anatomy exam 2 - CCC BIO 20

Name the parts of the multipolar neuron in order of polarity

1) Dendrites 2) Cell Body 3) Axon Hillock 4) Trigger Zone 5) Axon 6) Axon Terminal 7) Synapse 8) Second Neuron or Effector 9) Demyelinated neurons of the Brain & Spinal Cord 10) Neuron of the Brain

What do skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue share in common?

Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues consist of striated muscle cells.

What do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?

Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another

Which of the following is responsible for preventing a muscle from contracting?

Calcium ions are removed from the sarcoplasm by active transport.

How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar?

Cells of both the nervous system and the endocrine system release chemicals to communicate with cells.

T or F The thyroid parafollicular cells produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

False

role of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the regulation of blood glucose

Glucagon is a hormone that works with other hormones and bodily functions to control glucose levels in the blood

Which of the following cranial nerves is associated with your sense of smell?

I

During an action potential, hyperpolarization is caused by:

K efflux

Stimulates secretion of testosterone by testes:

Luteinizing hormone

Which posterior pituitary hormone helps to stimulate contraction of the uterus and also milk let down?

OT

Myelin sheaths within the PNS are formed by

Schwann cells

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

Smooth muscle cells contain actin and myosin

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the sliding filament mechanism?

Thin filaments slide past thick filaments towards the M line

Triceps brachii and biceps brachii perform opposing actions and are classified as:

antagonists

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Which neuroglial cell helps form the blood-brain barrier?

astrocyte

Involuntary control of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands is provided by the __________

autonomic nervous system

What part of the neuron is a process that can generate and conduct action potentials?

axon

Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb?

brachial plexus

Which of the following are organs of the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

What kind of muscle cell is characterized by involuntary control and has a striated or banded appearance?

cardiac

What neurohormones are released from the adrenal medulla?

catecholamine

Which of the following is concerned with the coordination of skeletal muscles and the maintenance of normal muscle tone?

cerebellum

Binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptors opens __________ channels on the __________ membrane.

chemically gated; postsynaptic

Ciliated ependymal cells:

circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere:

controls the motor activity on the left side of the body.

The tapered, inferior portion of the spinal cord is the:

conus medullaris

Binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor causes the membrane to _________

either depolarize or hyperpolarize

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after extension is:

elasticity

Connective tissue covering individual nerve fibers is the:

endoneurium

Which of the following cells secretes CSF into the ventricles of the brain?

ependymal cells

The sympathetic division of the ANS releases which of the following neurotransmitters to effectors?

epinehrine

characteristics of muscle tissue

excitability contractility extensibility elasticity

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of ventilation, or breathing?

external oblique muscle

Aldosterone regulates:

extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels

T or F An exophthalmic goiter is caused by a deficiency of iodine.

false

T or F Pancreatic alpha cells produce somatostatin.

false

T or F The sebaceous glands are examples of endocrine glands.

false

Which muscle is not associated with a movement of the eyeball?

genioglossus

Which pancreatic hormone acts to increase blood glucose levels?

glucagon

Stimulates growth of body cells, especially muscle and bone:

growth hormone

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a:

gyrus

Releasing hormones originate in the:

hypothalamus

Where are releasing and inhibiting hormones made?

hypothalamus

Neurons that relay information within the CNS and are the location of information processing are called __________.

interneurons

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron,

ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open

Bone to bone fibrous connections are called

ligaments

The left and right cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by the:

longitudinal fissure

What is NOT a bone to which the sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached?

mandible

Which neuroglial cell is phagocytic?

microglia

Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________.

myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another

Which of the following proteins is a component of thick filaments?

myosin

Which protein does NOT belong in a thin filament?

myosin

A bundle of axons in the PNS is called __________.

nerve

The tiny gap between a neuron and a muscle cell is known as a:

neuromuscular junction

A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a

neurotransmitter

Which of the following muscles is NOT associated with the mouth?

orbicularis oculi

muscle of facial expression muscle that moves the eyeball muscle used in breathing muscle that moves the arm muscle that extends the crural region muscle that plantar flexes the foot

orbicularis oculi lateral rectus diaphragm deltoid vastus medialis gastrocnemius

The portion of the ANS which promotes secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, salivary glands gastric glands and intestinal glands is the ______________ division.

parasympathetic

The connective tissue layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers (these bundles are called fascicles) is the:

perimysium

With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?

pituitary gland

Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?

pressure

In a synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the __________

presynaptic neuron

What is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe?

primary somatosensory cortex

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is known as the:

sarcolemma

What is the functional contractile unit of the myofibril where muscle tension is produced?

sarcomere

Identify the contributions of the endocrine system to homeostasis

secrete hormones into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis and regulate metabolism. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are the command and control centers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (CNS)?

sensory

Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles

shape, size, fiber direction, location, number of origins or its action

Which of the following is striated and voluntary?

skeletal muscle

The thalamus receives information from all of the following senses EXCEPT for:

smell

What kind of muscle cell is relatively short with a centrally located nucleus and is tapered on both ends?

smooth

What type of hormone is made from cholesterol?

steroid hormone

A cord of connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to the periosteum of a bone is a:

tendon

When the sarcomere contracts and shortens__________.

the A band stays the same

If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside

the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential

A neurotransmitter may have an excitatory or an inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic cell, depending on __________.

the receptor to which it binds

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal

they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron.

Which of the following glands is located in the anterior neck, just superficial to the larynx?

thyroid gland

Which of the following is a primary endocrine organ?

thyroid gland

A muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the

tibialis anterior

Which of the following proteins forms elastic filaments?

titin

Deep inward extensions of the sarcolemma form a tunnel-like network inside the muscle cell known as:

transverse tubules (T-tubules).

T or F The target organs for FSH are both the ovaries and the testes

true

T or F The thyroid hormone, calcitonin, acts to lower blood calcium

true

Which of the following muscles is named using a directional term?

vastus lateralis

The portion of the spinal nerve that contains motor nerve fibers is the:

ventral root

What is the name of cranial nerve VIII?

vestibulocochlear nerve

An action potential releases neurotransmitter from a neuron by opening which of the following channels?

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

The channels that open when the axolemma reaches threshold depolarization are the:

voltage-gated Na ion channels