another

Diverse protists that possess saclike membrane vesicles at the cell periphery, and may have cilia or flagella for movement, are classified in the supergroup called

Alveolata

Which group of organisms is most closely related to the choanoflagellates?

Animals

Select all of the following that are impacts of protists on global ecology.

Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.; Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria.; Algae are being used in biofuel production.

Select all of the characteristics that can be found in members of the supergroup Stramenopila.

Silica cell walls; Multicellularity; Flagellar hairs

Which of the following best describes how many Excavata obtain nutrients for energy?

Small particles enter the feeding groove, are ingested through phagocytosis, and are digested into small molecules.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact of protists on human health?

Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.

About half of ______ species are heterotrophic, and half possess photosynthetic plastids that were derived by secondary or even tertiary endosymbiosis.

dinoflagellates

Protists can be grouped into three types according to the ___ roles they fulfill within their environments.

ecological

In an intimate relationship between two organisms, the smaller species that lives within the body of the larger species is known as the

endosymbiont

Protists are

eukaryotes

Phagocytosis without digestion of a bacterial cell by a simple protist (one that lacks a plastid) can result in _____ endosymbiosis.

first

The term protist comes from a Greek word that reflects the observation that these organisms were Earth's ____ eukaryotes.

first

Protists have evolved diverse ways for locomotion. For example, swimming can occur by means of appendages called ____ and ____ .

flagella;cilia

Plankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton are informal groupings of protists classified according to

habitat

In endosymbiosis, the endosymbiont lives ____ the body of the host.

inside

A plastid that is acquired by tertiary endosymbiosis is called a(n) ____ plastid.

tertiary

Plastids that originated evolutionarily when an organism that already possessed secondary plastids was engulfed and became endosymbiotic are ______ plastids.

tertiary

Primary endosymbiosis is associated with a plastid that possesses ______ membranes.

two

Primary endosymbiosis is associated with a plastid that possesses

two membrane

Which of the following are structures that protists utilize to swim?

Cilia; Flagella

One supergroup contains organisms that use a feeding groove to collect food particles, which are then ingested by phagocytosis, and digested into small molecules that can be used for energy. The supergroup is named

Excavata

Which types of protists are able to produce their own food?

Mixotrophs; Photoautotrophs

Which of the following are characteristics of the green algae?

Most possess primary plastids; Many possess flagella

Which of the following are characteristics of at least some dinoflagellates?

Mutualistic with corals; Alveoli contain cellulose plates; Cause red tides

Protists and related organisms that are characterized by a single posterior flagellum on swimming cells are classified in which eukaryotic supergroup?

Opisthokonta

Which of the following are informal groups of protists classified according to habitat?

Plankton; Periphyton

Which of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the supergroup Alveolata?

Saclike, membranous vesicles at the cell periphery; Cellulose plates; Secondary or tertiary plastids; Flagella or cilia

Which of the following are characteristics of at least some of the close protist relatives of land plants?

Unicellularity; Multicellularity; Primary plastids; Flagella

Newly discovered species and results from molecular genetic methods have resulted in

a constantly changing classification of the protists

Primary plastids are organelles that evolved via endosymbiosis; they possess ______ capabilities.

photosynthetic

The process by which a prokaryotic organism, such as a cyanobacterium, is engulfed and retained within a heterotrophic host cell, providing it with useful traits, is known as ______ endosymbiosis.

primary

When a heterotrophic host cell engulfs but does not consume a prokaryotic organism, retaining some of the prokaryote's useful traits, we refer to this as ____ endosymbiosis.

primary