Anatomy Final Exam #4

There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves.

31

Tremor or shaking at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ______.

Parkinson's disease

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ______.

Schwann cells

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerves ________.

X (vagus)

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

a complete loss of voluntary movement

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

all postganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites)

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

arachnoid and pia

Regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are

association areas

The ______ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

autonomic

Spinocerebellar tracts ______.

carry information about positions of bone, joints, muscles

The brain and spinal cord comprise the

central nervous system

The automatic processing center responsible for programming and fine-tuning movements (like playing an instrument) controlled at the conscious and subconscious levels is the

cerebellum

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ______.

cerebral cortex

Bell's palsy is ______.

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of ______.

chemoreceptors

Postganglionic fibers of autonomic neurons are usually

connected to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, and adipocytes

The large white commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ______.

corpus callosum

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive organs

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ______.

dorsal (posterior) horn

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?

femoral

The ______ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are destroyed, the result is widespread amnesia.

hippocampus

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ______.

increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF?

initiation of some nerve impulses

Broca's area ______.

is considered a motor speech area

In general, the nervous system

is fast acting

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ______.

lamellar corpuscles

abducens

lateral rectus muscle of eye

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________.

lateral spinothalamic

The ______ establishes emotional states.

limbic system

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ______.

loss of fine motor control

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ______.

medulla oblongata

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

medulla oblongata

The brain stem consist of the ______.

midbrain, medulla, and pons

If someone spills very hot coffee (200* F) on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain. Which of the following receptor types is causing this sensation?

nociceptors

The visual cortex of the cerebrum is located in the ______.

occipital lobe

A patient is suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors. This patient may have damage to which of the following?

olfactory nerve (I)

accessory

palate, pharynx, larynx, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

An surgeon accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord in the lumbar region of the spinal cord causing

paraplegia

Which of the following is mismatched?

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called

perception

Which structure secretes melatonin?

pineal gland

An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS is called a(n)

preganglionic neuron

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the

primary sensory cortex

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because of

proprioceptors

The fading of a dominant odor some time after one enters a room is an example of experiencing

sensory adaptation

The somatic motor tracts function in the control of

skeletal muscle

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

A shallow groove or indention on the surface of the cortex is called a ______.

sulcus

Which structure(s) control(s) the reflex movements of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual stimuli?

superior colliculi

trochlear

superior oblique muscle

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ______.

sympathetic division

Ruffini corpuscles are examples of ______.

tactile receptors

Gustation refers to the special sense of

taste

facial

taste receptors, lacrimal gland, sublingual glands

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______.

temporal lobe

Second neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate and synapse in the ______.

thalamus

A patient has an injury of the spine and is now suffering from a loss of motor function in his right arm. However, he still has normal sensory function in the arm. Based on this information it is likely that the patient has nervous tissue damage located at ______.

the ventral root located at one or more of the cervical vertebra

A doctor ask her patient to follow the motion of her finger as she moves it up and down, left and right. Which of the following cranial nerves is not being tested?

the vestibulocochlear nerve

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children?

theta

hypoglossal

tongue muscles

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ______.

visceral sensory area

Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?

within spinal cord