Anatomy II ch 21

A typical adult has about how many lymph nodes?

450

Which are features of lymphatic vessels?

A tunica interna is present Valves are present Smooth muscle is present in the vessel wall

Which lymphatic vessels carry lymph into a lymph node?

Afferent

Place the structures that lymph flows through a lymph node in order.

Afferent lymphatic vessel Subcapsular sinus of the cortex Sinus of the cortex and medulla Efferent lymphatic vessel

What are mucosal associated lymphatic tissues?

Aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes

What is lymphedema?

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues

What are functions of lymph nodes?

Filtration of lymph Site of B and T cell activation

A ---------------------center is an area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation occurs.

Germinal

Where in a lymph node do B-cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and activation?

Germinal center

What are three functions of the lymphatic system?

Immunity Absorption of lipids Fluid recovery from tissues

What are the lymphatic system's main functions?

Immunity, absorption of lipids, fluid recovery

Where are lymphatic vessels found?

In most body tissue, except the CNS, cartilage cornea, bone and bone marrow.

The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid, is called ---------------.

Lymph

Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which of the following?

Lymphatic organs

The thymus is considered part of which body systems?

Lymphatic system Endocrine system Immune system

Natural killer cells belong to which group of cells?

Lymphocytes

Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells are called----------------.

Macrophages

Which cells function as antigen presenting cells?

Macrophages Dendritic cells

Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?

Reticular cells

Which collecting duct receives the least amount of lymph?

Right lymphatic duct

What is the body's largest lymphatic organ?

Spleen

Which class of lymphocyte matures in the thymus?

T cells

Which duct drains the most lymph?

Thoracic duct

Which vessel is indicated in the figure?

Thoracic duct

Which are primary lymphatic organs?

Thymus Red bone marrow

Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to which of the following?

Veins

A cell that phagocytizes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system is a(n) ______ cell.

antigen presenting

Collecting vessels are formed by the convergence of several lymphatic-------------------

capillaries

The cell that is found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphoid tissues that initiates immune responses by activating lymphocytes and secreting cytokines is the------------------ .

dendritic cells

Which cells are highly branched APCs found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissues?

dendritic cells

Lymphatic vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node are called----------------- lymphatic vessels.

efferent

An abnormal accumulation of non-inflammatory tissue fluid resulting in swelling is known as-------------

lymphedema

Lymph leaving the lymph nodes contains a large number of ______. Multiple choice question.

lymphocytes

What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called?

macrophages

What does MALT stand for?

mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

The ---------killer cell is a lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells.

natural

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph===============.

node

A-------cell produces antibodies.

plasma

Hemopoiesis occurs in the ----------------- bone marrow.

red

The branched---------- cells help form the connective tissue framework of the thymus.

reticular

The two collecting ducts are the ______ ducts. Multiple choice question.

right and thoracic

The _______ is indicated by the arrow in the figure.

right lymphatic duct

The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as ______ lymphatic organs.

secondary

The large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney is the-----------------------.

spleen

Which bone marrow is mainly adipose tissue?

yellow

How many lymphatic trunks are normally found in the body?

11

Which tissues lack lymphatic vessels?

Bone marrow Cornea Cartilage

Which describes lymphatic capillaries? Multiple choice question.

Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells Reason: Lymphatic capillaries are closed ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells. The cells are not attached by tight junctions, and they are not attached to a continuous basal lamina.

What do lymphatic trunks converge to form?

Collecting ducts

True or false: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Dendritic cells Macrophages

Which cell produces antibodies?

Plasma cell

Which factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph?

The skeletal muscle pump The respiratory pump Valves

Lymph enters a lymph node via ______ vessels and exits a lymph node via ______ vessels.

afferent, efferent

True or false: Both lymphatic tissues and lymphatic organs have distinct connective tissue capsules surrounding them.

false

True or false: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

false

The organ where T-cells mature is the ______.

thymus

The ______ are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens.

tonsils

The overlapping edges of the endothelial cells of a lymphatic capillary act as ______.

valves