Anatomy HW 4

Match the following muscles of the trunk and spinal column region (in the left column) with the corresponding nerves that innervate them (in the right column).

-Posterior branches of the spinal nerves -Posterior lateral branches of C4 through C8

Match the muscles that make up the erector spinae muscles (in the left column) with their points of insertion (in the right column).

-The posterior ribs 1-12 and cervical 4-7 transverse processes -The cervical 2-6 spinous processes, thoracic 1-12 transverse processes, lower nine ribs, and mastoid process

Identify an action performed by the splenius muscles.

Extension of the head and neck

Which of the following is an action performed by the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Extension of the head at the atlantooccipital joint

Identify an action performed by the transversus abdominis muscle.

Forced expiration by pulling the abdominal wall inward

What are the three muscles that make up the erector spinae muscles? (Check all that apply.)

Iliocostalis Spinalis Longissimus

What are the exercises that strengthen the rectus abdominis muscle? (Check all that apply.)

Isometric contractions Bent-knee sit-ups Crunches

Which of the following is an action performed by the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side

Which of the following is an action performed by the internal oblique abdominal muscle?

Lumbar flexion

Identify the origin of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

Posterior inner lip of the iliac crest

Identify an action performed by the rectus abdominis muscle.

Posterior pelvic rotation

Which of the following is an action performed by the external oblique abdominal muscle?

Posterior pelvic rotation

The obliquus capitis inferior

Rotation of the atlas

Identify the points of the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. (Check all that apply.)

The anterior superior surface of the medial clavicle The manubrium of the sternum

Identify a point of origin of the external oblique abdominal muscle.

The borders of the lower eight ribs at the side of the chest dovetailing with the serratus anterior muscle

Identify a point of origin of the transversus abdominis muscle.

The lateral third of the inguinal ligament

Identify an accurate statement about the internal oblique abdominal muscles.

The left internal oblique rotates to the left.

Which of the following muscles is located anteriorly and flex the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae?

The longus colli muscle

In which regions of the spine does most of the spinal column movement occur? (Check all that apply.)

The lumbar region The cervical region

What are the three muscles that make up the anterior vertebral muscles? (Check all that apply.)

The rectus capitis anterior The rectus capitis lateralis The longus capitis

Identify an accurate statement about the skeletal foundation of the thorax. Multiple choice question.

The skeletal foundation of the thorax is formed by twelve pairs of ribs.

Identify an accurate statement about the external oblique abdominal muscles.

They aid the rectus abdominis muscle in its action.

Identify an accurate statement about the muscles of the thorax.

They are involved almost entirely in respiration.

Which of the following statements is true about the true ribs (vertebrosternal)?

They attach directly to the sternum.

The outer rim of the intervertebral disks is made of a cartilage called the _____.

annulus fibrosus

Except for the _____ joint, there is not a great deal of movement possible between any two vertebrae.

atlantoaxial

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the _____ joint.

atlantoaxial

The _____ joints are the first joints in the axial skeleton, formed by the occipital condyles of the skull sitting on the articular fossae of the first vertebra.

atlantooccipital

Bilateral stretching of the sternocleidomastoid can be brought about by _____.

cervical hyperextension in combination with capital flexion

Identify an exercise that uses the erector spinae in extending the spine.

dead lift

During quiet rest, the _____ is responsible for breathing movements.

diaphragm

The largest muscle group in the trunk and spinal column is the _____, which extends on each side of the spinal column from the pelvic region to the cranium.

erector spinae

The _____ function best when the pelvis is posteriorly rotated. This lowers its origin and makes it more effective in keeping the spine straight.

erector spinae muscles

The rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior, and semispinalis capitis are all _____.

extensors of the head

Working on each side of the abdomen, the _____ muscles aid in rotating the trunk when working independently of each other.

external oblique abdominal

The _____ muscles run diagonally in the direction opposite that of the external obliques.

internal oblique abdominal

The right quadratus lumborum is stretched by _____.

left lumbar lateral flexion while in lumbar flexion

The _____ binds the laminae of adjacent vertebrae together.

ligamentum flavum

In the context of the rectus abdominis muscle, running vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis is the _____.

linea alba

Lateral to each rectus abdominis is the , a crescent, or moon-shaped, line running vertically.

linea semilunaris

The aponeurosis connecting the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and the medial border of the external and internal abdominal obliques is represented by the _____.

linea semilunaris

The current lifestyles chronically place people in _____, which over time leads to a gradual loss of lumbar lordosis.

lumbar flexion

The lumbar spine may have a reduction of its normal lordotic curve, resulting in a flat-back appearance referred to as

lumbar kyphosis

An action performed by the left internal oblique abdominal muscle is _____.

lumbar lateral flexion to the left and rotation to the left

The entire splenius may be stretched by _____.

maximal flexion of the head and cervical spine

The erector spinae muscle group can be stretched by _____.

maximal hyperflexion of the entire spine

The transversus abdominis muscle can be stretched by _____.

maximal inspiration held in the abdomen

The atlantoaxial joint in the axial skeleton is classified as a _____ joint.

pivot-type

The _____ muscle is important in lumbar lateral flexion and in elevating the pelvis on the same side in the standing position.

quadratus lumborum

The _____ muscle controls the tilt of the pelvis and the consequent curvature of the lower spine.

rectus abdominis

The intercostal nerves of T7 through T12 innervate the _____.

rectus abdominis muscle

The action performed by the left splenius muscles is _____.

rotation and lateral flexion of the head and neck to the left

The erector spinae group, the transversospinalis group, the interspinalintertransverse group, and the splenius all _____.

run vertically parallel to the spinal column

The rectus abdominis muscle is stretched by _____.

simultaneous hyperextension of both the lumbar and the thoracic spine

Which of the following spinal movements occurs in the transverse plane?

spinal rotation

Any movement of the head and neck into extension, particularly extension and rotation, would bring the _____ muscle strongly into play.

splenius

In the trunk and spinal column region, the sternocleidomastoid and _____ muscles are large muscles involved in cervical and head movements.

splenius

The _____ muscle is primarily responsible for flexion and rotation of the head and neck.

sternocleidomastoid

Cranial nerve 11 and the spinal nerves of C2 and C3 innervate the _____.

sternocleidomastoid muscle

The are horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis at three or more locations.

tendinous inscriptions

The _____ is the chief muscle of forced expiration and is effective—together with the rectus abdominis, the external oblique abdominal, and the internal oblique abdominal muscles—in helping hold the abdomen flat.

transversus abdominis

True or false: All three muscles that make up the anterior vertebral muscles are flexors of the head and upper cervical spine.

true

True or false: The linea alba divides each rectus abdominis and serves as its medial border.

true

True or false: The tendinous inscriptions give the rectus abdominis its segmented appearance.

true