anatomy final

motor branch radial branch -> deep branch - > ?

posterior interosseous nerve

what is the purpose of the tensor fascia lat a

improves efficiency of lateral cotractions

In the middle third of the thigh, the superficial and deep femoral arteries are separated by: Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Pectineus Vastus medialis

adductor longus The correct answer is: Adductor longus The femoral artery is superficial to adductor longus, while the deep femoral artery is deep to adductor longus. Since adductor longus is the posterior border of the adductor canal, this explains why the femoral artery is considered part of the adductor canal, while the deep femoral artery is not in the adductor canal. The deep femoral artery runs deep to the adductor canal, but immediately superficial to adductor brevis and magnus.

The femoral artery travels within the adductor canal (Hunter's Canal) to reach the popliteal fossa. Which of the following muscles forms the anterior lateral boundary of the canal? A) Vastus lateralis B) Sartorius C) Vastus medialis D) Adductor magnus

adductor magnus

what two structures run together and transverse the quadrangular space

axilllary nerve and post hmeral circumflex artery

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

bicebs tendon Median nerve Brachial artery

Supination of the hand and forearm would be diminished by loss of radial nerve function. But one very powerful supinator would remain intact and unaffected, namely: Brachialis Brachioradialis Biceps brachii Flexor carpi radialis Supinator

biceps brachii Biceps brachii supinates the arm, but it is not innervated by the radial nerve--instead, it is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. So, it would not be affected by a radial nerve injury. Brachialis is also innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, but it is only involved with flexing the forearm--it is not a supinator. Brachioradialis flexes the elbow and assists in pronation and supination--it is innervated by the radial nerve and would be paralyzed after a radial nerve injury. Flexor carpi radialis is a flexor, not a supinator--it is innervated by the median nerve. Finally, supinator is innervated by the deep radial nerve.

hamstring group is

biceps femoris lon head semintendenosus semimembranousus adductor magnus

popliteal fosa boundaries

biceps femoris, semimembranousis, medial and lateral headds of gastrocnemius

a 28 year old hockey player is slammed violently into the boards. He fell to the ice and had extreme pain. he supported his right shoulder with his left upper limb as he was helped off the i.e. and into the dressing room. when he moved his sweater the trainer noticed his R shoulder was sagging and that the lateral end of his clavicle was abnormally prominent. The trainer tried to ABduct the right arm and the player complained of severe pain. which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of the players sagging shoulder and his inability to abduct the upper limb? a. rupture of the acromion clavicular ligament b. dislocation of the steroclavicular ligament c. dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint d. fx of the clavical

c. dislocation of the acromioclavicaular joint

how does the axillary nerve emerge?

comes off of the posterior cord of brachial plexus, dives into the quadrangular space and wraps around the Surgical neck of the humerus to innervate deltoid and Teres minor

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus

what is the pure sensory portion of the musculocutaneous nerve

lateral antibrachial cutanous nerve

A serious complication of fractures of the femoral neck is avascular necrosis of the femoral head. This usually results from rupture of which artery? Acetabular branch of obturator Deep circumflex iliac Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral Medial circumflex femoral Second perforating branch of lateral circumflex

medial circumflex artery

deep branch of ulnar is what

motor and innervates the ditigi mini muslces, lumbrecles of the little and ring all of the interossei flexor pollicis brevis (deep hand) ADDuctor pollicis longus

guy comes into clinic and he works on assembly line he has hypertrophy supinator from repetitive supination. what deficits will they have?

motor deficits in the extensor compartments, NO SENSORY defects.

what nerve innervates bicep brachia?

musculocutaneous

"Scissor gait" is a condition in which one limb crosses in front of the other during stepping as a result of powerful hip adduction caused by continuous, unwanted nerve activity. What is the nerve involved in this condition? Femoral Inferior gluteal Obturator Tibial

obturator The correct answer is: Obturator With "scissor gait" there is overactive adduction of the thigh. So, you need to identify which nerve innervates the adductor compartment. And that nerve is the obturator nerve. The obturator nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh, including adductor longus, magnus, and brevis. If the obturator nerve was firing too much, the leg would be constantly adducting, causing the scissor gait. The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles, which extend the leg at the knee. The inferior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus maximus, which is important for powerful extension of the thigh. The tibial nerve innervates the hamstrings, which flex the knee and extend the thigh. The tibial nerve also innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, which plantarflex the foot.

An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may affect the function of all of the following muscles EXCEPT: Adductor brevis Adductor longus Gracilis Obturator externus Pectineus

pectineus

what does the popliteal fossa contain

popliteal artery and vein

at what level does the sciatic nerve split into its component parts

poplitieal fossa

how does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm

posterior to the medial epicondyle through the cubital tunnel...

what muscles does the median nerve innervate

pronator teres, FCP PL FDS 1/2 FDP

what muscles make up the cubital fossa?

protanor teres brachioradialis epicondyles brachialils

what muslces stabilize the medial aspect of the knee

sartorius, mitendinosus and gracillis

when does ulnar nerve split in the hand

superficial and deep after it passes Guyons canal

what nerve is in Cubital fossa?

Median nerve

what does ulnar nerve innervae

FCU FDP 1/2

When diagnosing damage to the knee joint, it is important to look at the three structures most often damaged. These three structures, otherwise known as the "unhappy triad" include the: A) Medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligamnet, tibial collateral ligament B) Lateral meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament, fibular collateral ligament C) Lateral meniscus, oblique popliteal ligament, fibular collateral ligament D) Oblique popliteal ligament, patellar ligament, anterior cruciate ligament

A

A worker doing repetitive lifting develops an inflammation in the tendon of origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, commonly called "tennis elbow". The focal point of pain would most likely be near which palpable bony landmark? A. Coronoid process of ulna B. Lateral epicondyle of humerus C. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus D. Medial epicondyle of humerus E. Medial supracondylar ridge of humerus F. Olecranon G. Posterior (subcutaneous) border of ulna

B. lateral epiocndyle of the humorous The extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle originates from the common extensor tendon off the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. So, an injury to this tendon would result in pain near the lateral epicondyle. Tennis elbow is due to the repetitive use of superficial extensor muscles of the forearm--the pain is often felt at the lateral epicondyle and it radiates down the posterior surface of the forearm. None of the other bony landmarks are associated with the common extensor tendon, although the medial epicondyle is the origin of the common flexor tendon.

In the process of escaping from T. rex in Jurassic Park the heroine punctures the skin on the medial side of her wrist on a spiny bush. A few days later, due to the toxin, an infection is seen spreading up the medial side of her arm along the large cutaneous vein extending from the dorsum of her hand to the medial side of her arm. The vein involved is the: basilic brachial cephalic median cubital ulnar

A basilic The correct answer is: basilic There are two large cutaneous veins running up the forearm. Both veins take origin from the dorsal venous arch of the hand and run up the lateral and medial sides of the forearm. On the medial side (near the 5th digit) there is the basilic vein. On the lateral side, there is the cephalic vein. Since the infection is on the medial side, the correct answer is the basilic vein. (Remember that the hands are supinated in the anatomical position--this comes in handy when you are thinking about the medial and lateral sides of the forearm.) The brachial vein runs with the brachial artery-- it is a deep vein that ends at the level of the elbow. The ulnar vein runs with the ulnar artery, draining the ulnar side of the forearm. Neither of these veins are located in superficial tissue. The median cubital vein is a cutaneous vein, but it is short and only found in the median cubital fossa. It provides a connection between the cephalic vein and basilic vein.

If the femoral artery is occluded at the beginning of the adductor canal, which artery could help provide viability to the leg through collateral circulation? Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral Descending genicular First perforating branch of the deep femoral Medial circumflex femoral Obturator

A. Descending branch of lateral circumflex artery femoral The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery anastamoses with both the descending genicular branch of the femoral artery as well as the lateral superior genicular branch of the popliteal artery. These connections provide collateral circulation to the knee and leg. The descending genicular artery branches from the femoral artery just superior to the adductor hiatus. If the femoral artery was occluded, this artery would not receive blood flow. The perforating branches of the deep femoral artery provide blood to the posterior thigh. The medial circumflex femoral artery is a branch of the femoral that supplies blood to the medial thigh and hip. The obturator artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac which supplies the medial thigh and hip. None of these arteries would be involved in any anastomoses with the leg.

a 45 y/o secretary experienced "pins and needles" sensation and pain in her right hand during the night. These sensations involved the palmar surface of her thumb and lateral two and a half fingers. her colleagues told her that she probably has carpal tunnel syndrome. Her PA confirmed the condition, she also reported sy of difficulty typing. she had some weakness in her right thenar muscles, which statement best desrcibes the most likely cause of her symptoms? A. distal carpal compression of median nerve B. Compression of the Ulnar nerve C. Proximal trauma to the median nerve D. injury to the radial nerve in the arm

A. distal carpal compression of the median nerve This nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum. it is the most common nerve impingement syndrome. The syndrome of nocturnal hand paresthesia na pain is caused by a variety of conditions such as edema of chronic trauma and tenosynotvitis, which produce impingement of the median nerve at the wrist.

guy has ulnar nerve injury which of the following functions would you expect NOT to be affected in the thumb?

ABDuction would not be affected

Childhood immunizations are sometimes given via intramuscular injections into the quadriceps muscles of the anterior thigh. At the mid-thigh level, a needle passing into the space deep to the sartorius muscle might pierce the femoral vessels as they lie in the: Adductor canal Adductor hiatus Adductor triangle Femoral canal Femoral ring

Adductor canal The correct answer is: Adductor canal Sartorius is the roof of the adductor canal. The femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis are all found in the adductor canal, deep to sartorius. So, if a needle pierced sartorius to enter the femoral vessels, the needle would be entering the adductor canal. The adductor hiatus is a space in the distal thigh, between the two insertions of adductor magnus. This is the place where the femoral vessels leave the adductor canal, travel to the posterior thigh, and become the popliteal vessels. There is no such thing as an adductor triangle. The femoral canal is one of the structures in the femoral sheath--it usually contains a deep inguinal lymph node, called the gland of Cloquet. This canal opens to the abdominal cavity through the femoral ring, so a femoral hernia could pass into the femoral canal through the femoral ring. Remember: the femoral vein and artery are contained in the femoral sheath, but NOT in the femoral canal!

what tendon is in Cubital fossa

Biceps brachii tendon

what does the femoral triangle contain?

Femoral artery and vein

When, in approximately 12% of people, the common fibular nerve passes through the piriformis muscle, the nerve may be compressed. This would affect part of which muscle?

Biceps femoris The correct answer is: Biceps femoris To answer this question, you need to determine the innervations of all the muscles listed. Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus are all part of the hamstrings compartment, which is innervated by the tibial nerve. But, the short head of biceps femoris is the one part of the hamstring compartment that is innervated by the common fibular nerve instead of the tibial nerve. So biceps femoris is the answer you're looking for! Adductor magnus is innervated by the obturator nerve--it's in the medial compartment of the leg. Gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

The proximal part of the femoral artery is enclosed within the femoral sheath, along with the femoral vein. The femoral canal contains lymph vessels, connective tissue and fat. In relation to the vein and artery the femoral canal: A) Is lateral to the femoral vein and medial to the femoral artery B) Is medial to the femoral vein and lateral to the femoral artery C) Is lateral to both the femoral vein and the femoral artery D) Is medial to both the femoral artery and the femoral vein

D

The tendons that strengthen and stabilize the knee joint on the lateral side consist of all of the following except: A) Biceps femoris B) Gastrocnemius C) Iliotibial tract D) Soleus

D

Which movement would fail in case of paralysis of the quadriceps femoris muscle? Adduction at the hip Extension at the hip Extension at the knee Flexion at the knee Medial rotation at the knee

Extension of the knee

muscles post interosseous nerve innervates

Extensor carpi unlaris Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carip communis Extensor indicies ABDuctor pollicis longus Ext pollicis longus Ext pollicis brevis

An elderly patient complains of difficulty in walking up stairs. Tests by her doctor reveal weakness in extension at her hip, but no change in hip flexion, or flexion or extension of the knee. Based upon these results, what muscle is most likely not functioning properly. Adductor magnus Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Iliopsoas Semitendinosus

Gluteus maximus The correct answer is: Gluteus maximus Gluteus maximus is the most important muscle for powerfully extending the thigh. This is the muscle that is used for forceful extension at the hip joint, which is what you need to go up the stairs or to jump powerfully. That's why gluteus maximus is the answer. Semitendinosus is the other muscle mentioned which extends the thigh--it's one of the hamstrings muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh. However, semitendinosus flexes the leg, and there is no weakness with this motion. Also, you should remember that gluteus maximus is the key muscle for very forceful extension--not semitendinosus. Adductor magnus adducts and medially rotates the thigh, while gluteus medius abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Iliopsoas is a hip flexor. There is no weakness in any of these movements, so you should know that these muscles are not injured.

wehre does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

Guyons canal

what nerve roots does the femoral nerve root arise from

L2, L3, L4

The anterior interosseous is a branch of which nerve? Axillary Median Musculocutaneous Radial Ulnar

Median The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve that provides motor innervation to the deep muscles in the flexor compartment, including flexor pollicis longus, the radial half of flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus. The other related nerve to think about is the posterior interosseous nerve, which is the terminal branch of the deep radial nerve. It provides sensory innervation to the wrist area.

Following a penetrating injury to the left femoral triangle, a patient related that walking was virtually impossible because at every step the left knee collapsed into flexion. This history suggests paralysis of which muscle?

Quadreceps femoris If a knee is continually collapsing into flexion, it means that there is something wrong with the knee extenders--the quadriceps muscles. This makes sense given the clinical history--the injury to the left femoral triangle probably damaged the femoral nerve which innervates the quads. Sartorius is also a flexor of the hip and knee which is innervated by the femoral nerve. However, it is a much weaker muscle and damage to this muscle would not be as debilitating as damage to the quadriceps. Adductor magnus is innervated by the obturator nerve, except for the part inserting on adductor tubercle, which is innervated by tibial nerve. An injury to this muscle or nerve would result in impaired adduction of the thigh. Biceps femoris is a hamstring muscle of the posterior compartment which extends the hip and flexes the knee. Its long head is innervated by the tibial nerve and its short head is innervated by the common fibular nerve. Gluteus maximus is the muscle for powerful extension of the hip--it is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

What anterior thigh muscle must be retracted to expose the adductor canal and its contents? Adductor magnus Gracilis Rectus femoris Sartorius Vastus intermedius

Srtorius

All muslces in anterior thigh get innervation from femoral except:

TENSOR FASCIA Lata

what are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Teres minor is superior border Teres Major - infrerior border Long head of triceps - Medial border Surgical neck of humorous - lateral

Interruption of the median nerve in the cubital fossa affects what movement(s) of the thumb? Flexion Opposition Both Neither

The correct answer is: Both The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the thenar compartment of the hand. This nerve innervates opponens pollicis, which opposes the thumb, and flexor pollicis brevis, which helps to flex the thumb. So, disrupting the median nerve would impair both flexion and opposition of the thumb.

If the musculocutaneous nerve is severed at its origin from the brachial plexus, flexion at the elbow is greatly weakened but not abolished. What muscle remains operative and can contribute to flexion? Brachialis Brachioradialis Coracobrachialis Long head of biceps brachii Short head of biceps brachii

The correct answer is: Brachioradialis Brachioradialis is a muscle innervated by the radial nerve--it flexes the elbow and assists in pronating and supinating the arm. Brachialis, coracobrachialis, and both heads of biceps brachii are all muscles which flex the arm and/or forearm, but they are all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. These muscles would be denervated if the musculocutaneous nerve was severed at its origin from the brachial plexus.

As a patient with paralyzed gluteus medius and minimus muscles on the left side attempts to stand on the left limb only, the right side of the pelvis typically: Drops Elevates Rotates laterally Rotates medially Thrusts forward

The correct answer is: Drops When gluteus medius and minimus are injured, a patient will show a positive Trendelenburg sign. This means that when this patient attempts to stand on the left leg only, the uninjured right hip will drop. This is because gluteus medius and minimus on the stable left leg support the pelvis so that it will remain level when the right leg is lifted--when these muscles are injured on the supported left side, the right side of the pelvis will drop. Make sure you understand what Trendelenburg sign is, what it means, and why the pelvis drops on the uninjured side!

If the tendon of palmaris longus were transected, what movement would be affected? Flexion of the MP and IP joints of the thumb Flexion of the proximal IP joints of digits 2 and 5 Flexion of the proximal IP joints of digits 3 and 4 Flexion of the wrist Extension of the wrist

The correct answer is: Flexion of the wrist Palmaris longus is a small muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm--it flexes the hand at the wrist and tightens the palmar aponeurosis. If this tendon was cut, it would be more difficult to flex the wrist. Flexor pollicis longus flexes the MP and IP joints of the thumb. Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis flex the proximal IP joints of digits 2, 3, 4, and 5. Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis all extend the wrist.

The pulse of the radial artery at the wrist is felt immediately lateral to which tendon? Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus Palmaris longus

The correct answer is: Flexor carpi radialis The radial artery runs on the radial side of the wrist, lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis. So, the radial pulse will be felt immediately lateral to this tendon. Remember--the radial artery enters the wrist on the anterior side. This means that the extensor tendons, which are on the posterior side of the wrist, will not be involved with the radial artery! The tendons for flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis are found more towards the center of the wrist, not on the wrist's lateral side. These tendons cross under the flexor retinaculum to reach the hand.

What muscle is innervated by branches of both the median and ulnar nerves? Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

The correct answer is: Flexor digitorum profundus The median and ulnar nerve both innervate flexor digitorum profundus. Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve only. Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus are innervated by the median nerve. Pronator quadratus is innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve, which is a branch of the median nerve.

Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel affects which hand muscle(s)? Dorsal interossei Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis longus Opponens digiti minimi Palmar interossei

The correct answer is: Flexor pollicis brevis The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the thenar compartment of the hand, including flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis. So, if the median nerve was compressed, all of these muscles might be affected. The dorsal interossei, palmar interossei, and opponens digiti minimi are all muscles of the hand which are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Flexor pollicis longus is innervated by the median nerve, but it is a forearm muscle which is proximal to the carpal tunnel. Therefore, it would not be affected by compressing the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.

While on vacation in Florida following her final exams, a scuba diving medical student is accidentally speared by her diving partner. The end of the spear passes medial to lateral, posterior to the medial malleolus. It severs an artery there, which is the: anterior tibial dorsalis pedis fibular medial plantar posterior tibial

The correct answer is: Posterior tibial The posterior tibial artery passes from the posterior compartment of the leg, behind the medial malleolus, before entering the foot. In the foot, it splits to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries. Remember--this is one of the structures that is lined up behind the flexor retinaculum in a very characteristic way. To review, the order here is, from anterior to posterior: tendon of Tibialis posterior, tendon of flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery (and vein), tibial Nerve, and tendon of flexor Hallucis longus. So, T, D, A, N, H equals Tom, Dick, ANd Harry. The anterior tibial artery comes from the anterior compartment of the leg--it changes name to the dorsalis pedis artery at the level of the ankle. If the spear had stabbed the student on the dorsum of the foot or leg, either above or below the ankle, one of these two arteries might have been injured. The fibular artery is a branch of posterior tibial artery that supplies the lateral compartment of the leg--an injury to the lateral leg might damage this artery. The medial plantar artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery in the foot--if the spear had stabbed her medial foot on the plantar surface, this is the artery that might have been injured.

In a hunting accident, an arrow pierces the mid-calf of a hunter. A major artery is lacerated in the posterior leg, and you notice that the sole of his foot is cold and pale. The dorsum of the foot is warm and normally colored. The artery that seems to be injured is the: fibular artery posterior tibial artery femoral artery popliteal artery medial plantar artery

The correct answer is: Posterior tibial artery The popliteal artery divides into two arteries: the posterior tibial artery and anterior tibial artery. The posterior tibial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg with blood. It also passes into the sole of the foot, where it branches to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries. So, the injury to the posterior surface of the leg and the lack of perfusion to the foot all point to an injury to the posterior tibial artery. The fibular artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery that gets blood to the fibular compartment of the leg. You can tell that this was not the main artery damaged because this artery is not important for perfusing the foot. The femoral artery is an artery of the anterior thigh--it would not be damaged by a mid-calf injury. The popliteal artery is the artery that branches to form the posterior and anterior tibial arteries. It is clear that this artery is intact because the anterior of the leg and dorsum of the foot--areas supplied by the anterior tibial artery and its continuation, dorsalis pedis--are normal. Finally, the medial plantar artery is found on the plantar side of the foot--it would not even be close to an arrow in the mid-calf.

After suffering a gunshot wound to the forearm, it was determined that the posterior interosseous nerve was severed. What function was lost? Sensory from the wrist joint Motor to brachioradialis Motor to the extensor carpi radialis longus Parasympathetic to the dorsum of the forearm Motor to the flexor digitorum superficialis

The correct answer is: Sensory to the wrist joint The posterior interosseous nerve is the sensory continuation of the deep radial nerve, distal to its motor branches for the extensor muscles. It reaches the wrist joint and carpal bones for proprioceptive sense from these structures. Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus are innervated by the radial nerve, and extensor carpi radialis brevis is innervated by the deep radial nerve. Flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the median nerve. There are no parasympathetic nerves in the limbs or body wall.

Following a major operation, a patient was placed on a course of antibiotics which were delivered via intramuscular injection to the buttocks. After one injection in the right buttock, the patient complained of more pain than usual in the region of the injection. Later, as he was walking in the hall, the nurse noticed that he had a limp that had not been present before--his left hip dropped every time he lifted his left foot off the floor. Which nerve had been injured by the injection?

The correct answer is: Superior gluteal The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus minimus and medius--two muscles that are important abductors of the hip. These muscles stabilize the pelvis when walking. They work in such a way that when you are standing on your right limb only, the muscles on the right side are holding the left side of the pelvis level. When you are standing on your left leg only, the muscles of the left side are supporting the right side of the pelvis. This patient has injured his right superior gluteal nerve. He is exhibiting a characteristic hip drop on the uninjured side while standing on the injured side--a positive Trendelenburg sign. The superior gluteal nerve was evidently damaged during the injection. This is why it's important to place injections in the upper, outer quadrant of the buttock--that's the quadrant of the buttock that has fewer nerves that might be damaged by a needle. Nerves that could be injured from careless injections include the sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, and superior gluteal nerve. An injury to the femoral nerve would weaken the quadriceps--the patient would not be able to extend his leg. An injury to the obturator nerve would denervate the adductors and impair adduction of the hip. Damage to the sciatic nerve would paralyze the hamstrings and all the muscles in the leg and foot. Finally, injuring the inferior gluteal nerve would paralyze gluteus maximus and impair extension of the hip.

In an industrial accident, the artery passing lateral to the pisiform bone is cut. This artery is the Deep palmar arch Radial Superficial palmar arch Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery Ulnar

The correct answer is: Ulnar artery The ulnar artery runs on the medial side of the wrist, near pisiform and hamate. It supplies most of the blood to the superficial palmar arterial arch in the hand, but gives a deep ulnar branch to complete the deep palmar arch in the hand. The radial artery runs on the lateral side of the wrist, near scaphoid and trapezium. It supplies most of the blood to the deep palmar arterial arch, but gives off a superficial palmar branch of the radial artery which completes the superficial palmar arch in the hand. The superficial and deep palmar arches are found more distal in the hand, near the heads and bases of the metacarpal bones, respectively.

A middle-aged woman comes to you complaining of pain on the lateral side of her right elbow, so severe that she holds her eating utensils in her left hand to eat. She says that she spent the weekend putting in a new garden plot and that it involved loosening and turning over a large area of grass sods with a garden fork. You find that the region just proximal to the lateral epicondyle of her humerus is painful to the touch. There is no sensory loss in her forearm or hand. You suspect a localized tearing of the origin of a muscle producing the equivalent of "tennis elbow." The muscle most likely involved is the: brachioradialis common flexor tendon extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum pronator teres

The correct answer is: brachioradialis Tennis elbow is usually caused by inflammation of the common extensor tendon on the lateral side of the forearm, but we know that that's not what happened here. Instead, the patient tore a muscle at its origin, near the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Brachioradialis originates from the upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, so this is the muscle that she probably tore. This also makes sense given her activities--brachioradialis flexes the elbow and assists in pronation and supination, so she would have been using this muscle while gardening. The common flexor tendon is associated with the medial epicondyle, not the lateral epicondyle. Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum take origin from the common extensor tendon, which attaches to the lateral epicondyle. This tendon would be inflamed in a classic case of tennis elbow, but the common extensor tendon is not the structure that was injured in this patient's case. Pronator teres takes origin from the common flexor tendon and the medial side of the ulna.

After falling on the ice, it was determined that a patient had a Colles' fracture. Care must be taken to relieve tension on the broken distal end of the radius created by the pull of which muscle? Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Pronator quadratus Extensor carpi radialis brevis

The correct answer is: brachioradialis The Colles' fracture is a fracture to the distal end of the radius. It usually occurs when someone tries to catch themselves from falling on an outstretched arm. So, you need to look in the answer choices for a muscle that inserts on the distal end of the radius. Brachioradialis inserts on the lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius, so this muscle could pull the broken piece of the radius out of place. This is why a cast over a Colles' fracture needs to extend up to the elbow--brachioradialis needs to be immobilized! Extensor carpi ulnaris inserts on the medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal. Extensor carpi radialis longus inserts on the dorsum of the second metacarpal bone. Pronator quadratus extends between the distal ulna and radius-- it serves to pronate the hand. Although this muscle attaches to the broken part of the radius, it is not the most important muscle to stabilize following the injury. Extensor carpi radialis brevis inserts on the dorsum of the third metacarpal bone. So, none of the other muscles would pull on the distal piece of the radius as much as brachioradialis

The team doctor tells a football player that he has "a pulled hamstring" muscle. This results from a tearing of the origin of a hamstring muscle from the: sacrum posterior gluteal line ischial tuberosity obturator membrane iliac tubercle

The correct answer is: ischial tuberosity The hamstring muscles are: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. They originate from the ischial tuberosity and insert on the tibia and fibula (biceps). They comprise the posterior compartment of the thigh and are innervated by the tibial nerve, with the exception of the short head of biceps femoris which is innervated by the common fibular nerve. These muscles allow for extension at the hip and flexion at the knee. The anterior sacrum is the origin of the piriformis muscle, while the posterior sacrum and ilium posterior to the superior gluteal line serve as the origin of gluteus maximus. Obturator internus and externus take origin from the obturator membrane and the margins of the obturator foramen.

A car strikes a pedestrian on the lateral side of her leg. Following the accident, she has "foot drop". Her foot hangs loosely in plantar flexion when she raises it off the ground. She can still invert her foot, but cannot evert it. She can flex but not extend her toes. Which nerve is most likely to have been crushed in her accident? common fibular tibial superficial fibular medial plantar sciatic

The correct answer is: common fibular All of these symptoms are consistent with damage to the common fibular nerve, whose branches, the deep and superficial fibular nerves, innervate the anterior and lateral compartments. The anterior compartment is important for dorsiflexion. When the tibialis anterior of this compartment is denervated, you will see foot drop. This compartment also contains extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus. These muscles and their brevis counterparts on the dorsum of the foot (which are also innervated by the deep fibular nerve) are responsible for extending the toes. Since this function is also lost, it is clear that the injury has affected the deep fibular nerve. Finally, the loss of eversion suggests that the lateral, everter compartment has been damaged--it is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve. If the injury was only to the superficial fibular nerve, you would not expect foot drop or difficulty extending the toes. Instead, the main symptom would be a loss of cutaneous sensation over the distal third of the leg and the dorsum of the foot. An injury to the tibial nerve would lead to problems with plantarflexion due to denervation of the posterior compartment. The medial plantar nerve innervates structures in the foot and would not produce these symptoms. Finally, the sciatic nerve gives rise to the tibial and common fibular nerves. An injury to the sciatic nerve would lead to deficits in all the compartments of the leg

Development of "tennis elbow" (lateral epicondylitis) involves the origin of which muscle? Abductor pollicis longus Anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Triceps brachii

The correct answer is: extensor carpi radialis brevis "Tennis elbow" is due to repetitive use of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm. The pain is felt on the lateral epicondyle and radiates down the posterior surface of the forearm. With tennis elbow, the repeated flexion and extension of the wrist strains the attachment of the common extensor tendon, producing inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor attachment of the muscles. The only muscle listed which takes origin from the common extensor tendon is the extensor carpi radialis brevis. So, that is the correct answer. (Extensor carpi ulnaris also takes origin from the common extensor tendon, so it might be responsible for some of the symptoms too.)

The tendons on the dorsal side of the wrist are held in place by a thickening of the antebrachial fascia called the: bicipital aponeurosis extensor expansion extensor retinaculum interosseous membrane palmar carpal ligament

The correct answer is: extensor retinaculum The extensor compartment is on the dorsal surface of the arm. The tendons of the muscles from this compartment pass onto the dorsal side of the wrist by crossing under the extensor retinaculum. The bicipital aponeurosis is the membranous band that runs from the biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with the antebrachial fascia over the forearm flexor muscles. An extensor expansion wraps around the head of a metacarpal and the base of the proximal phalanx to hold the extensor tendon in place on the digit. The interosseous membrane connects the radius to the ulna, and the palmar carpal ligament is a thickening of the antebrachial fascia over the palmar surface of the wrist. The palmaris longus and ulnar neurovascular bundle pass deep to the palmar carpal ligament, and the flexor retinaculum lies deeper and more distal, forming the carpal tunnel.

A patient with a tuberculous abscess (localized collection of pus) on the iliopsoas muscle in the femoral triangle presented impaired flexion of the thigh and extension of the leg. Which of the following nerves was likely involved? femoral inferior gluteal obturator sciatic superior gluteal

The correct answer is: femoral The quadriceps muscles, innervated by the femoral nerve, are the most important leg extensors. Rectus femoris, a component of the quads, is also a hip flexor. So, the patient's deficits, as well as the clinical history of an abscess in the femoral triangle, are consistent with an injury to the femoral nerve. The inferior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus maximus. If this nerve or muscle was injured, the patient would have trouble extending his leg powerfully. The obturator nerve innervates the adductor compartment; a defect with this nerve would result in impaired adduction. The sciatic nerve does not innervate any muscles itself. However, it has two branches, the common fibular and tibial nerves, which innervate the posterior (hamstring) compartment of the thigh and all of the muscles of the leg and foot. Clearly, an injury to the sciatic nerve would lead to a huge motor impairment. Finally, the superior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fasciae latae. If this nerve is injured, a patient will exhibit Trendelenburg's sign, which means that when the patient stands on the injured leg only, the pelvis will drop on the unsupported side. This indicates that the gluteus medius and minimus on the supported side are not functional.

A player is kicked on the front of his leg during a soccer game, and a large bruise develops. A hematoma deep to the crural fascia can create extreme pressure within the anterior compartment of the leg, compressing structures within it. The most likely finding resulting from this anterior compartment syndrome is: numbness on the dorsum of the foot inability to evert the foot inability to invert the foot foot drop inability to plantarflex the foot

The correct answer is: foot drop Anterior compartment syndrome leads to foot drop due to the compression of the deep fibular nerve. Since the deep fibular nerve innervates tibialis anterior, an important dorsiflexer, injuring this nerve will impair dorsiflexion and cause the foot to drop. Numbness on the dorsum of the foot would suggest an injury to the superficial fibular nerve. An inability to evert the foot might also be due to an injury to the superficial fibular nerve, since that nerve supplies the lateral, everter compartment. Damage to the deep fibular nerve might also impair inversion since that is an action of tibialis anterior, but this would be a more subtle finding. Also, remember that tibialis posterior is also an inverter, so that muscle might be able to compensate for the injury to the anterior compartment. Finally, an inability to plantarflex the foot would stem from damage to the tibial nerve and the posterior compartment.

The function of the posterior interosseous nerve is: motor to the brachioradialis motor to the extensor carpi ulnaris parasympathetic to the dorsum of the forearm sensory from the wrist joint sensory from the dorsum of the forearm

The correct answer is: sensory to the wrist joint The posterior interosseous nerve is the sensory continuation of the deep radial nerve, distal to its motor branches to the extensor muscles (this is at odds with how the posterior interosseous nerve is considered clinically, that is, it is considered synonymous with the deep radial) . It reaches the wrist joint and carpal bones for proprioceptive sense from these structures. Brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve, and extensor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the deep radial nerve. There are no parasympathetic nerves in the forearm, and sensory innervation from the dorsum of the forearm is carried by the radial nerve.

During recovery from a gunshot wound of the right pelvis, the patient notices a lurch in his gait. When he lifts his left foot off of the ground, his pelvis dips down on the left side. The nerve that appears to have been injured is the: nerve to piriformis nerve to obturator internus sciatic nerve femoral nerve superior gluteal nerve

The correct answer is: superior guteal nerve The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus minimus and medius--two muscles that are important abductors of the hip--as well as tensor fasciae latae. These muscles stabilize the pelvis when walking. The gluteus medius and minimus work in such a way that when you are standing on your right leg only, the muscles on the right side are supporting the left side of the pelvis. When you are standing on your left leg only, the muscles of the left side are supporting the right side of the pelvis. If a patient exhibits a characteristic hip drop on the uninjured side (in this case, the left side) while standing on the injured side (right), this is called Trendelenburg's sign. It occurs when the superior gluteal nerve--the nerve supply to the abductors of the thigh--is disrupted due to injury or disease. Nerve to piriformis and nerve to obturator internus allow those muscles to laterally rotate the thigh. However, if one of these muscles was denervated, the other might be able to compensate and prevent a significant loss of function. The sciatic nerve has no direct muscular branches; however, its two branches, common fibular and tibial nerves, innervate the posterior compartment of the thigh and all the muscles of the leg. A disruption to the sciatic nerve would lead to a significant motor deficit. The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps. If this nerve were damaged, a patient would present with an inability to extend the knee.

The deep femoral artery is the principle blood source for the muscles in which compartment of the thigh?

The deep femoral artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh with three to four perforating arteries. These arteries pierce adductor magnus and supply blood to the hamstrings--biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The anterior compartment of the thigh (the quadriceps) receives blood from the femoral artery. The medial compartment of the thigh receives blood from the obturator artery and medial circumflex femoral artery, as well as the deep femoral. The gluteal region receives blood from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

A boy fell onto a sharp object and cut his deep radial nerve as it emerged from the supinator muscle. The artery joining it at this point was also injured. The injured artery is the: anterior interosseous common interosseous posterior interosseous radial ulnar

The deep radial nerve emerges from the supinator muscle and runs in the deep layer of the posterior forearm. It runs next to the posterior interosseous artery, which, along with the anterior interosseous artery, is a branch of the common interosseous artery. The common interosseous artery comes off the ulnar artery to give these two branches that supply the deep arm on the anterior and posterior sides. The ulnar and radial arteries are branches of the brachial artery that run down the ulnar and radial sides of the anterior arm.

Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve? Tibial Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Obturator Femoral

The first thing that you want to do with this question is determine which muscle was impaired. Since the question specifies that there is a weakness when climbing steps or jumping, you should know that there is a problem with powerfully extending the hip. And that's what gluteus maximus does. The nerve to gluteus maximus, the inferior gluteal nerve, must be the nerve that was injured. The tibial nerve innervates the hamstring compartment. Although the hamstrings are involved in extending the hip, they are not the most important muscles for these powerful motions. Gluteus maximus and the inferior gluteal nerve enable the type of powerful extension used to climb steps or jump The superior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus minimus and medius. These muscles are important for stabilizing the pelvis on the supported side of the hip when the opposite leg is lifted. If the superior gluteal nerve is damaged on the supported side of the hip, the unsupported side of the hip will drop. This is called Trendelenburg gait. The obturator nerve innervates the medial, adductor compartment of the hip. The femoral nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the hip, including the quadriceps. This nerve allows for extension at the knee.

During an industrial accident, a sheet metal worker lacerates the anterior surface of his wrist at the junction of his wrist and hand. Examination reveals no loss of hand function, but the skin on the thumb side of his palm is numb. Branches of which nerve must have been severed? Lateral antebrachial cutaneous Medial antebrachial cutaneous Median Radial Ulnar

The median nerve the median nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the radial 3.5 fingers of the palm. So, the patient's loss of cutaneous sensation is suggestive of a median nerve injury. The location of the injury also implies that there has been an injury to the median nerve--this nerve enters the hand by crossing under the flexor retinaculum on the anterior side of the wrist. The lateral and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the anterior side of the forearm--the symptoms here are not consistent with an injury to these nerves. The radial nerve innervates the radial side of the dorsum of the hand but does not innervate the palmar side of the hand. The ulnar nerve innervates the medial (ulnar) side of both the dorsum and palm of the hand.

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve comes from the: Axillary nerve Medial cord nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve

The musculocutaneous nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the skin of the anterolateral side of the forearm through the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The axillary nerve supplies the skin of the upper lateral arm with the superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve. The radial nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the skin of the posterior arm, forearm, and hand through many different cutaneous nerves. The ulnar nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the medial side of the wrist and hand and skin of the medial 1 1/2 digits on the palmar side, and 2 1/2 digits on the dorsum of the hand. If you are having problems conceptualizing these areas of cutaneous innervation, check out on-line color pictures in the dissector answers, or plate 481 in Netter's!

If the medial epicondyle of the humerus is fractured and the nerve passing dorsal to it is injured, which muscle would be most affected? Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis

The nerve passing dorsal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus is the ulnar nerve. In the forearm, the ulnar nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundus. So, flexor carpi ulnaris would be most affected if the ulnar nerve was disrupted. What other symptoms might you see? Paralysis of hand muscles (except for the thenar compartment and the first two lumbricals) and numbness over the ulnar 1.5 digits in the hand! The extensor muscles (extensor digitorum and extensor carpi ulnaris) are in the posterior compartment of the forearm--they are innervated by the radial nerve. Flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the median nerve only. Although the ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundus would be impaired following the injury, the radial side of flexor digitorum profundus would still be innervated by the median nerve.

radial nerve provides motor sensation to what muscles

Tricpes Anconeus Brachioradials, ECRL/B

what enters hand through pisihamate canal

Ulnar artery and nerve.

The short head of biceps femoris muscle is innervated by which nerve?

common fibular The correct answer is: Common fibular The short head of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular nerve; all the other muscles in the hamstring compartment are innervated by the tibial nerve. Both of these nerves are branches of the sciatic nerve. The inferior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus maximus. The obturator nerve innervates the medial, adductor compartment of the thigh. The femoral nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh.

A long distance runner complained of swelling and pain of his shin. At physical examination, skin testing showed normal cutaneous sensation of the leg. However, muscular strength tests showed marked weakness of dorsiflexion and impaired inversion of the foot. Which nerve serves the muscles involved? common fibular deep fibular sciatic superficial fibular tibial

common fibular The correct answer is: deep fibular nerve The deep fibular nerve provides motor innervaton to the anterior compartment of the leg. This compartment contains tibialis anterior, a muscle that allows for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. If a patient is unable to dorsiflex the ankle, he or she will have foot drop. When the deep fibular nerve is damaged, cutaneous sensation to the leg and foot is normal, except for the loss of sensation on the web of skin between the first and second toe. This is the only place were the deep fibular nerve supplies cutaneous innervation. This patient probably has anterior compartment syndrome, which occurs when the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg swell and press on the bone or fascial lining. Eventually, this swelling can compress the deep fibular nerve, leading to foot drop, or the anterior tibial artery, stopping blood flow to the dorsum of the foot. Injuries to the common fibular nerve often occur after fibular fracture because the common fibular nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula. If this nerve was injured, you would see the same symptom of foot drop, but it would be accompanied by a loss of cutaneous sensation to the anterolateral aspect of the leg and dorsum of the foot. The sciatic nerve branches to form the common fibular and tibial nerve. An injury to this nerve would damage all of the compartments in the leg. The superficial fibular nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg, which everts the foot. It also provides cutaneous sensation to the distal third of the anterior leg and the dorsum of the foot, so an injury here would lead to a significant loss of cutaneous sensation. Finally, the tibial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg. An injury to this nerve would impair plantarflexion of the foot.

when does radial nerve become purely sensory?

distally in the wrist it becomes the dorsal digital nerve

where is the only place the radial nerve has sensory function

dorsum of hand and small potion of palmar surface

A fracture of the ischial tuberosity might be expected to most directly affect the muscles that produce which lower limb movement? Abduction at the hip Adduction at the hip Extension at the knee Flexion at the hip Flexion at the knee

extension of the knee The ischial tuberosity is the origin for the hamstrings muscles which are the muscles that allow for extension at the hip and flexion at the knee. If the ischial tuberosity was fractured, the hamstrings would be separated from their origin and would not function properly. The most important hip abductors are gluteus medius and minimus. These muscles are most commonly damaged by an injury to the superior gluteal nerve. The hip adductors are adductor longus, brevis and magnus, which insert on the linea aspera of the femur and are innervated by the obturator nerve. The muscles responsible for extending the knee are the quadriceps. They take origin from the surface of the femur and the anterior inferior iliac spine (rectus femoris). The quadriceps are innervated by the femoral nerve. Finally, the hip flexors are rectus femoris (from the quadriceps), pectineus, iliopsoas, and sartorius. These muscles have diverse origins, and are mostly innervated by the femoral nerve.

A patient is severely limited in extension at the wrist joint after several months in a cast following a Colles fracture. Which joint would be especially important in therapy to regain full extension? carpometacarpal distal radioulnar midcarpal radiocarpal ulnocarpa

radiocarpal The radiocarpal joint is the joint commonly known as the wrist joint--it is a condyloid (oval) type of synovial joint that allows for flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction. A Colles fracture is a fracture of the distal end of the radius--this is why this sort of break would limit movement between the radius and carpals. The carpometacarpal joint is found between the distal row of carpals and the metacarpals--these joints are mobile for the thumb and little finger, allowing extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction. However, the carpometacarpal joints are quite immobile for the middle three fingers. The distal radioulnar joint is located between the distal ends of the radius and ulna--this joint allows the radius and ulna to rotate around each other during pronation and supination. The midcarpal joint is located between the proximal and distal row of carpals--this joint is important for flexion and extension of the hand. As for the "ulnocarpal joint," the ulna does not articulate with the carpal bones--it articulates with the distal end of the radius only

If the head of the femur is dislocated postero-medially, compression of which nerve is likely to result? Femoral Lumbosacral trunk Obturator Sciatic Superior gluteal

sciatic The correct answer is: sciatic nerve The sciatic nerve is closely related to the posterior hip joint, which makes this nerve very vulnerable in cases where the femur is dislocated postero-medially. If the sciatic nerve was completely paralyzed, the compartments innervated by its two branches: the common fibular and tibial nerves, would lose function. This would mean that the hamstrings and all the muscles of below the knee would lose their innervation. (Luckily, complete paralysis of the sciatic nerve is very rare.) The hip joint is very stable, so it is difficult to dislocate the femur. Most dislocations occur when the hip is flexed and the thigh is adducted. In flexion, the joint capsule is lax, and the femoral head tends to dislocate posteriorly when forces drive the femur posteriorly. This means that the sciatic nerve will be very vulnerable when the femur is dislocated! The other nerves listed in the question are not closely related to the hip joint. The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps and is on the anterior of the thigh. The lumbosacral trunk is located in the pelvis. The obturator nerve innervates the adductor compartment, and is on the anteromedial side of the thigh. Although the superior gluteal nerve innervates muscles near the hip socket (gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae), it would not be damaged by a dislocated hip.

After suffering a deep stab wound in the medial upper quadrant of the right buttock, an emergency room patient found walking to be very difficult. The basic problem was that, during stepping, her left hip sagged down as soon as the left foot was lifted off the ground to swing forward. What nerve was damaged? Femoral Inferior gluteal Obturator Pudendal Superior gluteal

superior gluteal The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus minimus and medius--two muscles that are important abductors of the hip--and tensor fasciae latae. These muscles stabilize the pelvis when walking. They work in such a way that when you are standing on your right leg only, the muscles on the right side are holding the left side of the pelvis level. When you are standing on your left leg only, the muscles of the left side are supporting the right side of the pelvis. So, if a patient exhibits this characteristic hip drop on the uninjured side while standing on the injured side, this is called Trendelenburg sign. It demonstrates that the superior gluteal nerve was injured and the gluteus minimus and medius can no longer support the hip.

Which statement is true? The femoral artery lies medial to the femoral vein The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery The external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava can not be imaged radiographically A and C

the femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery

once the musculocutaneous nerve crosses the elbow going, what is it called?

the lateral antibrachal cutaneous nerve

what is guyons canal?

the space between the pisiform bone and hamate hook aka ulnar tunnel

Your patient was struck by a car's bumper as she crossed the street, and her fibular neck is broken. After the bone has healed, she has "foot drop", i. e. she cannot dorsiflex her foot, and so it flops onto the ground during walking. Denervation (paralysis) of which of the following muscles would be associated with foot drop? fibularis longus tibialis posterior fibularis brevis tibialis anterior popliteus

tibialis anterior he correct answer is: tibialis anterior Tibialis anterior is the major dorsiflexer of the foot--if it is damaged, you will observe foot drop. It is found in the anterior compartment and is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. This patient probably damaged her common fibular nerve in the accident. This nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula before giving off its two branches: the deep fibular nerve and the superficial fibular nerve. You might hypothesize that this patient would also have a loss of cutaneous sensation on the distal third of the anterior leg and the dorsum of the foot, since those are the areas that receive cutaneous innervation from the superficial fibular nerve. None of the other muscles listed are dorsiflexers. Fibularis longus and brevis evert and plantarflex the foot; tibialis posterior plantarflexes and inverts the foot; popliteus flexes and rotates the leg medially so that the knee can unlock.

guyons canal between

transverse and volar carpal ligaments

radial nerve and artery run deep to

triceps in the radial groove of the humerous

ulnar nerve travels distally in the ante brachium and innervate FC?

ulnaris

what makes up quericeps femoris

vastus lateralis vastus medialis rectus femoris vastus intermedius

what symptoms would yu see in an ulnar nerve damage

weakness in flexor carpi ulnaris, Paralysis of hand muscles (except for the thenar compartment and the first two lumbricals) and numbness over the ulnar 1.5 digits in the hand!