Anatomy Review Questions
Scrapie
A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep is: -Chronic wasting disease (CWD) -Scrapie -BSE -Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Ulna
An ununited aconeal process is seen in what bone? -Fibula -Radius -Tibia -Ulna
False
As long as the patient is on antibiotics, we don't have to worry about sterility when placing a urinary catheter
Volkmann's canals
Blood vessels pass through countless tiny channels in bone called: -Volkmann's canals -growth plates -nutrient foramina -chondyles
Involuntary, striated muscle
Cardiac muscle is classified as: -Involuntary, nonstriated muscle -Involuntary, striated muscle -Voluntary, nonstriated muscle -Voluntary, striated muscle
neuroglia
Cells that support neurons structurally and functionally are called: -dendrites -axons -neuroglia -soma
brain stem
Damage to this part of the brain can result in rapid death -brain stem -cerebellum -cerebrum -diencephalon
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones results in: -Abduction -Adduction -Extension -Flexion
Pancreas
Digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease are produced by the: -Liver -Pancreas -Gall bladder -Spleen
True
During depolarization, sodium ions move into the neuron
Homeostasis
Dynamic equilibrium in the body is called: -sensation -metabolism -hemostasis -homeostasis
Cartilage
Endochondral bone formation in a fetus take place over a _________ template that is eventually replaced by bone -Adipose tissue -Cartilage -Fibrous connective tissue -Membrane
True
Eosinophils have dark blue/purple staining granules
Canine
In what species will you find an os penis? -Bovine -Canine -Equine -Feline
Enzymes
Many neurotransmitters are broken down by: -Enzymes -Hormones -Potassium -Sodium
Iris
The dividing structure that separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber is the: -Choroid -Iris -Lens -Limbus
Epicondyles
The medial and lateral palpable surgaces at the distal end of the humerus are the: -malleoli -condyles -styloid processes -epicondyles
Joints
The medical prefix arthr/o refers to the: -Vertebrae -Bones -Ribs -Joints
Eyelid
The medical prefix blephar/o refers to the: -Cornea -Eyelid -Conjunctiva -Sclera
Bile
The medical prefix chol/e refers to: -Saliva -Digestive enzymes -Bile -Feces
Cyst/o
The medical prefix for "Urinary bladder" is: -Pyel/o -Ren/o -Glomerul/o -Cyst/o
Ren/o
The medical prefix for "kidney" is: -Pyel/o -Ren/o -Glomerul/o -Cyst/o
All of the above
The medical prefix for abdomen is: -abdomin/o -celi/o -lapar/o -All of the above
Hair
The medical prefix pil/o refers to: -Hair -Sweat -Hooves -Pus
saliva
The medical prefix sial/o refers to: -saliva -digestive enzymes -bile -feces
Acetylcholine
The neutrotransmitter released in the neuromuscular junction is: -Acetylcholine -Epinephrine -Dopamine -Glycine
Head
The sensory organs and structures associated with the special senses are all located in the: -Brain -Head -Neck -Spinal Cord
Retina
The sensory receptors for vision are located in the: -Ciliary body -Cornea -Lens -Retina
mitotic phase
The somatic cell is actively dividing during this phase: -mitotic phase -interphase -meiosis -G1 and G2
Synapse
The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the: -Symphysis -Synapse -Telodendron -Threshold
Dorsal
The tail gland is located on the _________ surface of the tail -Caudal -Dorsal -Lateral -Ventral
Calcitronin
This hormone helps prevent hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium in bones: -parathyroid hormone -calcitonin -antidiuretic hormone -oxytocin
False
True or False: neurons have a great reproductive ability
Blood Pressure
What cardiac monitoring test can be used to assess tissue perfusion? -Thoracic radiography -Electrocardiography -Blood Pressure -Echocardiography
True
When sending in tissues for histopathologic examination, the excess formalin in the bottle should never be removed until the tissues arrive at the lab or tissue artifacts will result
Ergots
Which dark, horny structures are found buried in the long, caudal hairs of equine fetlocks? -Chestnuts -Dewclaws -Ergots -Metacarpal pads
Both b and d
Which endocrine organ is located in the neck near the larynx? -Pituitary gland -Thyroid gland -Adrenal gland -Parathyroid glands -Both b and d
When an impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it causes the release of potassium ions into the sarcoplasm
Which of the following is false? -Both contraction and relaxation require expenditure of ATP -When an impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it causes the release of potassium ions into the sarcoplasm -Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for the impulse that leads to muscle contraction -Actin filaments are pulled closer together during muscle contraction
Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic fibers are necessary for the heart's function
Which of the following is true? -Sympathetic fibers stimulate the heart to beat harder and faster -Parasympathetic fibers stimulate the heart to beat more slowly with less force -Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic fibers are necessary for the heart's function -all of the above
Smell
Which one of the following senses is a special sense? -Pain -Smell -Temperature -Touch
False (more of a short term diet)
A patient may be on Hill's s/d for long-term management of struvite urolithiasis
Sarcomere
The contractile unit of a muscle cell is called a: -myofibril -sarcomere -myofilament -sarcoplasm
Transitional cell epithelium
The majority of the urinary tract is lined with: -simple squamos epithelium -Pseudostratified columnar epithelium -Stratified cuboidal epithelium -Transitional cell epithelium
Occipital bone
The most caudal external bone of the cranium is the: -Frontal bone -Interparietal bone -Occupital bone -Temporal bone
Synergist
The muscle responsible for assisting the movement caused by another muscle is a _________ muscle -Fixator -Antagonist -Agonist -Synergist
elastic connective tissue
The nuchal ligament in the neck of horses consists of: -dense irregular connective tissue -dense fibrous connective tissue -elastic connective tissue -b and c
Ampulla
The only accessory reproductive gland lacking in the boar is the: -Prostate gland -Cowper's glands -Seminal vesicles -Ampulla
The renal cortex
The renal corpuscle is ALWAYS located in: -The renal pelvis -The renal cortex -The renal hilus -The renal medulla
True
True or False: Multi-unit smooth muscle requires nerve stimulation to function while visceral smooth muscle does not
True
True or False: Primary hairs are the dominant hair type in most animal species
True
True or False: Prior to starting a necropsy, the patient's full signalment (species, breed, sex, age, and identifying tags/chips/tattoos) should be confirmed and the history and clinical findings reviewed
True
True or False: Red blood cell formation is triggered by the hormone erythropoietin which is produced in the bone marrow
False (can be processed in the spinal cord)
True or False: Reflex responses must be processed in the brain
boar
Which animal has a sigmoid flexure? -cat -dog -boar -stallion
Ot/o
Which of the following is a medical prefix for "Ear"? -Ophthalm/o -Onchy/o -Ot/o -Orchid/o
Leukocytes
White blood cells are known anatomically as: -Leukocytes -Hepatocytes -Thrombocytes -Erythrocytes
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The structure within the myofibril that stores calcium ions is the: -Sarcoplasmic reticulum -Sarcolemma -Transverse tubules -Sarcoplasm
a and b
The sympathetic nervous system causes: -constriction of small blood vessels supplying the kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract -pupil dilation -decreased heart rate -a and b
Chewing
The term "mastication" means: -Grabbing -Belching -Swallowing -Chewing
Palpebral conjunctiva
The thin transparent membrane that lines the eyelids is the: -Basilar membrane -Bulbar conjunctiva -Nicitating membrane -Palpebral conjunctiva
Its location
The triceps brachii muscle is partially named based on: -its action -its location -the size of its fibers -the direction the fibers run
Skeletal muscle
The type of muscle tissue that contains multiple nuclei per muscle cell is: -Visceral smooth muscle -Skeletal muscle -Cardiac muscle -Multiunit smooth muscle
Brainstem
The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the: -Brainstem -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Diencephalon
Behind the lens and ciliary body
The vitreous compartment of the eyeball is located: -Behind the lens and ciliary body -Behind the lens and in front of the ciliary body -In front of the lens and behind the ciliary body -In front of the lens and ciliary body
12
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves -12 -18 -20 -24
With inspiratory dyspnea
Tracheal collapse is often seen: -In large breeds of dogs -In underweight animals -With inspiratory dyspnea -With overlapping tracheal rings
The contraction rate of the fastest cell
Groups of cardiac muscle cells adapt their contraction rate to: -The average contraction rate of the cells -The contraction rate of the fastest cell -The contraction rate of the slowest cell -The median contraction rate of all the cells
Mast cells
Histamine and heparin are released by: -macrophages -reticular cells -goblet cells -mast cells
Two
How many digits are weight bearing in cloven-hooved species? -one -two -three -four
A lack of circulating oxygen
Hypoxia is: -A lack of red blood cells -A lack of circulating oxygen -A lack of hemoglobin -A lack of circulating carbon dioxide
raises, increases
If the carbon dioxide level in the blood decreases, the pH usually __________ and respiration ________ -rises, increases -lowers, increases -rises, decreases -lowers, decreases
They bronchodilates
In a healthy animal, what happens to the bronchial passageways during times of intense physical activity -They partially bronchoconstrict -They bronchodilate -Bronchial smooth muscle partially contracts -Bronchial skeletal muscle relaxes
Creatine phosphate
In muscle, the source of a phosphate molecule needed to recharge an ADP molecule to an ATP molecule is: -Acetylcholinesterase -Acetylcholine -Creatine phosphatase -Creatine phosphate
Oviduct
In which part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization occur -Oviduct -Uterus -Vagina -Uterine horn
Equine
In which species of animal would you find a planum nasolabiale? -Canine -Equine -Feline -Porcine
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones results in: -Abduction -Adduction -Extension -Flexion
Polyuria
Insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone by the posterior pituitary gland can result in: -polyuria -anuria -proteinuria -nephritis
Making the urine more acidic
Treatment of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Urolithiasis focuses on -Altering the protein content of the diet -Making the urine more acidic -Altering the nitrogen content of the diet -Making the urine more alkaline
Both Hearing and Equilibrium
Nerve impulses for which special sense are transmitted to the brain via Cranial Nerve #8 -Hearing -Equilibrium -Vision -Smell -Both Hearing and Equilibrium
frog
On the underside of the hoof, this horny structure is located between the heels: -frog -wall -sole -digital cushion
Cool water
Once removed, the interior of the eye can be examined by immersion in: -Alcohol -Bouin fixative -Cool water -10% formalin
Sodium channels
Opening of which ion channels triggers the action potential in the neuron? -potassium channels -chloride channels -sodium channels -calcium channels
Refrigerated
Samples for prion disease surveillance should be: -Fixed in Bouin fixative -Frozen -Refrigerated -Fixed in formalin
Nasal passages
Sinuses are outpouchings of the: -Larynx -Nasal passages -Nasal septum -Pharynx
Potassium
Sodium cotransport involves the movement of amino acids and __________ from the tubular lumen into epithelial cells on the same protein as sodium -ammonium -glucose -potassium -chloride
Eyes
Some tissues should be preserved in Bouin fixative, because it produces less tissue shrinkage and better preservation of cellular detail. Which of the following tissues should be preserved in Bouin fixative? -Brain -Liver -Eyes -Lungs
on the tongue and in the lining of the mouth and throat
Taste buds are found here: -in the nose -on the roof of the mouth -on the tongue and in the lining of the mouth and throat -none of the above
Stallion
The "S-shaped" bend in the penis called the sigmoid flexure is present in all of the following species except: -Bull -Boar -Ram -Stallion
7.35-7.45
The acceptable pH range in most animals is: -6.00-8.00 -6.45-7.45 -7.35-7.45 -7.45-7.65
The contraction of a muscle fiber
The all or nothing principle of muscle physiology refers to: -Release of acetylcholinesterase -Release of calcium ions -The contraction of a muscle -The contraction of a muscle fiber
Base
The atria (atrial chambers) are located at the ___________ of the heart -Apex -Base -Left side -Right side
Mucus
The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of __________ on top of it to trap foreign debris -Mucigel -Mucor -Mucous -Mucus
Pia mater
The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the: -Arachnoid -Dura mater -Endocranium -Pia mater
Thoracic inlet
The cranial border of the thoracic cavity is the: -Thoracic vertebrae -Diaphragm -Thoracic inlet -Sternum
Ethmoid bone
The cribform plate is contained within the: -Ethmoid bone -Incisive bone -Sphenoid bone -Vomer bone
contralateral and somatic
The crossed extensor reflex is: -ipsilateral and autonomic -ipsilateral and somatic -contralateral and somatic -contralateral and autonomic
Connective tissue
The eardrum is made up of: -Adipose tissue -Connective tissue -Epithelial tissue -Muscle tissue
Nervous system
The endocrine system works closely with which other body system to maintain homeostasis in the body? -Nervous system -Cardiovascular system -Hematologic system -Lymphatic system
The pericardium
The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the: -Endocardium -Epicardium -Myocardium -Pericardium
vasoconstriction to control hemorrhaging
The first step that occurs in the process of inflammation: -vasoconstriction to control hemorrhaging -clot formation -vasodilation -invasion of neutrophils and macrophages
Arterioles
The glomerulus is composed of: -arterioles -venules -capillaries -nephrons
unicellular, exocrine gland
The goblet cell is described as: -multicellular exocrine gland -unicellular exocrine gland -multicellular endocrine gland -unicellular
Mediastinum
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the two lungs. This space is called the: -Median Plane -Mediastinum -Meninx -Menstruum
On the medial surface of each lung
The hilus is found: -On the medial surface of each lobe -On the medial surface of each lung -On the ventral surface of each lobe -On the ventral surface of each lung
Equine
The ileum connects directly to the cecum in which species? -Feline -Porcine -Canine -Equine
Monocyte
The largest leukocytes found in circulation are the: -Neutrophils -Lymphocytes -Eosinophils -Monocytes
Body
The largest section of the monogastric stomach where some mechanical digestion occurs is the: -Body -Pylorus -Fundus -Cardia
Basophils
The leukocytes seen least commonly in circulation are the: -Eosinophils -Monocytes -Basophils -Lymphocytes
Aldosterone
The main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is: -Aldosterone -Cortisol -Epinephrine -Estrogen
extension and flexion
The main movements possible in a gliding joint in four-legged animals are: -abduction and adduction -adduction and extension -extension and flexion -flexion and abduction
Diaphysis
The main shaft of a long bone is known as the: -Epiphysis -Physis -Metaphysis -Diaphysis
Ileum
The majority of the Peyer's patches in the GI tract are found in the: -Duodenum -Jejunum -Ileum -Cecum
Prostate gland
The only accessory reproductive gland present in the dog is the: -Prostate gland -Cowper's glands -Seminal vesicles -Ampulla
Pupil
The opening at the center of the "diaphragm" of the eye is the: -Choroid -Ciliary body -Limbus -Pupil
Spleen
The organ that functions to store and process red blood cells is the: -Liver -Kidney -Heart -Spleen
middle ear
The ossicles are located here: -inner ear -outer ear -pinna -middle ear
endoplasmic reticulum
The outer layer of the nuclear membrane is continuous with the: -mitochondria -cell membrane -endoplasmic reticulum -centrioles
Epimysium
The outermost connective tissue layer of a muscle is the: -Ectomysium -Perimysium -Epimysium -Endomysium
Epicardium
The outermost layer of the heart itself is the: -Endocardium -Epicardium -Myocardium -Pericardium
Cerebrum
The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the: -Brainstem -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Diencephalon
Cerebellum
The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the: -Brainstem -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Diencephalon
Cerebrum
The part of the brain that is responsible for learning, intelligence, and awareness ("higher-order" functions) is: -cerebellum -cerebrum -brain stem -corpus callosum
Papilla
The part of the hair that is buried within the skin is the: -Follicle -Papilla -Root -Shaft
Acetylcholine
The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system: -Acetylcholine -Dopamine -Epinephrine -Norepinephrin
Cytoskeleton, organelles, inclusions, and cytosol
The principle components of cytoplasm -cytoskeleton, organelles, inclusions, and cytosol -cilica, cytosol, and intermediate fibers -flagella, mitochondria, lysosomes, and cytosol -golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton and cilia
Myelography
The radiographic procedure that uses radiopaque dye injected into the space just beneath the arachnoid membrane to highlight areas of spinal cord compression is: -Myelinography -Meningeography -Myelography -Myography
True
True or False: Flexion refers to joint movement that decreases the angle between bones
The area inside the kidney that funnels urine into the ureter
The renal pelvis is: -The middle layer of the kidney -The area inside the kidney that funnels urine into the ureter -The outermost layer of the kidney -The indented area on the medial side where vessels and ureters enter and exit
Right Ventricle
The right atrium pumps blood into the ________ -Aorta -Left atrium -Pulmonary artery -Right ventricle
Corium
The sensitive vascular tissue in both claws and hooves is the: -corium -frog -periosteum -sole
False
True or False: A necropsy is generally only useful for determining the disease process of an individual animal, not the risk of disease in a group of animals
True
True or False: Afferent lymph vessels bring lymph fluid into the lymph nodes where debris is filtered out of the fluid
True
True or False: After antigenic stimulation, B cells transforms into plasma cells
False
True or False: An animal can never consume too much protein
True
True or False: Birds have only a left ovary
False
True or False: Both oxygen and carbon dioxide must be bound to hemoglobin to circulate throughout the body
True
True or False: Both pigs and cats have multipyramidal kidneys
False (Struvite do)
True or False: Calcium oxalate crystals frequently form in refrigerated urine
True
True or False: Endochondral bone formation is the process that occurs when a cartilage template skeleton gradually ossifies to form boney skeleton
True
True or False: Endocrine hormones are very specific in their target receptors and generally will not bind to other receptors in the body
True
True or False: Eructation is necessary in ruminants in order to remove gas from the ruminoreticular chamber and prevent bloat
False (ball in socket)
True or False: Gliding joints allow the most extensive movement of all the types of joints
True
True or False: Hormones released from the posterior pituitary gland are produces in the hypothalamus and are just stored in the posterior pituitary until they are needed.
False
True or False: In a fight or flight situation, activity in the GIT is increase
False
True or False: In the cat, semen is deposited directly into the uterus ejaculation
False (Transitional cell epithelium)
True or False: In the urinary bladder, pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells are able to stretch and thin out as the bladder fills with urine
False (the act of chewing)
True or False: Mechanical digestion requires enzymes to break food down into smaller components
True
True or False: Mitochondria contain the DNA, RNA, and enzymes necessary to make protein
True
True or False: Nerves for the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebral regions in the back
True
True or False: Phagocytosis involves engulfing solid material via a minute infolding of the plasma membrane
True
True or False: Platelets are actually pieces of cytoplasm that have broken off of a larger cell
False (skeletal muscle)
True or False: Smooth muscles move the bones of the skeleton and are under conscious control
True
True or False: The Eustachian Tube connects the pharynx to the inner ear to equalize the pressure in the vestibular apparatus
True
True or False: The alimentary tract is another name for the digestive tract
False (Axial skeleton)
True or False: The appendicular skeleton refers to all the bones that run down the center of the body (ie vertebrae, skull, ribs, pelvis)
False (where the veins enter the kidney)
True or False: The area of the bladder where the ureters enter is called the hilus
False
True or False: The best way to examine organs and tissue during a necropsy is to first remove the organ from the body and then examine all parts of that organ.
False (to the brain from the heart)
True or False: The carotid vessel return blood to the heart from the brain
True
True or False: The cervix should only be open during estrus and parturition. The rest of the time it should remain closed
True
True or False: The end of a muscle that undergoes the LEAST movement is the insertion
True
True or False: The fatty, connective tissue structure connected to the stomach that helps to hold the abdominal organs in place is the omasum
True
True or False: The fetal body's tissues, organs, and systems develop during the second trimester
True
True or False: The folds in the mucosal layer of the stomach are called plica
True
True or False: The function of bile is to assist the breakdown of lipids in the GI tract
False
True or False: The hard palate is made of the palatine and incisive bones
True
True or False: The intestines are located in the ventral body cavity, caudal to the diaphragm
True
True or False: The linea alba is an example of aponeurosis
True
True or False: The majority of the hormones released from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland are named as "stimulating hormones"
True
True or False: The medial and lateral cruciate ligaments to help prevent the bones of the stifle from sliding back and forth as the joint bends and straightens
True
True or False: The more active thyroid hormone is triiodothyronine (T3)
True
True or False: The myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system controls movement in the GI tract
True
True or False: The normal function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is to increase the blood pressure in the body and maintain cardiovascular volume
True
True or False: The obturator foramina are present to decrease the weight of the bone instead of as access for blood vessels or nerves as most other foramina
True
True or False: The order of amino acids in a peptide chain is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA
True
True or False: The primary growth center for endochondral bone formation is the epiphysis
True
True or False: The sac-like sections of the large intestine in equine and porcine species are called fenestrations
True
True or False: The sodium/potassium pump returned a depolarized neuron to its normal resting state by pushing sodium ions out of the neuron and pulling potassium ions into the neuron
True
True or False: The splint bones are the remnants of digits 2 & 4 in the horse
False (same side)
True or False: The term "ipsilateral" means "on the opposite side"
False (into the vestibule)
True or False: The urethra connect to the female reproductive tract by merging into the floor of the vagina
False
True or False: Tissues are made up of groups of organs that work together for common purposes
True
True or False: To stop nerve transmission, neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic space either by reabsorption or enzymatic breakdown
True
True or False: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are caused by abnormal prions
True
True or False: Treatment of ammonium urate urolithiasis usually requires both dietary therapy and drug therapy
True
True or False: Urine is moved from the kidney to the bladder via peristalsis in the ureters
True
True or False: When a vessel is damaged and a blood clot forms, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin to help stabilize the clot
True
True or False: the cranium houses and protects the brain
True
True or False: the tarsus is located in the hind leg
True
True or False: tissues, fluids, and stomach contents that are being tested for toxins may be frozen
ileus
What disease is characterized by decreased movement of ingesta in the intestines? -hardware disease -diarrhea -pericarditis -ileus
repolarization of the ventricles
What does the T wave represent on the electrocardiogram? -depolarization of the atria -repolarization of the ventricles -repolarization of the atria -depolarization of the ventricles
Surfactant
What helps decrease surface tension within alveoli? -mucus -cilia -water -surfactant
Phalanges, Metacarpal Bones, Carpal Bones, Radius/Ulna, Humerus, Scapula
What is the correct order of the bones of the thoracic limb from distal to proximal?
involution
What is the name of the process that involves the uterus gradually returning to its nonpregnant size? -parturition -stage three of labor -involution -gestation
Cornea
What part of the eyeball refracts light rays entering the eye the most? -Aqueous humor -Cornea -Lens -Vitreous humor
100%
What percentage of amino acids and glucose in the tubular filtrate are reabsorbed in the proximal convuluted tubule? -90% -25% -65% -100%
hydrogen peroxide
What product of oxygen metabolism is most important in helping neutrophils destroy microorganisms? -lysozymes -myeloperoxidase -acetic acid -hydrogen peroxide
Tendons
What structure connects muscles to bones? -tendons -muscle bellies -ligaments -sarcomeres
Withdrawl reflex
What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract? -Crossed extensor reflex -Palpebral reflex -Stretch reflex -Withdrawal reflex
flexion
When a dog lowers its head to sniff the ground, what movement is occuring between the cervical vertebrae? -extension -flexion -circumduction -abduction
Red top tube
When submitting fluid samples obtained from body cavities during necropsy, what type of container should be used? -Red top tube -Green top tube -Blue top tube -Grey top tube
Upward and backward
When the external intercostal muscles contract, they rotate the ribs -downward and backward -downward and forward -upward and backward -upward and forward
in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses
Where are amphiarthroses found? -in the skull -between the phalanges -in the temporomandibular joint -in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses
in the skull
Where are fibrous joints found? -between vertebrae and in the skull -between the splint bones and the large metatarsal and metacarpal bones in horses -in the skull -b and c
Skull
Where would you find immovable fibrous joints called sutures? -Pelvis -Rib cage -Skull -Spinal column
Equine
Which animal species can produce a very thick, foamy sweat that can cause severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance? -Ovine -Bovine -Porcine -Equine
Nicotinic receptors
Which autonomic nervous system receptors primarily affect skeletal muscle? -Alpha receptors -Beta receptors -Muscarinic receptors -Nicotinic receptors
Tibia
Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has a ridge called a crest? -Femur -Fibula -Humerus -Tibia
Electrocardiography
Which cardiac monitoring test can be used to diagnose the cause of an arrhythmia? -Thoracic radiography -Electrocariography -Blood Pressure -Echocardiography
Reticulum
Which chamber of the ruminant stomach has mucosa arranged in a honey-comb pattern -Rumen -Reticulum -Omasum -Abomasum
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and balance information to the CNS? -CN IV - Trochlear Nerve -CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve -CN IX - Glossophargyngeal Nerve -CN XI - Accessory Nerve
CN I - Olfactory Nerve
Which cranial nerve transmits smell information to the CNS? -CN I - Olfactory Nerve -CN IV - Trochlear Nerve -CN VI - Aducent Nerve -CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
The first digit
Which digit is the "dewclaw" in canine and feline species -first digit -second digit -third digit -fourth digit -fifth digit
Iron
Which element is required for the formation of hemoglobin? -Iodine -Magnesium -Iron -Maganese
Pituitary gland
Which endocrine organ is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system? -Hypothalamus -Pituitary gland -Adrenal glands -Pancreas
Pancreas
Which endocrine organ is located in the abdomen and is connected to the duodenum? -Pituitary gland -Thyroid gland -Adrenal glands -Pancreas
Temporal bones
Which external bones of the cranium form the lateral walls of the cranium? -Incisive bones -Interparietal bones -Maxillary bones -Temporal bones
Incisive bone
Which face bone houses the upper incisor teeth in a horse? -Incisive bone -Mandible -Maxillary bone -Nasal bone
Erythropoietin
Which hormone secreted from the kidney stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow? -Aldosterone -Erythropoietin -Renin -Anti-diuretic Hormone
all of the above
Which joints contain hyaline cartilage? -cartilaginous -fibrous -synovial -all of the above
Dermis
Which layer of the skin is also known as the corium? -Dermis -Epidermis -Hypodermis -Subcutaneous Layer
basophils
Which leukocytes are not seen at all on many blood smears -neutrophils -basophils -eosinophils -mast cells
dog
Which of the following animals has an os penis? -dog -walrus -raccoon -all of the above
Parietal bone
Which of the following bones would be considered a flat bone? -Parietal bone -Sacrum -Rib bone -Central tarsal bone
Radial carpal bone
Which of the following bones would be considered a short bone? -Middle phalanx -Occipital bone -Radial carpal bone -Patella
none of the above
Which of the following cause increased activity of the stomach: -large amounts of fats in the duodenum -excess stomach acid in the small intestines -large amounts of proteins in the duodenum -none of the above
Sertoli cells
Which of the following cells of the testicle is responsible for providing nutrition to the developing sperm cells? -Sertoli cells -interstitial cells -Leydig cells -Spermatozoa
The corpus luteum develops
Which of the following does not occur during metestrus? -Granulosa cells begin to multiply -Progesterone temporarily inhibits follicular development in the ovary -The corpus luteum develops -The lining of the uterus sloughs
all of the above
Which of the following happen to the heart of a racehorse during a race? -increased heart rate -increased stroke volume -increased cardiac output -all of the above
TSH
Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and travels to receptors in the thyroid gland to stimulate production of thyroid hormones? -TSH -TRH -T3 -T4
GH
Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and travels to receptors on all tissue cells to regulation metabolism and promote growth? - GHRH -TSH -GH -ACTH
Lateral saphenous vein
Which of the following is NOT a common venipuncture site in the cat? -Jugular vein -Cephalic vein -Medial saphenous vein -Lateral saphenous vein
Equilibirum
Which of the following is NOT a general sense? -Equilibrium -Nocicieption -Touch -Visceral sensation
In the brain, the grey matter is on the outside while in the spinal cord, the white matter is on the outside
Which of the following is TRUE regarding white and gray matter? -In the spinal cord the gray matter is on the outside while in the brain, the white matter is on the outside -The gray matter is on the outside of both the brain and spinal cord -In the brain the gray matter is on the outside while in the spinal cord the white matter is on the outside -The white matter is on the outside of both the brain and spinal cord
Production of cholesterol
Which of the following is a function of the liver? -production of aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase-production of red blood cells -production of ascites -production of cholesterol
Vision
Which of the following is a special sense? -Touch -Vision -Temperature -Proprioception
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Which of the following neurotransmitters in inhibitory only? -Acetylcholine -Dopamine -Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -Norepinephrine
All of the above
Which of the following represents the medical term for the uterus? -Hyster/o -uter/o -metri/o -both a and b -All of the above
they empty into hair follicles
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding apocrine glands? -they empty onto the surface of the skin -they empty into hair follicles -they have a coiled excretory portion buried in the epidermis -all of the above
Bipartite
Which of the following terms refers to the shape of the uterus as seen in most animals? -Bicornuate -Duplex -Simplex -Bipartite
smooth muscle
Which of the following types of muscle tissue has cells connected at dense bodies? -skeletal muscle -cardiac muscle -smooth muscle -both cardiac and smooth muscle
All of the above are acceptable samples
Which of the following would not be an acceptable sample to submit for rabies testing? -Entire carcass of the animal -Entire head of the animal -Brain and spinal cord of the animal -All of the above -Both b and c are acceptable
Tunica albuginea
Which of the tissue layers surrounding the testicle forms a thick capsule around the testicles and helps maintain testicular shape and structure -Visceral vaginal tunic -Parietal vaginal tunic -Tunica albuginea -Both a and b -Both b and c
Both a and b
Which of the tissue layers surrounding the testicle is formed from the peritoneum as the testicle descends into the scrotum? -Visceral vaginal tunic -Parietal vaginal tunic -Tunica albuginea -Both a and b -Both b and c
Feline
Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks? -Canine -Equine -Caprine -Feline
Gonads
Which paired endocrine organ may be found wither extra-abdominally or intra-abdominally? -Pituitary gland -Parathyroid glands -Adrenal gland -Gonads
Diencephalon
Which part of the brain can only be seen when the brain is cut in half? -Cerebellum -Diencephalon -Brain Stem -Cerebrum
The pituitary gland
Which part of the brain controls the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone? -hypothalamus -pituitary gland -hypophysis -pineal gland
Ossicles
Which part of the ear is responsible for continuing the sound wave through the ear and amplifying the force of the wave before it arrives at the sensory receptors -External Ear Canal -Tympanic Membrane -Ossicles -Cochlea
Dendrites
Which part of the neuron brings sensory information into the cell body? -dendrites -soma -axon -terminal buttons
Terminal buttons
Which part of the neuron creates a synapse with nearby cells to transmit information -Dendrites -Soma -Axon -Terminal buttons
Parotid
Which salivary gland is responsible for producing the majority of the saliva? -Mandibular -Parotid -Sublingual -Zygomatic
Fundus
Which section of the monogastric stomach can stretch to accomodate large amounts of ingesta? -Body -Pylorus -Fundus -Cardia
Lumbar
Which section of the vertebral column has the most prominent transverse processes? -Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacral
Equine
Which species has a half glandular and half non-glandular stomach separated by a clear line called the margo plicatus? -Feline -Bovine -Canine -Equine
Natural killer cells have to be activated by a specific antigen
Which statement is false? -The response of memory cells to a subsequent exposure to an antigen is much fasser and greater than the initial immune response -Natural killer cells have to be activated by a specific antigen -Lymph vessels help to prevent the body from swelling with excess fluid (or becoming edematous) -Lymphatic vessels have no muscles in their walls
Stomach, small intestines, and large intestine
Which structures are lined with simple columnar epithelium? -mouth, esophagus, and small intestines -stomach, small intestines, and large intestine -mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anus -large intestine, rectum, and anus
incisors
Which teeth are described as "cutting teeth" in both carnivores and herbivores? -premolars -incisors -molars -canines
Palatine
Which tonsils may be found in the oropharynx? -Palatine -Retropharyngeal -Parotid -Submandibular
Veins
Which type of blood vessel has one-way valves in its lumen? -capillaries -elastic arteries -muscular arteries -veins
Lymphocytes
Which type of leukocyte does NOT primarily utilize phagocytosis as its mechanism of action? -Neutrophils -Lymphocytes -Eosinophils -Monocytes
Urinary obstruction
Which urinary disease is considered a medical emergency? -Renal failure -Urinary obstruction -Urolithiasis -Ectopic Ureters
Jugular vein
Which vein can be used for venipuncture in nearly all animal species? -Coronary vein -Femoral vein -Jugular vein -Saphenous vein
Coccygeal
Which vein is often used for venipuncture in rodents? -cephalic -lateral saphenous -superficial caudal epigastric -coccygeal
Osmotic diuretic
mannitol is a(n): -Osmotic diuretic -Potassium sparing diuretic -Thiazide diuretic -Loop diuretic
involuntary, nonstriated tissue
smooth muscle is described as: -involuntary, striated tissue -voluntary, striated tissue -involuntary, nonstriated tissue -voluntary, nonstriated tissue
Neurons
The basic, functional units of the nervous system are: -Axons -Dendrites -Neurons -Oligodendrocytes
Pulmonary artery
The blood vessel that brings blood to the lungs from the heart is the: -Aorta -Pulmonary artery -Pulmonary vein -Vena cava
Both the metacarpal and metatarsal bone
The cannon bone in horses is also known as the: -Distal Phalanx -Metacarpal Bone -Metatarsal Bone -Distal Sesamoid Bone -Both metacarpal and metatarsal bone
Langerhans cells
The cells of the skin that are responsible for phagocytosis of foreign particles and maintaining skin health are the: -Langerhans Cells -Melanocytes -Keratinocytes -Merkel Cells
when the cause of death is known before beginning
A cosmetic necropsy is appropriate: -as an alternative to a complete necropsy -when the disease is limited to the abdomen and chest -when the cause of death is known before beginning -when tissues do not need to be collected
Cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
A ganglion is a: -cluster of CNS neuronal axon terminals -cluster of CNS neuronal dendrites -cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS -cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
Chondyle
A large, round articular surface found at the distal end of the humerus is called a: -Chondyle -Facet -Foramen -Head
Skeletal muscle contraction
A somatic reflex involves: -cardiac muscle regulation -endocrine gland secretion -skeletal muscle contraction] -smooth muscle supervision
Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2
ACE inhibiting drugs block the conversion of: -Renin to angiotensinogen -Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 -Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 -Renin to angiotensin 1
Both a and b
Aldosterone is responsible for: -Regulation of fluid balance in the body -Regulation of electrolyte levels in the body -Regulation of blood glucose levels -Both a and b
Pigs
All of the following animals utilize hind-gut digestions EXCEPT: -Guinea Pigs -Rabbits -Pigs -Horses
Increased intestinal contraction
All of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT: -Increased heart rate -Increased intestinal contraction -pupil dilation -increased respiratory rate
Medulla oblongata
All of the following are parts of the diencephalon except: -Pituitary Gland -Thalamus -Medulla oblongata -Hypothalamus
Oxytocin
All of the following hormones are released from their respective glands based on signals from specific nerves to the gland except: -Oxytocin -Catecholamines -ADH -Prolactin
Bovine
All of the following species are monogastric EXCEPT: -Feline -Bovine -Canine -Equine
the muscle sphincter around the neck of the urinary bladder
An animal that is "house trained" has learned to control: -the amount of urine that is released into the urinary bladder -the muscle sphincter around the neck of the urinary bladder -the glomerular filtration rate -the degree to which the transitional epithelial lining thins
On the underside of the pinna
An ear hematoma associated with otitis externa is most often found: -In the external auditory canal -In the middle ear -On the eardrum -On the underside of the pinna
Muscles
An example of a macroscopic anatomic part is: -ions -cells -tissues -muscles
b and c
An example of an endocrine gland is the -goblet cell -adrenal gland -pituitary gland -b and c
Olfactory sense
An upper respiratory tract infection will primarily affect the: -Auditory sense -Gustatory sense -Nociception sense -Olfactory sense
Myofibril
Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber ________. -Fiber -Myofibril -Sarcoplasmic reticulum -Tubule
Corpus spongiosum
The specialized connective tissue in the penis that surrounds and protects the urethra is called the: -Crura -Corpus cavernosum -Corpus spongiosum -Glans penis
Both the anterior and posterior chambers
Aqueous humor is located in which chamber of the eye? -anterior chamber -posterior chamber -vitreous compartment -both the anterior and posterior chambers
Small muscular arteries
Arterioles are: -Large capillary beds -Large elastic arteries -Small elastic arteries -Small muscular arteries
Negative Pressure
Compared to the atmospheric pressure, the normal pressure in the lungs and thoracic cavity is under: -Positive pressure -Neutral pressure -Negative pressure -High pressure
Right atrium
Deoxygenated blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the heart at the: -Left atrium -Left ventricle -Right atrium -Right ventricle
Medial
Dewclaws in dogs are found on the ________surface of the leg -Caudal -Cranial -Lateral -Medial
Caudal continuation of the brainstem
The spinal cord is the: -caudal continuation of the brainstem -caudal continuation of the diencephalon -distal continuation of the brainstem -distal continuation of the diencephalon
Nine pars water and one part 37-40% formaldehyde solution
10% buffered formalin is made by mixing dibasic anhydrous sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate with: -Three parts water and one part 37-40% formaldehyde solution -Nine parts 50% formalin and one part 37-40% formaldehyde solution -Nine parts water and one part 37-40% formaldehyde solution -One part 50% formalin and nine parts 37-40% formaldehyde solution