Anatomy Final Multiple Choice
_________ are the simplest body structures considered alive.
Cells
I am the part of the ovary that contains follicles with oocytes What am I ?
Cortex
We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called ____________
Homeostasis
Which of the following is not a form of movement through the plasma membrain
Homeostasis
Most transmembrane proteins have ___________ regions facing the intra- and extracellular fluid, and __________ regions embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophillic, Hydrophobic
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.
Hyperpolarzation of the plasma membrane
When blood glucose levels fall,
Insulin secretion decreases, glucagon secreation increases
Metabolism is the sum of all _________ _____________ change
Internal; Chemical
Table salt (NACL) is form in what type of bonding
Ionic Bonding
what phase of a muscle twitch involves the depolarization of the sarcolemma
Lag
Muscle cells contain numerous _____________ to serve their high demand for ATP.
Mitochondria
Which of the following is a double membraned organelle consisting of a matrix and cristae
Mitochondrion
Is H20 considered
Molecule and Compound
Which glial cell is found wrapped around nerve fibers in the PNS?
Neurolemmocytes
Through what type of channels do K+ ions slowly diffuse out of to establish the resting membrane potential
Nongated/leak
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest
Organ system, organ tissue,cell, organelle
An _____ is composed of tow or more tissue types wheras _____ are microscopic structures in a cell
Organ, Organelles
Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called __________.
Peripheral proteins
Which of the following is mismatch
Somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS
Three common components of a feedback loop are _______, _____, and ___________.
Stimulus; Receptor: Integrating (Control) Center
The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the ______ structure of the protein
Tertiary
Which level of protein structure is a folding of the secondary structure back on itself
Tertiary
Which holiday did we just celebrate
Thanksgiving
All of the following are typical characteristic of neurotransmitter except
The are released into the blood stream before reaching the postsunaptic cell
What is the primary site on a neuron for receiving signal from other neurons
The dendrites
Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low
The person is intensely hungry
What do all hormones have in common?
They bind to and interact with a receptor in the target cell.
Which of these is an example of active transport
Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissue have in common
a calcified matrix
A Neuron receives a stimulus Which event happens next
a local potential develops
The release of ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is triggered by
action potentials along the t tubules
hormones are released from the posterior pituitary dur to stimulation of
action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory cells
Which of the following helps to keep blood nutrients at normal levels six to eight hours after a meal
breakdown of glycogen in the level releasing glucose
Most of the seminal fluid is produced
by the seminal vesicles.
during the relaxation phase of a muscle twitch
calcium is being actively pumped back into the SR
The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.
epithelial
The study of the structure and function of cells is called
exploratory physiology
Microvilli have all of the following characteristic or roles except
facilitate movement
"Zygote" is the term used to describe the
fertilized oocyte
Four primary tissue types found in adults organs include all of the following except
fibrous
in Gluconeogenesis
glucose is formed from by amino acids
increased insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in
glycogen synthesis
Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.
goblet
local potentials are ____ meaning they vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus
graded
Local potential are ___ whereas action potential are
graded, all or none
Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands:
has no ducts
Local potentials are caused by all of the following except
hyperpolarization of the cell membrain
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
hyperpolarization of the cell membrane
The hypothalamohypophysical portal system carries hormones from the
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
Curare blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate. This would result in
inability of the muscle fiber to respond to nervous stimulation
A function of insulin is to
increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
During exercise the energy needed to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from
increased epinephrine and glucagon release
A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potential from one neuron to another is called
inter neuron
The electrical properties of cells are the results of
ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane
Which cells would likely attack bacteria or viruses
leukocytes
A myelin sheath is composed primarily of
lipids
Glucagon primarily influences cells of the
liver
The length of the resting sarcomere is
longer than the length of a contracted sarcomere.
individually actin and myosin are examples of which of the follwoing
myofilaments
If you cut bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS, you cut
nerves
Nervous tissue consists predominately of tow cell types neurons and
neuroglia
An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a
neurohormone
Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by
neurohormones of the hypothalamus
During the absolute refractory period
no stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential
Which cells form myelin in the spinal cord?
oligodendrocytes
ligand-gated Na+ channels
open when Neurotransmitter chemical bind to them
The number of particles in a solutions id described by______ the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume is referred to as ______
osmolarity, Toncity
erection of the penis occurs when
penile erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood.
The outside of the resting plasma membrane is __________ relative to the inside of the resting plasma membrane.
positively charged
Which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential
potassium in concentrated primarily inside the cell
Circumcision is the surgical removal of the
prepuce
Which is part of the matrix
proteins
All enzymes are ____
protiens
The location of the testes and epidermises in the scrotum
provides a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development
Contraction of the cremaster and dartos muscle
pull the testes closer to the body
Male infants can be born with an undescended testis. This means that the testis
remains in the abdominopelvic cavity
When the voltage of a plasma membrane shifts from +35mV towards 0 mV, the cell is __________.
repolarizing
The interstitial cells
secrete testosterone
which of the following glands are correctly matched
seminal vesicles-provide nutrients or sperm
Sperm are produces in the ______ and complete maturation in the the_______
seminiferous tubeles: epididymis
a neuron that conducts pain sensation to the central nervous system would be classified as
sensory or afferent
An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________
simple columnar
A brush border of microvilli is found in _____ epithelium which can be found in the _____
simple columnar, small intestine
Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.
simple squamous
Generally, response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _____ that the response to nervous stimulation
slower and more prolonged
While a neuron membrane is depolarizing its __________.
sodium gates are fully open
Proteins do not what
store heredity information
the sarcoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium ions
Skeletal muscle is described as
striated and voluntary
The ______ division tens to prepare the body for action
sympathetic
In order for muscle relaxation to occur,
the active sites on actin must be blocked.
If the charge difference across the plasma membrane is decreased,
the membrane potential is more likely
Whole muscles can respond in a graded fashion to stimuli by varying
the number of motor units recruited
What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone
the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
which of these happens first in a synaptic transmission
the synaptic vesicles release acetycholine
Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
transitional, stratified squamous
Fertilization usually occurs in the_____ while fetal development occurs in the
uterine tube, uterus
The cervix is part of the
uterus
If you left a dialysis tube filled with water on the counter for a week
water will exit the tube
Which of the following are effectors
Glands
__________ is a monosaccharide, whereas __________ is a polysaccharide.
Glucose, Starch
which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissue have in common
Ground substance is so scarce that is it not visible with a light microscope
The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of _____________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of _________.
Growth: Differentiation
Which of these is/are cations
H+
A red blood cell is placed in a hyper tonic solution this means the concentration of the solutes in the solution is ____ than the concentration of solutes in the intracelluar fluid and will cause the cell to _____
Higher, Shrink
what happens when the Ca2++ channels in the terminal cisternar of the sarcoplasmic reticum open
Ca2++ rapidly diffuses into the sarcoplasm
Which of the following is not a method by which particles can leave a cell?
Endocytosis
All of the following are human organ systems except _____________
Epidermal
Arrange the following biochemical events in the correct sequences 1) an action potential is conducted deep into the muscle fiber by a t-tubule 2)calcium ions bind to troponin 3) the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum become more permeable to calcium ions 4) calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm around the myofibril 5) the tropomyosin complex moves exposing active sites
1,3,4,2,5
List the following from smallest to largest 1)Muscle fiber 2) myofilament 3) myofibril 4) muscle fasciculus
2,3,1,4
giving the following list of organic molecules which includes hormones 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins
2,3,4
Given the following glands choose the arrangement that represents the order in which the glands release their secretion to form semen 1) prostate 2) bulbourethral glands 3)seminal vesicles
3,1,2
Arrange the following events in the correct order 1) ejaculation 2) emission 3) erection
3,2,1
Assume a couple had just completed intercourse and sperm has been deposited in the woman's reproductive tract trace the pathway of the sperm through the female reproductive tract to the point where fertilization will most likely occur 1) cervix 2) Uterine tube 3) cavity of the uterus 4) vagina
4,1,3,2
which of the following will respond to a threshold stimules with an all or non contraction
A single muscle fiber and a single motor or unit
Some __________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas __________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.
Adderent, efferent
Which pancreatic cell is correctly matched with its secretion
Alpha-Glucagon
The smallest part of an element that shows characteristics of that element
Atom
Which type of connective tissue lacks collagen fibers
Blood
Which structure is the most vascular
Bone
which of the following statements regarding the sliding filament model is false
Both actin and myosin myofilaments shorten during contraction
What occurs during hyperpolarization of a neuron membrane
Both sodium and potassium are leaving the cell
A solution that resist a change in PH when an acid or base is added to it is an
Buffer
Place the following event in synaptic transmission at a choleric synapse in order. A- post synaptic potential is produced, B- voltage gated calcium channels open are calcium enters the cell, C- Ach is released and diffuses across the axon terminal, D- a nerve signal arrives at an axon terminal, E- ligand gated sodium channels open are sodium enters the cell
D,B,C,E,A
Which of the following is not a building block for an organic molecule
DNA
In which part of a neuron is the postsynaptic membrane usually found
Dendrite
The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its
Elections
The secretion of mucous by salivary glands is an example of what type of process
Exocytosis
Which of the following is not one of the functions of a cell
Protection Inheritance Communication All of the above are functions
Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex
Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
Which of the following is not a membranous organelle
Ribsome
Which organelle synthesizes steroid in the ovary and stores calcium in the muscle cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
T tubules
conduct action potentials deep into the muscle cell.
Action myofilaments
contain strands of fibrous actin
a drug that interferes with the active transport of calcium ions from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulem would result in
contraction with no relaxation
In a neuron the opening of sodium gates typically leads to
depolarization of the plasma membrane
The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________.
elastic cartilage
Discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra is called
emission
The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the
endometrium