Anatomy Exam 2 [RESPIRATORY] // Shaw // Endicott College

If a person sustains an injury to the epiglottis, what would be the physiological result?

Air may not be directed into the lungs which would result in breathing problems

A smoker develops damage to several alveoli that then can no longer function. How does this affect gas exchange?

Alveoli are little air sacs that allow for oxygen exchange. When you smoke, you destroy some of these, and they do not grow back

structural features of the trachea?

C-shaped cartilage

How would using a humidifier and drinking more fluids improve the respiratory system?

Moisture of any kind will keep the mucous from getting too thick and dry. Moisture will make the mucous more efficient at trapping germs and make mucous in her lungs and airways easier to cough up.

What do oxygen saturation levels indicate?

Oxygen saturation levels indicate how much oxygen is being carried in the blood. All tissues require oxygen for metabolism, so low levels can be damaging to organs and tissues. Normal range is usually 95-99%.

The space at the back of the mouth, that leads either to the airway or the esophagus is the:

Pharynx

Where are wheezes located

The wheezes will be over the bronchi (medial part of the thorax)

Oxygen from the air enters the blood stream at what location?

alveoli

The trachea leads to the:

bronchii

Outline the steps involved in quiet breathing

diaphragm contracts, external and internal intercostals contract, lung volume increases

Describe three ways in which carbon dioxide can be transported.

dissolved in the blood, bound to hemoglobin's or protein, or converted into bicarbonate

function of external respiration?

gas exchange

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

high; low

Dalton's Law vs henry's law

how gasses move down their pressure differences by diffusion vs how the solubility of gas relates to it's diffusion

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.

hyperventilation

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.

increase in

When the diaphragm contracts, _______ occurs.

inhalation

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.

internal respiration

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?

pulmonary ventilation

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

residual volume

What divides the left and right side of the nasal cavity?

septum

Cricoid cartilage has primary function?

support the trachea

Three steps of respiration

ventilation, external (pulmonary) respiration, internal (tissue) respiration

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.

visceral and parietal pleurae

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?

Ribs and sternum move upward