Anatomy: Heart anatomy and physiology
In a condition known as cardiac tamponade, excess serous fluid can build up around the heart in the pericardial cavity. Between what two layers is this fluid located?
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Which of the following vessels does not return blood to the right atrium of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles?
Chordae tendineae
Which vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?
Coronary sinus
What part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?
Endocardium
Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.
False
Chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves and prevent them from inverting during heart contraction.
False
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one minute.
False
The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles.
False
The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract.
False
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
Foramen ovale
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
aorta
An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________.
aorta and left ventricle
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
aortic semilunar valve
Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?
aortic semilunar valve
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
apex
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
atria and ventricles
The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________.
atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
atrioventricular (AV)
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.
epicardium
Which of the following increases heart rate?
epinephrine
What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?
interventricular septum
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.
pulmonary
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?
pulmonary vein
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
lungs
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.
mediastinum
What lowers the risk of coronary artery disease?
Regular, moderate exercise
Which of the following provides the functional blood supply to oxygenate and nourish the myocardium of the heart?
Right and left coronary veins
When the right ventricle contracts, which specific valve closes to prevent blood from flowing into the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
The heart is enclosed by three membranes: an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous membrane pair.
True
The vessel that carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.
Umbilical vein
Which of the following describes atrial diastole?
Ventricles passively filling with blood
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.
heart rate to decrease
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
left ventricle
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?
stroke volume (SV)
Which term means heart contraction?
systole
Coronary artery disease results from ________.
the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
The pulmonary semilunar valve is normally open during ________.
ventricular systole
