Animal Tissue
Sarcomere
Myofibrils divided into Sarcomeres (Thick and thin filaments) , which do the relaxing and contracting. * Interaction between two myofilaments: Actin (thin filaments, attach to one of two ends of the sarcomere) and Myosin (Thick filaments). Divided by a Z-Line, contraction bringing these closer * Myosin wants to attach with Actin; sliding filament model
Three Configurations of Epithelial Cells
Squamous - Flat (Diffusion, used more in places with disposable cells), Cubodial - Cubish (absorb nutrients and produce secretions), Columnar (Cushion underlying tissues)
Osseous/Bone Tissue
Type of Connective Tissue * Spongy Tissue - Strong but porous, stores bone marrow * Compact Tissue - Dense, stores calcium * produces blood cells
Types of Connective Tissue
Areolar Adipose Fibrous Bone Cartilage Blood
Cartilage Tissue
* Connective Tissue * No blood, but fibers that stands up against tension and compression. Ground substances has a lot of proteoglycan *Hyaline, Elastic Cartilage (Ear) and Fibrocartilage (Vertebrae)
Four Types of Animal Tissue
* Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Simple vs Stratified Epithelium
* Simple (1 Layer) found in places where things need to diffuse, e.g Alveoli * Stratified (2 Layers) needed for protective layer, e.g Esophagus
Muscle Tissue
* Uses muscle fibers, built by actin and myosin to contract. Also keeps body upright, pumps blood and food (Heart)
Immature + Mature Connective Tissue Cells
*Immature and Mature Cells * Immature - Made up of Stem Cells (suffix -blast) dividing to replicate themselves. Secrete ground substance and fibers for whatever type of connective tissue they're making * Transition into mature cells (suffix -cyte), maintaining stability of connective tissue
Loose vs Dense Connective Tissue
Makes up Connective Tissue Proper. Loose Connective Tissue - Flexibility, more cells and ground substance, less fibers. Connects epithelial tissue to muscles underneath, and supports organ and blood vessels. e.g Areolar, Adipose, Reticular Dense Connective Tissue - Anchoring, fibers as main element. e.g Tendons and Ligaments
Smooth Muscle
No sarcomeres, not striated. Found within the blood vessels [arteries, arteioles, and veins] and hollow organs [Fallopian Tube, gut, uterus, airways]. Involuntary contraction. Helps with digestion and pushing blood. Slowest speed, Eye-shaped, 1 nucleus
Epithelial Tissue
Prevents harmful fluids coming in (Primary) by covering glands and outer body. Polar - Does not have a blood supply; depends on connective tissue for nutrients * Epidermis - Skin, Mucosa - Inner Surface of Organs (like stomach), Serous - Covering Cavities
Skeletal Muscle
Sarcomeres, Striated. Attached to tendons, bones. Voluntary contraction; fastest speed. Straight shape. Multinucleated.
Cardiac Muscle
Sarcomeres, Striated. Involuntary contraction and unique to the heart muscle; faster than smooth muscle. Branched shape. 1 or 2 Nuclei.
Connective Tissue
used to bind, support, protect, store fat and fill space, loose and fibrous ex. cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments, blood, and protective layers
