anatomy patella femur and knee joint
linea aspera
- found only on the posterior aspect of the femur -double bony ridge that passes longitudinally down the bone -formed by the convergence of three small ridges -helps form popiteal surface
head of the femur
-caput femoris -WILL ALWAYS BE MEDIAL -upper expanded rounded end that articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint (not palpable)
popiteal surface of the femur
-flat and on the dorsal aspect of the lower femur between the divided ridges of the linea aspera
nutrient foramen
-found on the posterior femur
patella
-kneecap -largest sesmoid in the body -palable and has an apex and a base
menisci
-semi lunar cartilage -two half moon shaped discs within the knee joint -act as cushions or shock absorbers to lesson jarring medial cartilage- between medial femoral and medial tibial condyles lateral cartilage- between lateral femoral and lateral tibial condyles -torn during physical exercise
knee joint
-synovial gliding hinge and condylar gliding type joint -allows flexion extension and internal and external rotation
femur
-thigh bone -two femura left and right -longest and strongest bone in the body -extends from the hip joint to the knee joint -curved somewhat anteriorly to endure the weight of the body
femur head
MEDIAL
intercondylar fossa
a deep notch between the posterior parts of the femoral condyles
bipartite patella
a patella that presents as two separate bones sometimes the upper lateral part develops from a seperate ossification that does not unite with the remainder of the bone
fovea capitus
a pit/hole at the head of the femur -small but definite hole at the center of the head -ligament teres attaches
intertrochanteric Crest
a ridge of bone that passes obliquely across the BACK of the upper femur -between the greater and lesser trochanters
intertrochanteric line
a ridge that passes obliquely across the ANTERIOR/FRONT surface of the upper femur -between the greater and lesser trochanters
lateral epicondyle
above lateral condyle
prosthesis
an orthopedic appliance used to mend fractures of the hip made of titanium steel (old) can now withstand MRI used for fractured body parts that are displaced and cannot be casted
inferior portion of the patella
apex
superior portion of the patella
base
body/shaft of femur
cylindrical part becomes broadened as it approaches the knee joint
acetabulum
deep circular cup shaped depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone **femur head articulates**
proximal extremity of femur includes
femoral head neck greater and lesser trochanters intertrochanteric line and crest fovea capitus
patella bone classification
flat bone
patellar ligament
holds the kneecap (patella) in place located between the apex and tibial tuberosity
another name for patella
kneecap
medial epicondyle
large prominence above the medial condyle -much larger than the lateral epicondyle
greater trochanter
large prominence on the lateral surface of the upper femur -thin patients it can be palpated through the skin -upper most border lies in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis
where is the patella located in reference to the knee joint
lies anterior to the knee joint
femur bone classification
long bone
apex
lower pointed distal end of the patella (inferior)
distal extremity of femur includes
medial & lateral condyle medial and lateraly epicondyle adducter tubercle intercondylar fossa patellar surface
portion of the femur most fractured by elderly
neck of the femur -connects the head to the rest of the body
posterior surface of the patella articulates to..
patellar ligament
lateral condyle
rounded knob like process that forms the lateral aspect of the distal end of the femur -articulates to the lateral condyle of the tibia to help form the knee joint
medial condyle
rounded knob like process that forms the medial aspect of the distal end of the femur -articulates to medial condyle of the tibia to help form the knee joint
adducter tubercle
small process found on the medial surface of the medial epicondyle (bump)
lesser trochanter
smaller rounded process that extends medially on the femur -cannot be palpated - @ lower level than greater trochanter
patellar surface of the femur
smooth anterior surface of the distal aspect of the femur -between the femoral condyles -forms knee joint
posterior surface of the patella
smooth surface of the patella that glides over the patellar surface of the femur, as the knee is flexed
cruciate ligaments
two bands of fiberous tissue that pass up the posterior aspect of the tibia into the intercondylar fossa -form the letter x (hence cruciate or cross) posterior- PCL anterior- ACL
