces the EC exception is blood

Cartilage function and location

to support ends of bones

function of blood

transports hormones, nutrients, and other materials throughout the body

What is ground substance?

unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and protects them from their surroundings - varies with the tissue -in CT proper and cartilage it is jelly like -In blood it is fluid -in bone it is mineralized

most fat is white or brown

white (turns yellow over time because of pigment carotene)

what are the two types of adipose tissue

white and brown