Ancient Greece Assesment #2

Number of years between the Olympic Games.

4

Where was the Battle of Thermopylae located and when did it occur?

481-450 B.C.E. in Thermopylae, Greece

How was athletic competition encouraged in ancient Greece?

A winning athlete would gain prestige for their city state as well as financial gains for himself. Also the men would be in good physical condition for warfare.

His conquests included Egypt, the Persian Empire, and Greece.

Alexander the Great

Write three examples of how Alexander spread Greek Ideas to unite the different people of his empire.

Alexander tried to accomplish his goal was by building Greek-style cities. He established many cities in different parts of the empire. Like Greek cities, they had marketplaces, temples, and theaters. Settlers from Greece flocked to Alexander's cities. They brought with them Greek laws, art, and literature. Alexander wanted local soldiers and government officials to speak only Greek. The most famous of the new cities was called Alexandria. It was located in Egypt near the sea. Alexander may have marked out the city boundaries himself. Alexandria was designed with wide major streets crossed by narrower streets. It had many Greek features. It had a market place, a university, a gymnasium, and a theater. The city also boasted law courts and a library. There was even a temple dedicated to Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea.

PLague

An outbreak of contagious disease.

What were the three styles of ancient Greek sculpture?

Archaic, Classical & Hellenistic

What role did Athens and Sarta play in the Peloponnesian War?

As the power of Athens grew, other city-states, especially Sparta, became jealous and fear- ful. Athens and Sparta had mistrusted each other for a long time. After com- ing together to defeat the Persians, they soon began to quarrel. n 431 B.C.E., Sparta declared war on Athens. Many of the smaller city- states were dragged into the fight. This conflict is called the Peloponnesian War. It lasted for 27 years. Even after Sparta won the war, the Greeks continued to fight one another.

This city state was interested in art, literature, science, and philosophy.

Athens

What happened during the Battle of Marathon

Athens asked the Spartans for help. They were busy with a religious festival. The Spartans agreed to send 2000 to help when they are in battle with the Persians. Spartans arrived to help the Athens after the battle was over.

What happened in the Battle of Salamis?

Athens evacuated to seek a new homeland. Themistocles summoned his child's tutor to send a message to Xerxes. The tutor told the king that the Greeks were heading to the Bay of Salamis. If Xerxes wanted to trap and defeat the fleet, he must attack now. When they fought they realized that Themistocles told the king.

What were the results of the Battle Of Marathon

Athens won after a long time of fighting. 192 Athens died against 6400 Persians.

Who was in the Battle of Marathon?

Athens, Allies Miltiades Vs. Persians

How did the Peloponnesian War contribute to the expansion of Macedonia?

By 324 B.C.E., Alexander's armies were in northern India. After 10 years of fighting, the exhausted soldiers refused to go on. Reluctantly, Alexander returned to Babylon, in Persia. The next year, Alexander caught a swamp fever, perhaps malaria. He died in his soldiers' tent at the age of 33. After his death, Alexander's empire crumbled. Settlers left the cities he had constructed, and they fell into ruin. His gen- erals fought each other for control of the empire. In the end, Alexander's vast realm was divided into three separate king- doms. Egypt became one kingdom. There was a second king- dom in Asia. Macedonia and Greece made a third kingdom. Alexander's plan failed when his empire died, but a part of his dream lived on. He had spread Greek ideas throughout a vast area. In the centuries to come, Greek power would slowly fade away. But Greek culture would continue to influence the lands that Alexander had once ruled.

How did Alexander plan to build his empire?

By 324 B.C.E., Alexander's armies were in northern India. After 10 years of fighting, the exhausted soldiers refused to go on. Reluctantly, Alexander returned to Babylon, in Persia. The next year, Alexander caught a swamp fever, perhaps malaria. He died in his soldiers' tent at the age of 33. After his death, Alexander's empire crumbled. Settlers left the cities he had constructed, and they fell into ruin. His gen- erals fought each other for control of the empire. In the end, Alexander's vast realm was divided into three separate king- doms. Egypt became one kingdom. There was a second king- dom in Asia. Macedonia and Greece made a third kingdom. Alexander's plan failed when his empire died, but a part of his dream lived on. He had spread Greek ideas throughout a vast area. In the centuries to come, Greek power would slowly fade away. But Greek culture would continue to influence the lands that Alexander had once ruled.

Write three or four sentences that explain what happened to Alexanders empire after he dies.

By 324 B.C.E., Alexander's armies were in northern India. After 10 years of fighting, the exhausted soldiers refused to go on. Reluctantly, Alexander returned to Babylon, in Persia. The next year, Alexander caught a swamp fever, perhaps malaria. He died in his soldiers' tent at the age of 33. After his death, Alexander's empire crumbled. Settlers left the cities he had constructed, and they fell into ruin. His generals fought each other for control of the empire. In the end, Alexander's vast realm was divided into three separate king- doms. Egypt became one kingdom. There was a second kingdom in Asia. Macedonia and Greece made a third kingdom. Alexander's plan failed when his empire died, but a part of his dream lived on. He had spread Greek ideas throughout a vast area. In the centuries to come, Greek power would slowly fade away. But Greek culture would continue to influence the lands that Alexander had once ruled.

Greece was divided into many of them

City States

What is the difference between a comedy and a tragedy?

Comedy is funny and a tragedy is sad.

A term which means having a voice in ones government.

Democracy

What are the three main styles of Greek architecture?

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Where was Battle of Marathon located and when did it occur?

Eretria city Marathon 490 B.C.E.

Write three examples of how Alexander adapted the ways of other cultures to show respect for the people he conquered.

For example, in Persia he adopted the Persian system of government. He allowed Persian governors to run the day-to-day business of their lands. Still, he was careful to appoint Macedonians to head the army. He also made sure his own people controlled the taxes that were collected. Alexander also borrowed Persian customs. He began wearing decorative Persian-style clothes. He received official visitors as a Persian king would, in a luxurious tent. The tent was supported by 30-foot columns. The columns were covered in gold and silver and decorated with precious stones. Alexander demanded that his visitors greet him in the Persian style. A visitor had to kneel in front of the throne and bend over until his head touched the ground. Alexander then raised his visitor to his feet, kissed him, and called him "Kinsman." Finally, Alexander encouraged marriage between Macedonians and Persians. He himself married the eldest daughter of Darius, the Persian king he had defeated.

Country that contributed greatly to Western civilization.

Greece

Where was the Ionian Revolt located and when did it occur?

Greek Settlement of Ionian in Asia Minor (Turkey) 499 B.C.E. Sardis, lydia

Who played sports in ancient Greece?

Greek men; Greek women had their own athletic competition

How did temples play a part in Greek life? What did they look like?

Greek temples were built to provide the gods and goddesses somewhere to live on Earth. The temples had a main room where the statue of the particular god or goddess that it was named for. All temples had sloped roofs, columns surrounding the exterior and colorfully painted pediments with sculptures depicting scenes from Greek legend and history.

How were the Greek theaters designed? How did the design enhance the theater experience?

Greek theaters were designed to accommodate many people and regardless where you sat you would be able to see and hear the performance. Since the theater was designed in a half circle with the seats built into the slope of a hill, they could hold up to 18,000 spectators.

What were the results of the Battle of Plataea?

Greeks won and preserved independence Xerxes was beaten. Athens was rebuilt.

These people were taken prisoner by the Spartans and forced slavery.

Helots

What were the 5 wars in the Persian Wars?

Ionian Revolt (Beginning of the Persian Wars), Battle of Marathon, Battle of Thermopylae, Battle of Salamis, and Battle of Plataea.

What happened in the Ionian Revolt?

Ionian with the help of Athens and the Persians rushed Sardis and destroyed the capital of Lydia and destroyed it.But then King Darius lead a retaliation against Greece. Then the Persians wanted to form an allegiance but the Athens and Sparta refused. Darius was not Deterred because he knew the weakness of the Greeks and that was failure to unite around a single leader. Then King Darius wanted to conquer Greece very slowly and capturing one city state at a time. Ionians asked Athens for help. Athens sent soldiers and 20 ships and then left. Colonists storm Sardis and destroyed the city.

What were the results in the Ionian Revolt?

It created the Persian wars and multiple. It was the beginning of the Persian Wars. Persians won after 7 years

An army from there conquered Greece after the war between Sparta and Athens.

Macedonia

What city-state led by Philip II was able to conquer the whole Greece?

Macedonia

Write three examples of how Alexander used religion to unite his empire.

Many leaders in history have dreamed of ruling the world. Alexander the Great came as close as anyone to fulfilling that dream. He brought most of the world that was known to him under his rule. Alexander was a bold and brilliant general, but his conquests created new challenges. How could he control such a arge territory? And how could he unite so many different peoples and cultures? Alexander wanted all the people he conquered to accept him as their ruler. He also wanted to spread Greek culture. At the same time, he did not want to destroy every local custom in his empire. His goal was to bring people of very different cultures together under a single government.

People of Athens gathered there to visit and discuss the latest news.

Marketplace

One reason city-states never united into one strong country was that the cities were seperated by bodies of water and by these.

Mountains

Where was the Battle of Salamis located and when did it occur?

Narrow channel between island and mainland -Salamis, Greece, 480 B.C.E. After battle of Thermopylae

These present day games began more than 2,00 years ago in ancient Greece

Olympic Games

What were the reasons for Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War?

One reason was since plagues hit Athens twice during this time and killed a third of the Athens population. One of the victim was Pericles. Having lost one of her greatest generals and most experienced politicians, Athens gradually lost control over her sea empire.

Who performed in Greek theater? How did the performers dress?

Only men performed in Greek theater who wore bright costumes with padding to make them visible to a large audience. Also actors wore exaggerated masks to depict a character's age, gender and feelings.

Peloponnesian War

Organization of city states led by Sparta

Delian League

Organization of city-states led by Athens.

It lasted 27 years

Peloponnesian War

Rule Of The Thirty

Period when Sparta ruled Athens with a group of thirty tyrants.

Greek city-states united to defeat this army in 479 B.C

Persia

Who was in the Ionian Revolt?

Persia (Darius) Vs. Ionian Athenians Eretria

What caused the Ionian Revolt?

Persia conquered Ionia and took farmland and harbors and forced Ionia to pay tribute payment of goods(taxes). Also Ionians were required to serve in the Persian army. Ionians wanted to establish a Democratic form of government thus leading to the revolt led by Aristagoras.

Who was in the Battle of Thermopylae

Persians vs Greeks or Spartans

What were the results of the Battle of Thermopylae?

Persians won after the Greeks, who wanted to keep fighting, lost.

What important questions about life did the Greek philosophers try to answer?

Philosophers in ancient Greece pondered the concept of nature, the meaning of life, justice, truth and beauty.

Where was the Battle of Plataea located and when did it occur?

Plataea, Greece, 479 B.C.E.

In Athens, homes were small and plain, but these were very beautiful.

Public Buildings

What sports did they play at the Olympic Games? (list)

Running, wrestling, the pentathlon, boxing, chariot races, and horse races.

During the Archaic Period, what advancement of sculpture made the figures more realistic in appearance?

Sculptors depicted folds in the clothing of the figure they carved from stone.

During the Hellenistic Period, what emphasis was added to Greek sculpture?

Sculptors portrayed all different stages of life including old age, childhood, pain and death. Also these sculptures were more dramatic in nature.

During the Classical Period, what improvements did sculptors make to advance the art of sculpture?

Sculptors showed more facial expressions, movement, and beauty of the human form,

Who were the three most influential philosophers in Ancient Greece?

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

City state which won the Peloponnesian War.

Sparta

They feared a revolt by the helots.

Sparta

Parthenon

Temple dedicated to Athens' patron goddess Athena.

How are they different?

The Doric order consists of widening columns with undecorated capitals. The Ionic order had thinner columns than Doric and their capitals had swirls on their capitals called volutes. The Corinthian order had the same basic column structure of Ionic order with capitals decorated with acanthus leaves.

What are the four periods of pottery styles that evolved during the ancient period in Greece? Provide detailed descriptions of each to distinguish one from another.

The GEOMETRIC Period (1000-700 BCE) consisted of elaborate geometric patterns with animal and human figures intertwined with the patterns. The ORIENTATING and ARCHAIC Periods (720-550 BCE) introduce Asian inspired images which the Greeks were exposed to through their trade with other countries to the east of Greece. Later in the Archaic period, pottery focused on everyday life and scenes from Greek mythology. The Athenian Pottery (550-300 BCE) focused on scenes of everyday life and Greek heroes using initially red pots with black figures. Later this style utilized black pots with red figures as well as white pots were utilized with painted decorations. The HELLENISTIC Period (300 BCE) emphasizes texture over colors and were usually black with one accent color and raised patterns..

What were the results in the Battle of Salamis?

The Greeks sank each down and they won. Xerxes and his navy retreated. Greeks stayed to repair ships.

King's Peace

The King Of Persia imposed a temporary peace among the Greek city-states.

Who was in the Battle of Plataea?

The Persians (Mardonius) vs AThenians Sparta, and Allies

Who was in the Battle of Salamis?

The Persians (Xerxes) vs the Greeks, Athenians, (Themistocles)

What caused the Battle of Marathon?

The Persians were angry with the Greeks because they helped The Ionians in their revolt. Persia wanted presents from the Greeks as a sign that they accept the persian rule. Greeks refused (Athens and Sparta)

Treasury

The money a nation has to carry out its operations

Why was the Delian League originally formed?

To Protect Ionia from the Persians

What are three types of drama in Greek theater?

Tragedy, Comedy, Satyr (made fun of a tragic theme)

Peloponnesian War

War between Athens and Sparta that lasted 27 years.

Why was Alexander well trained to be a leader?

While the Greek city-states fought one another, Macedonia was growing stronger. For a long while, the Macedonians had been a collection of scattered tribes. Then a bold leader. King Philip II, took the throne. In a short time, he unified the warlike tribes of the north and created a well-trained army. Philip then looked south. Years of war had left the Greeks divided and weak. Philip thought he could take advantage of their weakness.

What happened during the Battle of Thermopylae?

Xerxes got his army of 1 and a half million soldiers. His army invaded Tempe, and the other gave up and moved on to Thermopylae. They cornered them but the traitor let them go. The Greeks would have won but two unexpected events came upon. Leonidas didn't know that Greek fleat, so he retreated. 300 Spartan soldiers gave up their lives.

What happened during the Battle of Plataea?

Xerxes left some of the army in Greece He told them to attack in the spring. Athenians had to retreat to Salamis to wait for the Spartans to join them. Mardonius dies and Persians lose their morale to fight. Sunk about 200 ships

What caused the Battle of Platea?

Xerxes wanted revenge for Salamis, and he wanted to conquer all of Greece. Athenians were threatened by Persian presence.

What caused the Battle of Salamis

Xerxes wanted to conquer all of Greece. Revenge for the slaughter at Thermopylae. Payback for burning of Athens-Greeks

What caused the Battle of Thermopylae?

Xerxes wanted to conquer more lands. Xerxes wanted revenge for Marathon. Sparta wanted to prove their fighting expertise.