Animal Behavior FInal

Generally speaking, which of the following is an FALSE statement?

Attractiveness in a male will drive sexual preferences

T/F: A bull mounting another bull is homosexuality.

False

T/F: An animal with a sociability index of less than 1.0 is considered to be highly sociable

False

T/F: Bitches will not use the nest box provided by their humans

False

T/F: Fear is the most common reason for aggression in horses

False

T/F: Higher levels of hormones will improve libido.

False

T/F: Litter-bearing animals are less likely to accept foster animals compared to animals with singleton or twin births.

False

T/F: Livestock producers should eliminate all aggressive behavior

False

T/F: Maternal protectiveness of cows will decrease with parity

False

T/F: Nursing is more frequent in hider species.

False

T/F: Poor management of male animals will NOT reduce libido.

False

T/F: Social isolation in dogs will not cause abnormal sexual behaviors.

False

T/F: Sows will primarily use sight to recognize their own offspring

False

T/F: When moving in groups, dominant cows will lead the pack.

False

Cat Vocalization: Hiss

Noise produced when mouth is open and teeth are exposed. Defensive

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Goats

Separate groups for males and females

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Sheep

Separate groups for males and females

T/F: Dominance/social rank will affect the frequency and duration of suckling in horses

True

T/F: In sheep, dominance is not related to body weight.

True

T/F: In swine, the presence of blood will increase tail biting.

True

T/F: Mares and geldings can exhibit the flehmen's response when smelling urine

True

T/F: Presence of the boar will accelerate puberty in gilts.

True

T/F: Smaller litters of piglets will nurse less frequently than large litters

True

T/F: Testosterone, naturally occurring in the body or given exogenously can result in aggressive behavior in an animal.

True

In mares, the [BLANK1] level in milk will increase as foaling approaches. Body temperature will be [BLANK2] one day prior to parturition.

calcium, lower

Maternal behavior in swine consists of three main factors. [BLANK1] involves low cortisol response to minor stressors. [BLANK2] is the response to piglet squeals and to human approach to piglets. [BLANK3] activity is the third main factor.

calmness, protectiveness, nursing

The [BLANK1] form of aggression is most likely due to neophobia, whereas, [BLANK2] form of aggression often occurs when a human aids an injured animal.

fear-induced, pain-induced

The brain is inherently [BLANK1]. In utero, the presence of [BLANK2] will defeminize the brain and will determine the external genitalia.

female, androgens

Hider species include cattle and [BLANK1]. Follower species include [BLANK2] and sheep.

goat, swine

There are three forms of foal rejection in horses: method 1 - is the rejection of [BLANK1], the second is [BLANK2] of the foal, and the third (will often occur again and again) is [BLANK3] the foal.

suckling, fear, attacking

In swine, there are four phases of suckling bouts. The first phase involves the initial massage of the udder. The second phase is a quiet phase, the third is the [BLANK1] suckling phase, and the last phase is the final massage which stimulates the release of [BLANK2].

true, prolactin

List four normal courtship behaviors of a queen in heat.

-Calling and purring -Restlessness -Darting -Affectionate to owners -Frequent urination -Rubbing of head and flanks on furniture -Postures -Rolling, squirming, and stretching -Immobile stance -Allows mounting -Tail is deviated

What are the three cardinal signs of impending parturition in bitches?

-Drop in body temperature -Restlessness -Inappetence

You have taken your dog to the dog park, when you suddenly notice a dog running toward your direction. What cues do you look for to determine if the dog is friendly or aggressive? List three.

-Ears -Mouth -Facial expression -Tail -Hair on shoulders and rump -Body position

What are the six factors that alter male and female sexual behavior in animals?

-Genetic sex of the animal -Perinatal organizational action of hormones -Past social and sexual experience -Adult activational action of hormone and anatomical status -Attractiveness of potential male -External environment

Generally, maternal behavior is influenced by three factors. Name them.

-Hereditary -Experiential -Hormonal

Put the following sexes of pigs in order from most aggressive to least aggressive. -Sow -Boar -Barrow

1. Boar 2. Sow 3. Barrow

What are three predisposing factors for vices in horses? Why do you believe each of these factors lead to vices?

-Lack of variety in hay: poor variety leads to boredom -Non-straw shavings: horses don't prefer to nib on shavings -Three meals/day: horses are grazers and need to eat throughout the day -Only a few horses in close proximity: no social interaction

What are the two most common behavioral problems related to sexual behavior?

-Poor libido in breeding males -Unwanted sexual behavior in castrated males

What three factors determine dominance in goats?

-Presence or absence of horns -Size -Age

Describe the "Coolidge effect" in your own words. How would a livestock producer use this concept to help improve their herd/flock's reproductive rate?

-Stimulation of sexual behavior caused by a new female. -Example: Collecting semen from male, could use a new female to help increase sexual behavior and increase semen output.

In mares, what are three common sexual problems? Choose one and describe why you believe that it is problematic.

-silent heat -psychic heat -excessive sexual behavior -split or prolonged estrus -anestrus

Match the descriptions of a dog's posture to the correct behavioral response: 1. Tail between legs and ears flat 2. Laying down with hind leg lifted showing belly 3. Tail and ears down, body leaning away

1. Fearful 2. Submissive 3. Fear-biting

Match the rhythm to the correct description. 1.High frequency 2.Ultradian 3. Infradian 4. Circadian

1. Occurs in periods of less than 30 minutes 2. More frequent than 24 hours 3. Have cycle periods less frequent than 24 hours 4. Occur within a 24 hours period

Classify the area of the cat to whether it is cleaned more frequently or less frequently. 1. Neck 2. Shoulders 3. Front paws 4. Stomach 5. Rear legs 6. Tail

1. More frequently cleaned 2. More frequently cleaned 3. More frequently cleaned 4. Less frequently cleaned 5. Less frequently cleaned 6. Less frequently cleaned

Match dog vocalizations to the correct description: Growl

Aggressive call

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description: Snort

Alarm call

Describe a situation where a male animal would have a negative sexual experience and how that it would affect that his ability to breed or collect again.

An example would be when a male stallion goes to breed and the floor is slippery and he ends up falling. This experience may make the stallion not want to go into that breeding shed to breed again.

Which of the following animals has the longest duration of ejaculation?

Boar

In which animal does the male bite and hold the female's neck during the courtship process?

Cat

Which of the following species will spend 25% of their lifetime sleeping?

Cattle

Compare how maternal behavior is different between a free-range sow, a group-housed sow, and a confined sow.

Correct Free-range sows will have both nest site seeking and nest building behaviors as they are not limited in space. Group-housed sows will not have nest site seeking behavior but will attempt to build their nest. Group-housed sows will be much more limited in what materials they have available to build their nest. Confined sows will show very little maternal behavior with the exception of nursing.

Match dog vocalizations to the correct description: Howl

Could be due to isolation or stimuli

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Dogs prefer to have a companion than be alone

During which of the following times will cattle spend the most time?

Drowsiness

Match dog vocalizations to the correct description: Whine

Elicits care

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description: Neigh

Greeting or separation call

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Cattle

Groups of females and solitary males

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Swine

Groups of females and solitary males

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Cats

Groups of females that are flexible from solitary to matrilineal

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Dogs

Groups of females with one or several males

Match the correct social structures to the different free-ranging animals: Horses

Groups of females with one or several males

Cat Vocalization: Growl

Harsh, low pitched vocalization. Given when encountering a potential threat

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description: Roar

High-amplitude call of the stallion toward a mare

Spontaneous or Induced Breeder: Queen

Induced ovulator

What is the most aggressive type of behavior in horses?

Kicking

Cat Vocalization: Shriek

Loud, harsh, high-pitched sound. Use in aggressive situations or painful procedures

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description: Nicker

Low-volume call which may elicit care

Match the vocal noises of a horse to the correct description: Squeal

May be used by an estrus mare when a stallion is close

What animal experiences heat within 5 to 18 days following parturition?

Mare

Which of the following statements are FALSE about pigs?

Multiparious gilts are the most likely to cannibalize

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Bitch

Non-seasonal breeder

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Cow

Non-seasonal breeder

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Sow

Non-seasonal breeder

Which of the following litter-bearing animals does not have a teat order?

Puppies

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Doe

Seasonal breeder

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Ewe

Seasonal breeder

Seasonal or Non-seasonal breeder: Queen

Seasonal breeder

Cat Vocalization: Purr

Soft, buzzing voalization

Cat Vocalizations: Chatter

Sound used by cats when hunting or when restrained from hunting in confinement

Spontaneous or Induced Breeder: Bitch

Spontaneous ovulator

Spontaneous or Induced Breeder: Mare

Spontaneous ovulator

Spontaneous or Induced Breeder: Sow

Spontaneous ovulator

Which of the following behaviors is NOT observed in a receptive mare in response to a teaser?

Squeal

Which of the vocalizations of the pig will indicate arousal?

Squeal

In what species does the male NOT exhibit the flehmen's response?

Swine

Match dog vocalizations to the correct description: Bark

Territorial Call

When sheep are in the presence of humans, they will do what more frequently?

Urinate

Choose an animal (mare, cow, sow, ewe, doe, queen or bitch) and describe two poor maternal behaviors. Describe how you as the owner could alleviate/prevent these behaviors. If you are unable to change the poor behavior of the dam, what is your solution? Be detailed in your answer.

Two poor maternal behaviors of a sow would be cannibalism of her piglets and laying on her piglets. A solution to both of these issues would be to put the sow in a farrowing crate so that she has less room to do these things.

Which method of communication is most helpful to humans when gauging temperament and health of an animal?

Visual

Cat Vocalization: Chirp

Vocalization given by a mother to her kittens when nursing

What is the more important means of communication in pigs?

Vocalizations

Which of the following is NOT true regarding dominant sows?

Will give birth to larger piglets

[BLANK1] is the term for the lead animal within a group, whereas, the [BLANK2] is the second-ranked animal.

alpha, beta

At a distance, ewes will use sight and [BLANK1] to locate their lambs. The bond of a lamb to their dam is stimulated through the ingestion of [BLANK2].

audition, colostrum

[BLANK1] is defined as the presence of neonates causing maternal behavior in virgin females and males. This phenomenon can be used to help accept alien young and is generally used in sheep and [blank2].

concaveation, horse

In [BLANK1], teat order is critical in determining their social ranks. After the [BLANK2] day of nursing, the same teat is nursed by the same pig 90% of the time.

pigs, 6th

The presence of the male which aids in bringing the female into heat is termed as the [BLANK1] effect. This effect occurs due to [BLANK2], which is secreted by the male.

ram, pheremone

Sleep in domestic animals if classified generally two ways. The first way, [BLANK1] is also known as quiet sleep; the second way, [BLANK2] is the sleep where we believe animals may dream.

slow wave sleep, REM

With olfaction, pheromones play an active role in the animal's behavior. To help identify pheromones, animals will aspirate urine in their nose and bring it to the [BLANK1] organ. The [BLANK2] response can aid in bringing urine to the nasal cavity.

vomeronasal, flehmen