Anatomy Exam #3 Review

Visceral pain that is sometimes felt in more superficial areas of the body and may travel is called...?

referred pain

What is the largest nerve in the body that is formed from L4-S3 called?

sciatic

You walk into a friends form and it smells horrible. After a while, you dont even notice the smell anymore, what did you experience?

sensory adaptation

The most widely used neurotransmitter in the ANS is...?

ACh

Acceleration of heart rate and increase in strenght of cardiac contractions is the actions of what nervous system?

ANS

What does the central nervous system include?

Brain and spinal chord

What do arachnoid granulations do?

Expel CSF into the venous circulation

Groups of cell bodies on peripheral nerves are found on what structure?

Ganglia

Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells are examples of what kind of cell?

Glial cells

Cranial nerves that innervates the tongue and pharyngeal muscles is the ...?

Glossopharangeal

Which cranial nerves are all responsible for some aspect of eye function?

II, III, IV, VI

What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?

Providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems

What cells are responsible for information processing and transferring?

Neurons

What are the functions of the spinal meninges?

Protect and stablize the spinal chord, assist in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the spinal chord, and absorb shocks to the spinal chord

What unique function of the brain occurs in the postcentral gyrus?

Receive primary sensory information of touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperture

What are neurons that carry information toward the CNS called?

Sensory neurons

What can the golgi tendon apparatus do?

Stop a tendon from rupturing by turning off the muscle that the tendon is attached to

What is the site of production of cerebrospinal fluid?

The choroid plexus

The term "general senses" refers to the sensations of ...?

pain and proprioception, touch, temperture, and pressure and vibration

The CSF produced by the choroid plexus of the brian circulates through what?

The ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

To isolate the CNS from general circulation

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

arachnoid mater

The meshwork of elastic fibers that make the arachnoid matter look "webby" are the _____________?

arachnoid trabeculae

An otolith is made of what kind of crystals?

calcium carbonate

What are spinal nerves extending from the distal to the conus medullaris and look like a horse tail referred to as?

cauda equina

Where do conscious thought processes and all intellectual functions originate?

cerebral hemispheres

What does ependymal cells produce?

cerebrospinal fluid

The red nucleus of the midbrain integrates information between the.....?

cerebrum and cerebellum

Parasympathetic ganglia are located....?

close to the target organ

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system that carry motor impulses to targets in the abdominopelvic cavity synapse in an ...?

collateral ganglion

The clear anteriorly curving bulge of the eye on which a person may put "contacts" is part of the fibrous tunic and is called the ...?

cornea

What is the body surface region monitored by a specific pair of spinal nerves called?

dermatome

Together the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are called the ________?

diencephalon

The extensions of the dura mater that enters the longitudinal fissure is the _______?

falx cerebri

What does the caudal extension of the dura and pia mater that connect to the sacrum and coccyx make up?

filum terminale

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothamus by the ________?

infundibulum

Compounds that diffuse passively across the cell membranes of the cells that form the blood-brain barrier are _________?

lipid soluble

The ventral root of a spinal nerve transmits ___________ information ___________ the spinal cord.

motor; away from

What are the cranial nerves III, IV, and VI?

oculocomotor, trochlear, abducens

What surrounds a bundle of nerves?

perineurium

What does the rate of conduction in a nerve impulse depend on?

the presence or absense of a myelin sheath

The major divisions of the autonomic nervous system include...?

the sympathetic and parasympathetic

What forms the walls of the diencephalon around the third ventricle?

the thalamus

What is an example of receptors that are always active?

tonic receptors

Structurally free nerve endings, root hair plexuses, and tactile discs are refered to as...?

unencapsulated receptors

What are the areas of the nervous system that are dense in myelinated axons refered to as?

white matter