Anatomy Unit 2

The median sacral crest is equivalent to which structure on a normal unfused vertebra A. vertebral arch B. vertebral foramen C. spinous process D. transverse process E. apex

C

The triceps muscle has more than one action because it crosses more than one joint. The medial and lateral heads of the triceps only extend the elbow. What additional action does the long head of the triceps cause? A. pronate the wrist B. flex the shoulder C. extend the shoulder D. laterally rotate the humerus E. hyperextend the elbow

C

What is the name of the hole that goes transversely (sideways) through the vertebral column A. vertebral hole B. vertebral foramen C. intervertebral foramen D. transverse foramen E. verterbral canal

C

What is the name of the motional that involves crossing your thumb over to your pinky? A. Adduction B. Flexion C. Opposition D. Reposition E. circumflexion

C

What is the name of the process that makes up the half of zygomatic arch from the zygomatic bone? A. zygomatic process of the temporal bone B. mastoid process of the temporal bone C. temporal process of the zygomatic bone D. sphenoidal process of the temporal bone E. zygomatic process of the sphenoid

C

Where is the sartorius muscle located? A. Forearm B. Abdomen C. thigh D. arm (brachium) E. Shoulder

C

Which bone is not part of the Os coxa (pelvic bone)? A. iliium B. Ischium C. Sacrum D. Pubis

C

Which bone of the skull does not require the word bone in its name? A. Parietal B. Temporal C. Sphenoid D. Lacrimal E. Zygomatic

C

Which of the following is NOT part of the skull? A. Zygomatic bone B. Maxilla C. Coccyx D. Alveolar margin E. Temporal process

C

Which pair below does NOT correctly match a pectoral girdle muscle with its action? A. trapezius : elevate the shoulder B. trapezius: retract the shoulder C. serratus anterior : depress the shoulder D. rhomboids : retract the shoulder E. pectoralis minor : protract the shoulder

C

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by spindle shaped cells? A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth D. connective E. vascular

C

A process where body segments gets repeated as discreet copies, and then those copies can be morphologically differentiated into different roles is called..? A. repetition B. copyism C. gastrulation D. segmentation E. neuralation

D

All the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh, primarily produce which motion? A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. adduction E. rotation

D

The rotator cuff muscles primarily serve to hold the head of your humerus in its "socket" But these muscles also can move the humerus. Match the following rotator cuff muscles with the motion that it can perform. Hint: Think about their position. 1. subscapularis muscle 2. supraspinatus 3. infraspinatus A. medially rotate humerus B. abduct humerus at shoulder C. laterally rotate humerus

1. A 2. B 3. C

Match each of the following hip muscles with the action they have at the hip: 1. iliopsoas muscle 2. gluteus maximus muscle 3. gluteus minimus muscle 4. adductor longus muscle 5. piriformis muscle 6. gluteus medius muscle A. flex the hip B. adduct the hip C. extend the hip D. medially rotate hip E. laterally rotate the hip F. abduct the hip

1. A 2. C 3. F 4. B 5. E 6. D

Match the following sub-divisions of paraxial mesoderm with what they form in the adult. 1. Sclerotome 2. Myotome 3. Dermotome A. Bone of vertebral column B. Urinary system C. Dermis of skin D. Skeletal muscle E. Intervertebral disks of spin

1. A 2. D 3. C

Match the following Class of Lever to an example of it: 1. class 1 2. class 2 3. class 3 A. Not found in vertebrate anatomy B. Pivot = ankle; load on toes with effort from soleus m. C. Pivot = elbow; with load on hand and effort from biceps brachii m.

1. B 2. A 3. C

Match the following muscles to the bony feature (tuberosity) they attach to. 1. deltoid muscle 2. biceps femoris 3. biceps brachii 4. quadraceps femoris A. ischial tuberosity B. deltoid tuberosity C. radial tuberosity D. tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D

Arrange the following muscle architecture types in order of increasing velocity from fastest to slowest A. unipennate B. parallel C. multipennate D. bipennate

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C

Arrange these types of vertebrae in the correct order, from Superior to Inferior: A. thoracic B. cervical C. sacral D. lumbar E. coccygeal

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. E

Match the following muscles motions to muscles that perform them: 1. abduct the wrist 2. extend the elbow 3. adduct the digits 4. supinate the wrists A. palmar adductor interosseus muscles B. flexor carpi radialis C. supinator muscle D. triceps brachii muscle

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C

Arrange the following muscle layers in order from most deep to most superficial: A. external abdominal oblique B. internal abdominal oblique C. transversus abdominus

1. C 2. B 3. A

Match each of the following muscles to an antagonist 1. triceps brachii muscle 2. vastus lateralis muscle 3. soleus muscle 4. middle of deltoid muscle A. latissimus dorsi muscle B. biceps femoris muscle C. biceps brachii muscle D. tibialis anterior muscle

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A

Match the following fossa to the structure that goes into that fossa. 1. infraspinus fossa 2. mandibular fossa 3. iliac fossa 4. olecranon fossa 5. coronoid fossa 6. anterior cranial fossa A. iliacus muscle B. condylar process of mandible C. coronoid process of ulna D. infraspinatus muscle E. olecranon process of ulna F. frontal lobe of brain

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. C 6. F

Match the following muscles to the compartment that it is located in: 1. Vastus medialis muscle 2. Extensor hallucis longus muscle 3. Coracobrachialis 4. Palmaris longus A. Anterior compartment of forearm B. Anterior compartment of leg C. Anterior compartment of arm D. Anterior compartment of thigh

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A

Match each of the following anatomical joint names to the common name for the joints 1. glenohumeral joint 2. tibiofemoral joint 3. coxal joint 4. radiocarpal joint 5. talocrural joint 6. metacarpophalangeal joint A. hip B. knuckles C. knee D. ankle E. shoulder F. wrist

1. E 2. C 3. A 4. F 5. D 6. B

Arrange the following bones from proximal to distal: scapula, ulna, carpals, humerus, phalanges, metacarpals

1. scapula 2. humerus 3. Ulna and radius 4. Carpals 5. Metacarpals D. Phalanges

What type of muscle tissue is characterized by central nuclei A. Cardiac and smooth B. skeletal and cardiac C. smooth and skeletal D. cardiac only E. skeletal only F. smooth only

A

Which muscle adducts the humerus? A. Coracobrachialis B. Biceps brachii C. Deltoid D. Sartorius E. Triceps brachii

A

Which of the following is NOT true about a sarcomere? A. The I-band is the region where actin is B. The A-band is the region where myosin is C. Titin is anchored to the Z line D. The zone of overlap is the region where Actin and Myosin form cross bridges. E. The M-Line is the location where the Myosin anchors.

A

Which of the following lists the regions of vertebrae from top to bottom? A. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral B. Sacral, thoracic, lumbar, cervical C. Thoracic, cervical, lumbar, sacral D. Sacral, thoracic, cervical, lumbar E. Lumbar, thoracic, cervical, sacral

A

How many carpal bones are there?

8

Which type of muscular tissue has intercalated discs? A. Cardiac B. Smooth C. Skeletal D. Maxillary E. Striated

A

Fill in the blank. The gracilis is located medially to the ______. A. Sartorius B. Rectus femoris C. Iliacus D. Rectus abdominis E. Frontalis

A and B

There are several muscles that can move the hand at the wrist. Select two muscles that can abduct the hand at the wrist. There are two correct options below to select. A. flexor carpi radialis B. flexor carpi ulnaris C. extensor carpi radialis longus D. extensor carpi ulnaris E. palmaris longus

A and C

Walking is divided up into stance phase and swing phase. During swing phase we flex our hip to bring our leg forward. During stance phase, what primary action/motion is occurring at the hip? A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. adduction E. rotation

B

What abdominal muscle is equivalent to the external intercostal muscle? A. rectus abdominus B. external oblique C. internal oblique D. transversus abdominus E. pyrimidalis

B

What are the names of the bones in the wrist? A. phalanges B. carpals C. metacarpals D. Os Coxae E. Tarsus

B

What does coronoid mean? A. beer-like B. crown-like C. bird's beak-like D. coronus-like E. like-weird

B

What is the functional class of joints known for "little movement"? A. synarthrosis B. amphiarthrosis C. diarthrosis D. synchondrosis E. synostosis

B

What is the name of the ligament that crosses from the anterior medial side of the femus to the posterior lateral side of the tibia? A. anterior cruciate ligament B. posterior cruciate ligament C. medial collateral ligament D. posterior collateral ligament E. patellar ligament

B

What is the name of the muscle that goes from the sternum to the hyoid? A. stylohyoid B. sternohyoid C. geniohyoid D. omohyoid E. mylohyoid

B

What is the primary role of synovial fluid? A. keeping joint surfaces from drying out B. lubricating joints to reduce friction C. looking cool D. phagocytosizing bacteria E. encouraging arthritis

B

What muscle do you use to squint? A. Frontalis B. orbicularis oculi C. levator palpebre D. risorious E. orbicularis oris

B

What tarsal bone articulates with the tibia? A. Calcaneum B. Talus C. Cuneiform D. Cuboid E. Metatarsal

B

What two pieces make up the vertebral arch A. keystone and beam B. pedicle and lamina C. pedicle and spinous processs D. keystone and lamina E. contrete and rebar

B

Which bone connects the hip socket to the knee? A. Humerus B. Femur C. Tibia D. Patella E. Fibula

B

What muscle pulls up the corners of your mouth to make you smile? A. Risorius B. Depressor anguli oris C. Frontalis D. Levator ani E. Buccanator

A

What muscle is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle? A. tibialis anterior B. flexor hallucis longus C. tibialis posterior D. gastrocnnemius E. soleous

A

A hole in a bone where a nerve or blood vessel can pass through is called a _______? A. Foramen B. Opening C. magnum D. oculus E. Lumen

A

Arrange the following muscle architectures in order of INCREASING strength A. parallel, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate B. unipennate, bipennate, multipennnate, parallel C. multipennate, bipennate, unipennate, parallel D. parallel, multipennate, bipennate, unipennate, E. Parallel and multipennate are equal

A

How many bones make up the face? A. 14 B. 12 C. 16 D. 10 E. 6

A

Name the part of a vertebrae that is large and weight bearing: A. body B. arch C. facets D. zygopohyses E. spinous process

A

The calf muscles and achiles tenon (Feffort) inserts on the calcaneum(in--lever) causing the toes to push against something (Fload). What class of lever does this muscle joint system represent. A. Class 1 B. Class 2 C. Class 3 D. Class 4 E. Class 5

A

The carpal tunnel is a tunnel bordered by carpal bones on three sides and the flexor retinaculum on the palmar side. All of the tendons from extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand pass through the carpal tunnel except for one. Which one? A. palmaris longus B. flexor digitorum superficialis C. flexor digitorum profundus D. flexor pollicis longus

A

Muscle Velocity is a function of the number of sarcomere arranged _, and the macroscopic metric that predicts speed is. A. in reverse (back-to-back); cross sectional area B. in series(end-to-end); fiber length C. in series(end-to-end); cross sectional area D. in parallel(side-by-side); fiber length E. in parallel(side-by-side); cross sectional area

B

On what bone and process does the short head of the biceps originate? A. scapula at the acromion process B. scapula at the coracoid process C. humerus at greater tubercle D. humerus at the lesser tubercle E. radius at the bicipital tuberosity

B

The bones of the limb follow a particular pattern. What bone is the equivalent of the Tibia in the upper limb. Consider the location of these bones, and what distal bones it is closer too.. A. humerus B. radius C. ulna D. carpals E. metacarpals

B

The muscle that moves the tongue forward toward the chin is the called the_. A. geniohyoid B. genioglossus C. mentalohyoid D. mentaloglossus E. hyoglossus

B

The spinous process of the scapula sticks out in which direction? A. anterior B. posterior C. Medial D. superior E. inferior

B

Which is of the following is the correct order of the lateral rotators of the hit arranged from INFERIOR to SUPERIOR? A. superior gemelus, inferior gemelus, obturator internus, piriformis, quadratus femoris B. quadratus femorus, inferior gemelus, obturator internus, superior gemelus, piriformis C. obturator internus, inferior gemelus, superior gemelus, piriformmis, quadratus femoris D. piriformmis, superior gemelus, obturator internus, inferior gemelus, quadratus femoris E. inferior gemelus, obturator internus, superior gemelus, piriformis, quadratus femoris

B

Which muscle allows you to raise your eyebrows? A. Orbicularis oculi B. Frontalis C. Orbicularis oris D. Soleus E. Extensor retinaculum

B

Which muscle is the primary medial rotator of the foot? A. gluteus maximus B. gluteus medius C. piriformis D. sartorius E. fibularis tertius

B

Which of the five vertebral regions has the most vertebrae? A. cervical B. thoracic C. lumbar D. sacral E. coccygeal

B

Which of the following muscles aids in pointing the foot? A. Fibularis tertius B. Gastrocnemius C. Tibialis anterior D. Biceps femoris E. Rectus femoris

B

Which portion of the mesoderm becomes the bone of the vertebral column? A. Axial mesoderm B. Paraxial mesoderm (sclerotome) C. Intermediate mesoderm D. Lateral plate mesoderm E. Paraxial mesoderm (mytome)

B

A Muscle's Origin is the attachment located more to the insertion. A. superior B. inferior C. proximal D. distal E. medial F. lateral

C

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton? A. 23 B. 92 C. 126 D. 184 E. 206

C

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 18 E. 25

C

On what bony landmark do you find the infraspinatus? A. supraspinous fossa B. scapular spine C. infraspinous fossa D. coracoid process E. subscapular fossa

C

The external acoustic meatus is on which bone? A. Frontal bone B. Parietal bone C. Temporal bone D. Sphenoidal bone E. Maxillary bone

C

The masseter aids in what action? A. Throwing a ball B. Lifting a dumbbell C. Chewing D. Standing up E. Sitting down

C

Critical thinking question (double the points): At the gym there are two exercises to build you calf muscles. The standing calf raises and the sitting calf raises. Although both exercises involve plantar flexing your ankles, the angle of the knee is different between sitting and standing. As a consequence, the two exercises emphasize different plantar flexor muscles. Think about the attachments of both muscles, the leg posture during these exercises, and what you know about muscle shortening. Which plantar flexor muscle will NOT be emphasized in the sitting calf raise exercise (meaning the muscle will contribute almost NO force to flex the ankle)and why? A. gastrocnemius - this muscle is smaller than the soleus muscle, and the bigger muscle doesn't share force with the little muscle. Therefore the smaller gastroc produces no force to flex the ankle. B. soleus - this muscle only crosses one joint, and can't possibly produce as much force as a muscle that crosses two joints. Therefore the uniarticular soleus contributes no force to flex the ankle. C. gastrocnemius - this muscle is only unipennate, whereas the soleus is bipennate and more powerful. Therefore the unipennate gastroc contributes no force to flex the ankle. D. Gastrocnemius - when the knee is flexed, the muscle's origin is closer to the insertion, which causes the muscle to start contracting at a shorter length. Because muscles can only shorten to a finite length, this muscle does not have enough shortening range left to produce force and flex the ankle. E. gastrocnemius - The gastroc functionally inserts onto the soleus's tendon, and shares this tendon to insert on the calcaneum. Because the gastroc is a freeloader and doesn't have it's own tendon, it contributes no force to flex the ankle.

D

Lifting your arm forward in front of you is called what motion? A. abduction B. adduction C. rotation D. flexion E. extension

D

Most of the hamstring muscles cross two joints, causing motion at two joints. Those motions are. A. flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee B. extension of the hip and extension of the knee C. flexion of the hip and extension of the knee D. extension of the hip and flexion of the knee. E. abduction of the hip and flexion of the knee

D

The flexor digitorum muscles are designed to flex all four fingers simultaneously with considerably strength. What muscles flex the fingers individually, and where do these muscle originate? A. flexor digiti minimi on the metacarpals B. palmar adductor interosseous C. lumbricals on the metacarpals D. lumbricals on the flexor digitorum tendon E. thenar muscles on the carpals

D

The skull bones can be divided into 2 halves, which are? A. cephalic bones and mandibular bones B. parietal bones and ethmoid bones C. vertebrae and skull D. cranial bones and facial bones E. cortical bones and spongy bones

D

What is the classification joint for the intervertebral disc joints in the vertebral column? A. diarthrosis B. synchondrosis C. suture D. symphysis E. synovial

D

What is the connective tissue layer that surrounds a muscle fascicle? A. Epimysium B. hypomysium C. mesomysium D. perimysium E. endomysium

D

What is the hierarchical organization of muscle from small to large? A. whole muscle, fascicle, fiber, fibril B. fascicle, fiber , whole muscle, fibril C. fiber, fibril, fascicle, whole muscle D. Fibril, fiber, fascicle, whole muscle E. whole muscle, fiber, fascicle, fibril

D

Where is the ulna located? A. lower leg B. Inguinal area C. upper leg D. forearm E. Foot

D

Which muscle that attaches to the mandible does NOT provide force for chewing? A. Masseter B. Medial pterygoid C. Lateral pterygoid D. mentalis E. Temporalis

D

Which of the following ribs is a vertebro-chondral rib? A. 3 B. 6 C. 7 D. 9 E. 11

D

Synovial joints are arranged with the muscle attaching very close to the joint. The short in-lever arrangement means the muscle must produce force many times the load the limb is trying to move. Why are our limbs built with this inefficient arrangement? A. Bone is too weak to have the muscles attaching farther from the joint B. short in-levers increase range of motion C. muscles have limited ability to change length, but can produce high force. D. the intelligent designer skipped physics class on lever day. E. Both B and C

E

The ethmoid bone forms part of which structure? A. chin B. cheek C. thumb D. ear E. nose

E

What muscle architecture category is the gluteus maximus? A. parallel B. convergent C. unipennate D. bipennate E. multipennate

E

What structure is accomodate by the coronoid fossa? A. Olecranon process B. Radial head C. ulnar head D. glenoid fossa E. Coronoid process

E

Where is the latissimus dorsi located? A. Directly next to the spine B. In the foot C. In the lower back D. In the inguinal area E. Below the scapula

E

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A. Support B. Movement C. Hemopoiesis D. Mineral storage E. Regulation of hormones

E

Which of the following is NOT a movement caused by the muscles that insert on the pectoral girdle? A. elevation B. depression C. protraction D. retraction E. flexion

E

Which of the following is NOT one of the quadriceps muscles? A. rectus femoris B. vastus lateralis C. vastus intermedius D. vastus medialis E. sartorius

E

Which of the following joints can perform both flexion and adduction? A. Knee B. Hip C. Elbow D. knuckle (Metacarpophalangeal) E. Both B and D

E

Why can a Pennate muscle can produce more force than a parallel muscle of the same mass? A. Pennate muscles have sarcomeres that are stronger B. The long fibers of parallel muscles are flimsy and weak C. Parallel muscles have more fibers (area) pulling on the distal tendon. D. Parallel muscles have longer fibers pulling on the distal tendon. E. Pennate muscles have more fibers (area) pulling on the distal tendon.

E