Anatomy of the Hand (digits+palm+carpals)+Wrist (Distal Radius/Ulna=wrist joint)

Joints that occur between articulating carpal bones is called?

Intercarpal joints Plane (gliding) joint Synovial joint classification (Fibrous articular capsule containing a synovial membrane within the joint cavity that secretes synovial fluid and surrounded by strengthening accessory ligaments)

Name of the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges of the hand are called? how many in one hand?

Metacarpophalangeal joint--- (MCP) Joint (5 metacarpophalangeal joints in one hand) EX: Describing location of Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint for patient history or description: -First MCP joint, right or left hand -Second MCP joint, right or left hand -Third MCP joint, right or left hand -Fourth MCP joint, right or left hand -Fifth MCP joint, right or left hand ------------------------------------------------------------- Metacarpophalangeal joint---(MCP) Joints classification, movement, and mobility type: *Classification: (Metacarpophalangeal joint) -Synovial joint-(made up of a Fibrous capsule, lined with a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid) **Exposed ends of bones classified as synovial joints have: -Hyaline Articular cartilage on both ends of the bone -Encased in a Fibrous capsule, filled with a lubricating synovial fluid within the joint cavity. The capsule is strengthened by accessory ligaments which reinforce the joint limiting it's movement in a undesirable direction. *Mobility type: (Metacarpophalangeal joint) -Diarthrodial- freely movable (but not all diathrodial joints move in the same way. So even though they are classifed as Freely movable synovial joints they may only move in certain directions) *Movement type: (Metacarpophalangeal joint) -Ellipsoidal/Condyloid joint. ***Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction****

Bones that make up the palm of the hand are called? How many in one hand?

*Metacarpals: (5 total Metacarpals in one hand) -Metacarpals are categorized same as Phalanges in anatomical position. 1st digit= thumb= 1st metacarpal (distal to thumb) 2nd digit= index finger= 2nd metacarpal (distal to index finger) 3rd digit= middle finger= 3rd metacarpal (distal to middle finger) 4th digit= ring finger= 4th metacarpal (distal to ring finger) 5th digit= pinky finger= 5th metacarpal (distal to pinky finger) EX: Describing location of metacarpals for patient history or description: -First metacarpal, right or left hand -Second metacarpal, right or left hand -Third metacarpal, right or left hand -Fourth metacarpal, right or left hand -Fifth metacarpal, right or left hand **Each metacarpal is composed of three parts: -Distal end of metacarpal= Head -Shaft or middle of metacarpal= Body -Proximal end of metacarpal= Base **Meta means "beyond" or "After", metacarpals are bones that are located "beyond" or come "After" the carpals/wrist bones.

Bones that make up the digits of the hand are called the?

*Phalanges: (14 total Phalanges in one hand) -On digits 2, 3, 4, and 5 there are three sections on each digit-proximal/middle/distal. -On the first digit (thumb) there are only two sections on that digit-proximal/distal. -Similar to metacarpals, phalanges cane be broken up into Base, body, and head. -Distal end of phalanx = Head (TUFTS) -Shaft or middle of phalanx = Body (diaphasys -Proximal end of phalanx= Base -Most distal end of the phalanges are called the "TUFTS" Phalanx-Singular Phalanges-Plural Phalangeal-Adjective EX: Describing location of Phalanges for patient history or description: -Distal or Proximal phalanx, first digit, right or left hand -Distal, MIddle, or Proximal phalanx, Second, third, fourth, or fifth digit, right or left hand.

Bones that make up the wrist are called? how many in one wrist? Name all the carpal bones in order, lateral (thumb side, first digit) to medial (pinky side, fifth digit), proximal row first then distal row.

Carpal bones (8 total carpal bones in one wrist) **Carpal= "Greek" for Wrist (Proximal row-4 carpal bones) Lateral (thumb side, first digit) to medial (pinky side, fifth digit) 1. Scaphoid-Navicular-"Greek" for boat (shaped) *ARTICULATES WITH THE RADIUS PROXIMALLY (or at the distal end of the Radius) *MOST COMMON FRACTURE OF THE WRIST *Fracture of the Schapoid can lead to avascular necrosis due to a unique blood supply ,which will produce gas, and show up on a xray. *PA projection with the position of the hand in Ulnar deviation (called Stecher's method), pronated, palmer surface down is used for viewing possible Scaphoid fracture. *Also called Carpo-navicular, not to be confused with Tarso-navicular in the foot. 2. Lunate-Semi lunar-"Latin" for Moon (shaped) *ARTICULATES WITH THE RADIUS PROXIMALLY (or at the distal end of the Radius) *Also articulates with CAPITATE, best seen on a ANTERIOR (Palmer surface) view 3. Triquetrum-Triquetral-Triangular-"Latin" for 3 corners *Has three articular surfaces that articulate with HAMATE, LUNATE, and, PISIFORM. 4. Pisiform- "Latin" for Pea (shaped) *Located anterior to the Triquetrum carpal bone. (so Pisiform articulates anteriorly to the Triquetrum (Triquetral) carpal bone. *SMALLEST carpal bone, hard to see on a PA projection. Can see this carpal bone on a AP projection (Palmar surface). MORE EVIDENT on a Tangential/Inferosuperior Projection also on the Carpal canal/Gaynor-Hart Method better to rule out fractures of this bone. (Distal row-4 carpal bones) Lateral (thumb side, first digit) to medial (pinky side, fifth digit) 5. Trapezium-Greater Multangular- "Latin" for Table (shaped) *Four sided carpal bone, located proximal to the FIRST metacarpal (thumb). Therefore it ARTICULATES with the FIRST (metacarpal) DIGIT (THUMB) and is included in a radiographic examination of the thumb. 6. Trapezoid-Lesser Multangular- "Latin" for Table (shaped) *Four sided carpal bone 7. Capitate-OS Magnum-"Latin" for Head (Shaped) *LARGEST carpal bone 8. Hamate-Unciform-"Latin" for Hook (shaped) *Contains a "hook" like process called Hamulus. The Hamulus of Hamate projects from it's ANTERIOR (PALMAR SURFACE.) *Tangential/inferosuperior projection, with the position of the hand dorsiflexed 90 degrees (called Carpal canal/Gaynor-Hart Method) for viewing the Hamulus of Hamate, Pisiform, and the Carpal canal. -Used to rule out Abnormal changes in the carpal sulcus, which can impinge on the MEDIAN NERVE, which occurs with CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. -used to rule out possible fractures of the HAMATE, HAMULUS (process of HAMATE), and PISIFORM carpal bones. -------------------------------------------------------------- **Mnemonic to remember the carpal bones, proximal row first, then distal row. Lateral to medial. Some-Scaphoid Lovers-Lunate Try-Triquetrum Positions-Pisiform That-Trapezium They-Trapezoid Cant-Capitate Handle-Hamate -------------------------------------------------------------

Name the joints between the Carpals and Metacarpals ? How many are there?

Carpometacarpal Joints (CMC) joints 5 CMC joints in each hand *CMC joints are articulations between the distal row of carpals and base of the metacarpal bones. -First MC bone articulates with the trapezium carpal bone at the 1st CMC joint. -Second MC bone articulates with the trapezoid carpal bone at the 2nd CMC joint. -Third MC bone articulates with the Capitate carpal bone at the 3rd CMC joint -Fourth and Fifth MC bone articulates with the Hamate carpal bone at the 4th and 5th CMC joint. 1st CMC joints movement type=Saddle (Sellar) joint ***Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, OPPOSITION, and limited rotation. *** First CMC joint is also called the TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL joint. It is the articulation of the trapezium (carpal bone) and 1st metacarpal of the thumb. It is the most specialized and flexible/moveable of all the CMC joints. 2nd-5th CMC joints movement type=Plane (gliding) joint ***Allows for least amount of movement of all the synovial joints. Movement is limited by a tighter fibrous capsule. *Classified as a Synovial joint-(made up of a Fibrous capsule, lined with a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid) **Exposed ends of bones classified as synovial joints have: -Hyaline Articular cartilage on both ends of the bone -Encased in a Fibrous capsule, filled with a lubricating synovial fluid within the joint cavity. The capsule is strengthened by accessory ligaments which reinforce the joint limiting it's movement in a undesirable direction. *Mobility type of synovial joints are: Diarthrodial- freely movable (but not all diathrodial joints move in the same way. So even though they are classified as Freely movable synovial joints they may only move in certain directions)

Name of the joints that are between the Phalanges of each digit of the hand are called ? How many in one hand?

Interphalangeal joints -Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP joints) (4 in one hand) **(located on digits 2, 3, 4, and 5) index, middle, ring, and pinky finger. -Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP joint) (4 in one hand) **(located on digits 2, 3, 4, and 5) index, middle, ring, and pinky finger. -Only one single interphalangeal joint of the 1st digit (thumb), and its name is "interphalangeal joint." EX: Describing location of interphalangeal joints for patient history or description: -Interphalangeal joint, first digit, right or left hand. -Distal interphalangeal joint, second, third, fourth, or fifth digit, right or left hand. -Proximal interphalangeal joint, second, third, fourth, or fifth digit, right or left hand. _______________________________________________________________________________ Interphalangeal joints classification, movement, and mobility type: *Joint Classification: (interphalangeal joints) -Synovial joint-(made up of a Fibrous capsule, lined with a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid) **Exposed ends of bones classified as synovial joints have: -Hyaline Articular cartilage on both ends of the bone -Encased in a Fibrous capsule, filled with a lubricating synovial fluid within the joint cavity. The capsule is strengthened by accessory ligaments which reinforce the joint limiting it's movement in a undesirable direction. *Joint Mobility type: (interphalangeal joints) -Diarthrodial- freely movable (but not all diathrodial joints move in the same way. So even though they are classified as Freely movable synovial joints they may only move in certain directions) *Joint Movement type: (interphalangeal joints) -Hinge joint (Ginglymus) ***Only allows for Flexion and Extension***

Another name for the wrist joint is called the?

Radiocarpal joint -ONLY the RADIUS ARTICULATES directly with two carpal bones, which are, SCAPHOID and LUNATE carpal bones. -The TRIQUETRAL bone is also part of the wrist joint ?????? Diathrodial-Freely movable synovial joint, Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) joint, which allows the wrist to flexion, extension, abduction (RADIAL DEVIATION), adduction (ULNAR DEVIATION ), and circumduction. Synovial joint classification (Fibrous capsule containing a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid within the joint cavity located between two articulating bones covered with Hyaline (articular) cartilage, and surrounded by strengthening accessory ligaments)