Anatomy Workbook: Ch. 6,7,8
What is the inferior continuation of the medulla oblongata?
spinal cord
What muscle forms the posterior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
What muscle is between the external and internal jugular veins?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
What muscle is frequently related to the external jugular vein?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
What muscle is lateral to the internal jugular vein?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
What three structures form the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?
sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle, clavicle
What muscle separates the anterior triangle from the posterior triangle of the neck?
sternocleidomastoid muscles
What tiny piece of bone is anterior to the internal jugular vein and lateral to the internal carotid artery?
styloid process and temporal bone
What vessel joins with or drains into the internal jugular veins to form the brachiocephalic vein?
subclavian vein
What muscle is attached to the clavicle and deep to it?
subclavius muscle
What gland is located in the floor of the mouth, lateral to the tongue and posterior to the anterior portion of the mandible?
sublingual gland
What glandular material is posterior to the mandible and inferior to the tongue?
sublingual gland
What gland is medial to the mandible, near the angle between the ramus and body?
submandibular gland
Which is normally most medial: pterygoid muscle, masseter muscle, or ramus of mandible?
pterygoid muscle
What three structures make up the partition that separates the muscles of the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments?
radius, ulna, interosseous membrane
What bone or portion of bones is between the masseter or pterygoid muscles?
ramus of mandible
What is the space medial to the internal carotid arteries and anterior to the prevertebral muscles?
retropharyngeal space
What potential space is between the pharyngeal constrictor muscle and prevertebral muscles?
retropharyngeal space
What are the small muscles immediately under or deep to the trapezius muscles near the midline of the back?
rhomboideus muscle
What is the slit or opening between the true vocal folds?
rima glottides
What is the opening between the true vocal folds called?
rima glottidis
What marking on the sacrum denotes the beginning of the true pelvic cavity?
sacral promontory
Name the 4 bones in the proximal row of carpals in sequence from lateral to medial
scaphoid (lateral), lunate, triquetral, pisiform (medial)
What two carpal bones articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint?
scaphoid and lunate
What are the predominant structures in the posterior wall of the axilla?
scapula and subscapularis muscle
What type of fiber is found in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve?
sensory nerve fibers
What is the most inferior cartilage of larynx?
cricoid cartilage
What muscles are located between the ribs?
intercostal muscle
What is the typical relationship of the internal carotid artery to the internal jugular vein?
internal carotid artery is anterior and medial to internal jugular vein
What blood vessel is limited medially by the thyroid gland?
internal jugular vein
What is the location of the internal jugular vein relative to the common carotid artery?
internal jugular vein is lateral to common carotid artery
What is between the radius and ulna and connects them?
interosseous membrane
What portion of the thyroid gland is anterior to the trachea?
isthmus
Why is the coracobrachialis muscle evident in transverse sections through the proximal arm but not apparent in transverse section through the distal arm?
it inserts on upper portion of arm
What term is used to denote an exaggerated thoracic curvature?
kyphosis
What divides the arm into anterior and posterior muscular compartments?
lateral and medial inter muscular septa
Is the brachioradialis muscle on the lateral side or the medial side of the forearm?
lateral side
On which side of the forearm is the pronator teres muscle located?
lateral side
What muscle extends between a rib and the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra?
levato costarum muscle
What is found in the epidural space around the spinal cord?
loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
What are the aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the superior portion of the pharynx?
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
What is the purpose of the odontoid process?
pivot for the rotation of the atlas
What is the concave surface on the upper and lower margins of the pedicles called?
vertebral notch
What is the superior pair of projections in the larynx?
vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
Sacral foramina are located
within the lateral mass
Sequence from anterior to posterior arrangement of the structures listed
1. ramus of mandible 2. parotid gland 3. mastoid process 4. sternocleidomastoid muscle
How many sacral vertebrae are there before they fuse together?
5
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many phalanges are there for each hand?
8
On the left side, what artery is posterior to the common carotid artery?
L subclavian artery
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord usually end?
L1
What is the purpose of curvatures in the vertebral column?
add strength, resilience, and flexibility to vertebral column
What ligaments extend from C1 to sacrum along the anterior surface of vertebral bodies and discs?
anterior longitudinal ligament
What specific muscle is immediately anterior the brachial plexus?
anterior scalene muscles
In which triangle is the carotid sheath located?
anterior triangle
Which of the following statements about the internal jugular vein is not true?
at higher levels in the neck, the internal carotid artery is posterior to the internal jugular vein
What is the specific name given to C1?
atlas
What is the purpose of the hyoid bone?
attachment of throat muscles
The second cervical vertebra (C2) is called the
axis
What is the specific name given to C2?
axis
What direction is the curvature that is formed by the cervical vertebrae?
convex anteriorly
In what direction is the cervical curvature?
convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly
What portion of the scapula is anterior to the glenoid fossa?
coracoid process of scapula
What are the two major superficial veins in the arm, and which one is on the medial side?
basilic vein and cephalic vein *basilic is medial
Where are the intervertebral foramina located?
between the superior and inferior vertebral notches
What nerves are located between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?
brachial plexus
What muscle forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
brachialis muscle
Which muscle in the forearm does not act on the wrist or hand?
brachioradialis
What muscle forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis muscle
What portion of the humerus articulates with the head of radius?
capitulum
What is the superficial vein on the lateral side of the forearm?
cephalic vein
What superficial vein is on the lateral side?
cephalic vein
What are the two regions of enlargement in the spinal cord?
cervical and lumbosacral
The vertebral column curvatures that are concave anteriorly are the
cervical and sacral curvatures
What distinguishes the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae from the spinous process of the other vertebrae?
cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous process
What is the bone that articulates with the acromion anteriorly?
clavicle
Name the two bones of the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
What is the most inferior region of the vertebral column?
coccyx
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
What term is used for the terminal triangular region of the spinal cord?
conus medullaris
What is the most superficial muscle of the shoulder?
deltoid muscle
What is the round piece of bone immediately anterior to the spinal cord?
dens of C2
What structure marks the inferior margin of the oropharynx?
epiglottis
What is the structure immediately posterior to the trachea?
esophagus
What structure is in the midline immediately posterior to the trachea?
esophagus
Which is more anterior: internal carotid artery or external carotid artery?
external carotid artery
Which is usually more lateral or superficial: external jugular vein or external carotid artery?
external jugular vein
Name one vein and two nerves that are located in the posterior triangle of the neck
external jugular vein, phrenic nerve, and accessory nerve (CN XII)
What distinguishes thoracic vertebrae from other types of vertebrae?
facets on the body and transverse process for articulation with the ribs
What is the name of the opening from the oral cavity into the pharynx?
fauces
What is the special significance of lymph nodes in the axilla?
frequently involved in breast cancer
To what bone is the flexor retinaculum attached on the medial side?
hamate
What portion of the humerus articulates with the pectoral girdle?
head
What articulates with the radial notch?
head of radius
Is the head of the ulna at the proximal end of the bone or is it at the distal end of the bone?
head of ulna is on distal end
What bone is located posterior to the tongue but anterior to the pharynx?
hyoid bone
What is the region of the pharynx posterior to the larynx?
hypopharynx/laryngopharynx
What is the most lateral column of erector spinal muscles?
iliocostalis muscles
Where is the musculocutaneous nerve located?
in distal arm between brachialis and biceps brachii
Where are the brachial artery and the accompanying veins located?
in medial intermuscular septum
What articulates with the superior articular process of a vertebra?
inferior articular process of preceding vertebra
Which is normally most anterior: parotid gland, masseter muscle, or sternocleidomastoid muscle?
masseter msucle
What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate?
maxilla
What nerve is located within the carpal tunnel?
median nerve
From medial to lateral, identify the contents of the cubital fossa
median nerve, brachial artery, and veins, tendon for biceps brachii muscle, radial nerve
What type of fiber is found in the ventral root of a spinal nerve?
motor nerve fibers
In addition to a major nerve, what are the principal structures in the carpal tunnel?
muscle tendons
Identify the three divisions of muscles that attach the upper extremity and pectoral girdle to the trunk of the body
muscles that extend from the trunk to the scapula, muscles that extend from scapula to humerus, and muscles that extend from trunk to humerus
What makes up the white matter of the spinal cord?
myelinated nerve fibers
What passes through the sacral foramina?
nerves
What nerves arise from these two enlarged areas?
nerves that supply upper extremity arise from cervical enlargement and nerves that supply the lower extremity arise from lumbosacral enlargement
What makes up the gray matter of the spinal cord?
neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated nerve fibers
What other bones articulate directly with the hyoid bone?
none
What bone articulates with C1 superiorly?
occipital bone
What circular muscle is associated with the lips?
orbicularis oris
Why is the brachialis muscle present in the distal arm but not evident in sections through the proximal arm?
origin on distal half of humerus
What is the space or opening at the posterior margin of the soft palate?
oropharynx
What portion of the pharynx is found between the uvula and epiglottis?
oropharynx
What are the collections of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the oropharynx?
palatine tonsils
What glands are embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland?
parathyroid glands
This is normally most lateral or superficial: internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, or parotid gland?
parotid gland
What gland is lateral to the hyoid bone?
parotid gland
What is the function of the axilla?
passageway for vessels and nerves that pass between root of neck and arm
What two muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?
pectorals major and minor
What muscle forms the wall of the pharynx?
pharyngeal constrictor muscle
What muscles form the wall of the pharynx?
pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Which one of the following statements about the triangles of the neck is not correct?
the mandible forms the apex of the anterior triangle
Why do lumbar vertebrae have such large heavy bodies?
they support most of the body weight and have numerous attached muscles
What two curvatures are concave anteriorly?
thoracic and sacral
What is the predominant anterior cartilage of the larynx?
thyroid cartilage
What is between the internal jugular vein and the trachea?
thyroid gland
What is the glandular material that is lateral to the trachea?
thyroid gland
What structure is between the thyroid gland and esophagus?
trachea
In sagittal sections, how can the trachea be distinguished from the esophagus?
trachea has cartilage in wall
What fuses to form the lateral mass?
transverse foramen
What is unique about the transverse process of cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramina
Where does the tubercle of a rib articulate on the thoracic vertebrae?
transverse process
The costal facet for the tubercle of a rib is located on the
transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae
What is the most superficial posterior muscle of the neck?
trapezius muscle
What is the muscle mass on the posterior surface of the humerus?
triceps brachii muscle
What is the primary muscle bundle in the posterior compartment of the arm?
triceps brachii muscle
The bone on the medial side of the forearm is the
ulna
What nerve is superficial to the flexor retinaculum anteriorly and on the medial side?
ulnar nerve
Which is more posterior: median nerve or the ulnar nerve?
ulnar nerve
State the sequence from medial to lateral of radial, ulnar, and median nerves
ulnar, median, and radial nerve
What is the extension of the soft palate that projects into the oropharynx?
uvuala
What structures marks the division between the nasopharynx and esophagus?
uvula
What structure is present in the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery?
vagus nerve
What is the small groove between the epiglottis and tongue?
vallecula
What is the name of the grooves or valleys between the tongue and epiglottis?
valleculae
What blood vessels are found in the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae?
vertebral arteries and veins
Which is usually most posterior: vertebral artery, internal carotid artery, or internal jugular vein?
vertebral artery
Where does the head of a rib articulate on the thoracic vertebrae?
vertebral body