Animal Physiology Exam 3

When a glucose molecule is completely hydrolyzed, _______ NADH2 molecules and _______ FADH2 molecules are produced.

10;2

Assuming individuals of the same body size, one who is at _______ would have the lowest VO2 max. a. 1500 feet above sea level b.1000 feet above sea level c.500 feet above sea level d.sea level

1500 feet above sea level

If a cell loses its mitochondria, the net number of ATP molecules that can be produced from one glucose molecule is

2

Physiologists have always pondered the relationship of body size to the evolution of hibernation. Based on evolutionary theory, an animal of that weighs _______ kg will have the least energy savings in hibernation.

400

Based on how the metabolic rates of ectotherms and endotherms respond to temperature, at which temperature would you expect the differences in metabolic rates between ectotherms and endotherms to be largest? (Hint: Think about the response curve of each type of animal to environmental temperature.)

5°C

Which animal is most likely to have the advantage of migration to a warmer region as winter approaches? a.Lemming b.Adult white footed mouse c.Bighorn sheep d.Alpine marmot

Bighorn sheep

In winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. How do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss?

By allowing their feet to cool below core temperature but remain above freezing

Which form of energy is totipotent for animals?

Chemical energy

Refer to the figure below. If the y-axis label is "Weight-specific metabolic rate (J/g•h)", which animal consumes the most oxygen per unit time?

Desert cottontail

Sprinting is an activity that relies heavily on anaerobic metabolism over short periods of time. From a conceptual perspective, what would be the most accurate way to measure metabolic rate during sprinting?

Direct calorimetry

Which animal has the lowest weight-specific metabolic rate? a.Bear b.Elephant c.Nonhibernating mouse d.Small reindeer

Elephant

Which hormone was used to test for brown-fat function in newborn reindeer?

Epinephrine

Some animals can survive freezing and others cannot. Which of the following is associated with the ability of animals to survive freezing?

Freezing of the extracellular fluids only

Which line indicates the species that naturally experiences the narrowest body temperature range?

I

Which graph represents "heavy submaximal exercise"?

II I- light submaximal exercise III- supramaximal exercise

Which animal would display a U-shaped curve of oxygen consumption per unit of time relative to speed?

Magpie (bird)

Which statement regarding microbes in reindeer rumen is false?

Microbes that digest cellulose are less prevalent in winter communities than summer communities.

Which organelle is found in large quantities in brown fat cells?

Mitochondira

Which animal will have the fastest rate of aerobic ATP production per unit of body mass? a.Salamander b.Lizard c.Monkey d.They will all have the same rate

Monkey

What happens to a homeotherm's resting metabolic rate when the temperature is outside its thermoneutral zone?

Resting metabolic rate goes up.

Which type of leg muscles do various animals depend on for long distance ground locomotion?

Slow oxidative, because of their endurance

Which animal has the highest mass-specific metabolic rate? a.Summer-acclimatized reindeer at 10°C b.Winter-acclimatized reindeer at -30°C c.Summer-acclimatized reindeer at -30°C d.Winter-acclimatized reindeer at 10°C

Summer-acclimatized reindeer at -30°C

For animals of any given body size, engaging in their primary form of locomotion, which is the least energetically costly way to cover a long distance?

Swimming (in fish)

Suppose that you compare the amount of food needed by four groups of lizards, each of which has a metabolic rate that is expected for its body size. There are 10 lizards weighing 10 g each, 5 lizards weighing 20 g each, 2 lizards weighing 50 g each, and a single 100-g lizard. Assuming equivalent digestions, similar food, and so on, which lizard group requires the most food?

The 10-g lizard group

Which would have more brown fat, a lamb born in Florida or one born in Alaska?

The lamb born in Alaska

Which of the following is an advantage for small mammals, such as lemmings, in the winter?

They can escape the cold by living under the snow.

Which is a plausible rationale for periodic arousal of animals during hibernation?

To restore synapses in the brain

The specific role of oxygen in the cell is to

act as a final electron acceptor.

Consider a lactating animal that eats three times as much food as one that is not lactating. The lactating animal does not grow, deposit fat, or markedly increase her metabolic rate. The extra ingested energy was

exported, in the form of milk.

A direct calorimeter measures the rate of

heat production

In newborn humans, brown fat concentration is

high and declines as growth occurs.

All else being equal, the convective coefficient (per unit area) is likely to be highest when wind speed is _______ and animal size (diameter) is _______.

high; low

For animals, an advantage of fur is that

if the air it traps is motionless, heat is transferred by conduction.

A pronghorn can run for a longer period of time than a cheetah because a pronghorn

is adapted to aerobic respiration during running while the cheetah relies on anaerobic cellular respiration.

Comparing animals that share a single primary mode of locomotion, large bodied species will cover distances at a _______ weight-specific cost than small bodied species.

lower

The speed that _______ the cost of transport is the speed that _______ the distance that can be traveled with a given amount of energy.

minimizes; maximizes

Fatty acids isolated from the distal limb of a reindeer would consist of

more unsaturated than saturated fatty acids.

Which mammal would be most likely to maintain some brown fat as an adult? a.Dog b.Beaver c.Mouse d.Reindeer

mouse

Suppose you eat five tangerines for lunch. On average, the energy from _______ would end up being used by your brain.

one

A blocker that inhibits creatine kinase would halt

phosphagen production

When experimental animals are fed different diets and their subsequent hibernation times are measured, the animals that hibernate the most effectively are animals that were fed a _______ diet.

polyunsaturated fatty acid

In a very hot environment, the benefit of hyperthermia is that it

saves water and reduces heat gain.

Small mammals need more O2 per gram of body weight than large mammals do. Compared to large mammals, small mammals have _______ lungs and breathe _______ times per minute.

smaller; more

The increase in the metabolic rate of an animal that results from eating food is called

specific dynamic action.

The major role of brown fat is to

warm the body by nonshivering mechanisms.