ANS 313 Tests
6. The federal agency that carefully regulates the use of feed additives in animal agriculture for the USA. a. Federal Department of Agriculture b. Food and Drug Administration c. Federal Drug Agency d. Michigan Department of Agriculture
...
22. How much vitamin E 20,000 premix (20,000 IU/lb) should be fed to supplement a rhino with 8000 IU of vitamin E per day? Give answer as the number of pounds per day (write the number only using 2 significant figures).
0.40 8000 IU vit E /d / (20,000 IU vit E / lb premix) = 0.40 lb premix
37. You were feeding the diet of question 36. Now you change to a new dog food with 9% fat (diet ME is ~3200 kcal/kg), how much would the dog need to eat to meet its energy requirement? Answer in kg.
1.3 kg 4000/3200=1.25*1000g=1250 0r 1.25 kg and you round up so yeah
33. A llama requires 13.0 Mcal of DE per day. Predicted dry matter intake is 5.0 kg per day. Available feeds are a grain mix (3.0 Mcal DE/kg DM) and a mixed hay (2.0 Mcal DE/kg DM). How much hay will you feed per day (in kg DM)?
2.0 3G+2H=13 G+H=5 G=5-H 3(5-H)+2H=13 15-3H+2H=13 -H=-2 H=2
34. According the AAFCO, a dogfood for all life stages should be 22% CP on a DM basis if the food is 3.5 kcal ME/g on a DM basis. You have a dogfood that contains >24% CP, >9% fat, <11% moisture, and <5% crude fiber. Assume it is 6% ash. What %CP should the food be on an as-fed basis to meet the specifications for all life stages?
20 Do the requirement multiplied by the decimal of DM of the food that you have 22*0.89 =19.58
33. A pig gains 100 g of muscle. About how much muscle protein did it gain? Answer should be a whole number without units.
20 or 25 nitrogen gain is 1/5 or 1/4 of total muscle gain
35. According to the NRC for Cats and Dogs, the ME requirement for an inactive adult cat is considered to be 84 x BW0.75 (with BW in kg). Assume this formula works for an inactive adult tiger that weighs 200 kg and that the Zoo Carnivore diet (basically ground beef) that is being fed is 10% fat and 18% protein on a wet basis (assume no carbohydrate). How much of this diet should the tiger be fed per day (give answer in kg wet weight)?
3.0 ME reqt is: 84*2000^75= 4470 kcal/day The food is: 10% x 8.5 kcal/g + 18% x 3.5 kcal/g = 1.48 kcal/g. 4470 kcal/d / (1.48 kcal/g) = 3020 g/d = 3000 g/d = 3.0 kg/
36. An active adult border collie eats a dog food with 18% fat and 30% protein; the ME value is 4000 kcal/kg. If the dog eats 1000 g/day, it meets its requirements for energy and protein. How many grams of protein does it consume with 1000 g of this dogfood?
300 1000*30% = 300 intake to reach req./ % protein
25. If your birds gained 400 g of protein and ate 1.20 kg of protein during the study, what was the efficiency of converting dietary protein to body protein as a percentage? Give answer with no decimal places and only give the number.
33 400 g protein / 1200 g protein consumed = 33%
21. How much Selenium 90 premix (200 ppm Se) should be fed per day to supplement a draft horse with 8 mg of Se per day? Answer is in grams premix per day, but only give the number. (write the number only using 2 significant figures).
40 8 mg Se / (200 mg Se / 1000 g premix) = 40 g premix
38. You want to feed a group of beef steers 70 kg of corn silage per day (dry matter basis). The corn silage is 35% DM. How many lb of corn silage on an as fed basis should you feed it?
440 70 lb/X lb = 35% X = 200 lb 200 lb *2.2 kg =440 kg
39. A watermelon is 95% water. What is the % DM? Answer should be a whole number without % sign.
5%
24. Assume your birds gained 300 g of fat and 400 g of protein. What was their energy deposition in kcal? Give answer with two significant digits and only give the number.
5100 300 g fat x 9.5 kcal/g + 400 g protein x 3.5 kcal/g = 5110 kcal
40. A batch of corn gluten meal is determined to be 10% N. What is its % crude protein? Round to nearest whole number and do not include % sign. (Remember that 0.5 is always rounded up, not down)
63% To find crude protein % from nitrogen %, multiply nitrogen % by 6.3
20.A guinea pig is switched from a diet containing 3000 kcal/kg to a new diet containing 3500 kcal/kg at restricted feed intake. If the diet originally was correctly formulated and contained 600 IU of vitamin E per pound, what should be the concentration of vitamin E in the new diet?
700 600 IU vit E/lb x (3500 kcal/kg) / (3000 kcal/kg) = 700 IU vit E/lb
1. T F To increase intake in cattle, feed them a diet with lots of effective fiber. A little extra never hurts.
False If you already have enough fiber, them more will decrease energy intake
41. Because feedstuffs vary in composition, it is recommended (by Dr. V) that farmers and nutritionists: a. have every feed analyzed every week b have every feed analyzed every month c. have every feed analyzed at least once a year d. none of these is the recommendation given in class
Some feeds never need to be analyzed, especially if you only have a 2 horses or 4 beef cows. d. none of these is the recommendation given in class
1. T F Metabolic energy is expended to absorb glucose; this contributes to the heat increment of an animal.
True
19.Giving Fifi some bones, along with exposure to sunlight or oral supplementation with this vitamin, likely will cure the disease. Just give the short name of this vitamin, as in "vitamin _"
Vitamin D
31. The cheapest and most abundant of the six nutrient classes.
Water
46. After drying a 200-gram sample of silage, you find the dry weight is 72 grams. What is the %DM? a. 31-40% b. 41-50% c. 51-60% d. 61-70% e. 71-80%
a. 31-40% dry weight/sample size= DM%
11. A pony weighs 300 kg. What is its metabolic body weight? a. <300 b. 300 c. >300 d. none of these
a. <300
27. Trying out some new feeds for his elephant, Sabu measures feed intake at 50 kg of dry matter/day (40 kg hay and 10 kg "elephant pellets") and fecal output at 20 kg of dry matter/day. What did he determine for the total diet? a. Apparent digestibility = 60% b. True digestibility = 60% c. Apparent digestibility = 30 kg/day d. True digestibility = 6.0 kg/day
a. Apparent digestibility = 60% (Total eaten- feces)/ Total eaten
You have two little chickens named Rickey and Markey. You feed both the same corn soy diet, but you feed Markey at 1.5X maintenance and Rickey at 2X maintenance (Rickey just gets more of the diet). You feed them both until they reach a market weight of 8 pounds. Choices for each question are: a. Markey at 1.5X b. Rickey at 2X c. There is really is not much difference between the two. d. None of these. 33. In the end, which chicken eats the most and costs the most to get to the 8-pound market weight?
a. Markey at 1.5X
You have two little chickens named Rickey and Markey. You feed both the same corn soy diet, but you feed Markey at 1.5X maintenance and Rickey at 2X maintenance (Rickey just gets more of the diet). You feed them both until they reach a market weight of 8 pounds. Choices for each question are: a. Markey at 1.5X b. Rickey at 2X c. There is really is not much difference between the two. d. None of these. 35. Which produces the most chemical energy waste (methane, fecal and urinary energy) per pound of meat produced ?
a. Markey at 1.5X
You have two little chickens named Rickey and Markey. You feed both the same corn soy diet, but you feed Markey at 1.5X maintenance and Rickey at 2X maintenance (Rickey just gets more of the diet). You feed them both until they reach a market weight of 8 pounds. Choices for each question are: a. Markey at 1.5X b. Rickey at 2X c. There is really is not much difference between the two. d. None of these. 34. Which chicken produces the most heat (hot air) to get to market weight?
a. Markey at 1.5X 1.5X chicken grows half as fast and takes twice as long to get to market weight, so it eats more feed just for maintenance and produces more heat over its lifetime
17. You are the veterinarian/ consultant for a riding stable. You notice that the stable has several horses that are too thin and several horses that are too fat. The horses are fed in one large group. What might be the problem? a. Not enough space for all the horses to eat at once. b. Not enough long fiber particles in the diet. c. The horses have too much access to pasture. d. The horses do not get ridden enough.
a. Not enough space for all the horses to eat at once
28. Evaluate the following trace mineral supplement for use in lactating dairy cows. If the cows ate it at about 0.5% of daily dry matter intake, would it be an effective supplement? a. Yes when fed at 0.5% of the total diet, all trace minerals should be adequate for the cattle. b. Yes, the profile is okay but the supplement should be fed at 1% of the diet instead of 0.5% or deficiencies might occur. c. No, a deficiency of at least one trace mineral is likely with this supplement at 0.5% of the diet. d. No, a toxicity of at least one trace mineral is likely with this supplement at 0.5% of the diet.
a. Yes when fed at 0.5% of the total diet, all trace minerals the lowest is iron at 40% of the requirement. The rest of the diet almost surely will have enough iron for the other 60% of reqt
7. These nutrients, which are plentiful in legume seeds, can be converted to glucose in the liver. a. amino acids b. fermentation acids c. fatty acids d. cellulose e. none of these
a. amino acids
15. Which enzyme is not very important for a lion on the African plains but is important for most domestic cats? a. amylase b. lipase c. chymotrypsin d. trypsin e. none of these (they are all needed)
a. amylase
6. Compare digestion in a young calf and a yearling heifer. Which would absorb the most nutrients (energy and protein) from 1 kg of milk? a. calf b. yearling c. depends on the time of year d. it would all be fermented
a. calf
22. This steroid hormone stimulates mobilization of fat and muscle protein, and stimulates gluconeogenesis a. cortisol b. glucagon c. gastrin d. cholecystokinin (CCK) e. none of these
a. cortisol glucagon is a peptine (protein) hormone, cortisol is a steriod
20. The goals for making silage from whole alfalfa plants is: a. exclude oxygen as quickly as possible b. harvest it as soon as possible after cutting so no leaves are lost c. let it dry down to less than 50% moisture so that you don't have so much weight to bring back to the farm from the field d. all of these
a. exclude oxygen as quickly as possible see the graph of dry matter content at harvest and losses in harvest and storage. Harvesting as soon as possible after cutting will give material that is too wet. Harvesting at less than 50% moisture (>50% DM) will give material that is too dry.
23. Major metabolic fuel source during a long-term fast in a white-tailed deer in winter: a. fatty acids b. glycogen c. amino acids d. glucose e. glycerol
a. fatty acids Glycogen only lasts for a day. Fatty acids are a great metabolic fuel in a long-term fast.
19. Why is supplementation with trace minerals and vitamins more important for a lamb fed a high grain diet than an all hay diet? a. grain promotes faster growth but has fewer micronutrients per unit energy b. grain has more protein per pound c. most of the micronutrients in grain are unavailable for absorption d. none of these are the reason
a. grain promotes faster growth but has fewer micronutrients per unit energy
12. For which of these feedstuffs would the GE and DE values (kcal/g) be most different for a young hamster? a. grass hay b. ground corn c. soybean meal d. GE and DE values are similar for all of these
a. grass hay the grass is less digestible that the corn or soy
18-21. Fasted cat. Bucky the obese cat is accidentally locked in the garage for 2 weeks while the family is on vacation. He has water but no food. Possible answers are: a. gut distention signals b. hepatic oxidation c. blood glucose and insulin concentrations d. all of these 21. You nurse him back to health, and decide you must help him lose weight. You feed a very high-fiber weight reduction food. He eats as much as he wants every day and still loses weight. Which signal(s) might explain this?
a. gut distention signals he can't eat to meet his metabolic setpoint and loses weight because his gut is full
12. The fact that an adult horse can maintain blood glucose at about 80 mg/dl regardless of whether it has just consumed a high grain meal or been fasted for a day is a good example of a. homeostasis b. gluconeogenesis c. glycolysis d. homeorhesis e. galactopoiesis
a. homeostasis
bST response. A lactating cow in late lactation is injected with bovine somatotropin routinely for 2 months. 28. Her total excretion of manure per day will: a. increase b. decrease c. not change d. not able to predict
a. increase as the cow eats more and produces more milk, she will also produce more urine and feces --- more per cow but the amount per gallon of milk produced will actually be less
13. For a young male lion, nutrients would be partitioned in which order (with most important first): a. maintenance → muscle accretion → adipose accretion b. maintenance → adipose accretion → muscle accretion c. mammary accretion → maintenance → muscle accretion d. none of these - nutrient partitioning is only relevant for farm animals
a. maintenance → muscle accretion → adipose accretion
17. Which of the following compounds is never used for net production of glucose? a. palmitate b. propionic acid c. lactic acid d. galactose e. glycerol
a. palmitate
16. This positively-charged electrolyte helps regulate cellular osmolarity and assists in ion transport across cell membranes and is usually found in high concentrations outside the cell: a. sodium b. iodine c. phosphorus d. chloride e. none of these
a. sodium
Which of the following people will benefit least from taking a vitamin supplement? a. student eating a variety of foods, including fruits, green vegetables, meats, dairy products, and grains b. student on the popular "snack food and Red Bull energy drink diet" c. student who never gets enough sleep and is stressed out trying to get top grades in every class d. all of these students should take a vitamin supplement or they will not be health
a. student eating a variety of foods, including fruits, green vegetables, meats, dairy products, and grains
16. You eat your breakfast quickly on Mondays to make your 8 AM class. You always eat 800 kcal, but if you eat pancakes, you are hungry already at 10 AM whereas if you eat bacon and eggs, you are not hungry again until noon. Why? a. the pancakes digest quickly, causing a big spike in insulin, which clears the absorbed glucose from blood b. the protein and fat of the eggs and bacon decreases your ability to digest starch c. the protein in the pancakes is more digestible that that of the bacon and eggs d. the gut stretch receptors are desensitized by the pancakes e. all of these might be involved
a. the pancakes digest quickly, causing a big spike in insulin, which clears the absorbed glucose from blood
6. In the mid-1900s, as we began to raise pigs in confinement, nutrition scientists discovered that supplementation with this trace mineral was necessary. Parakeratosis is the classic deficiency sign. a. zinc b. calcium c. choline d. keratin e. none of these
a. zinc
32. This microbial waste product contains 2 carbons and is a major metabolic fuel in a lactating cow. Answer is 2-words. Second word is acid.
acetic acid
10. You are the veterinarian/ consultant for a dairy farm. The farm has a major problem with mastitis, an infection/inflammation of the mammary gland. What vitamin was discussed in class as potentially boosting the immune system to fight mastitis? (give scientific name, not a letter, do not use a word that is plural)
alphatocophenol or tocophenol
37. The enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of common table sugar. Use common name.
amylase
27. You have 20 beef cows on spring pasture. Assume they each eat about 25 lb DM per day. To prevent grass tetany, you give them a high Mg mineral block free choice; it contains 6% Mg. You want them to consume enough Mg to provide an extra 0.1% to 0.2% Mg in their diet. They eat one 50-pound block every 5 days. How much Mg (as a % of total diet) are they getting from the block? a. 0.06-0.10%, so not enough b. 0.11-0.15 %, so okay c. 0.16-0.20%, so okay d. 0.21-0.25%, so too much e. none of these
b. 0.11-0.15 %, so okay
11. How much energy is used to increase 1.0 kg of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C? a. 1.0 calorie b. 1.0 kcal c. 1000 Calories d. 1.0 Mcal
b. 1.0 kcal
24. Approximate ME value of the diet you are feeding your birds. (Pay attention to the units!) a. 6.25 cal/g b. 3.2 kcal/g c. 6.25 kcal/g d. 3200 Mcal/kg e. 6250 kcal/kg
b. 3.2 kcal/g I hoped you might have a number in your head from balancing diets, but if not, you could also remember that fat, protein, and carbs are worth about 9, 4, and 4 kcal/g on an ME basis
47. Corn is 0.3% CP and soybean meal is 3.0% CP. You want a mix that is 1.2% CP. How many pounds of soybean meal must be used to make 100 pounds of mix—the rest will be corn? Everything is on an as-fed basis. a. 21-30 b. 31-40 c. 41-50 d. 51-60 e. 61-70
b. 31-40 0.3 C + 3S = 1.2 C + S = 1 C=1-S 0.3(1-S) +3S = 1.2 0.3-0.3S+3S=1.2 2.7S=.9 .33 = S so its really 33 pounds of soybean Remember to make the pounds a 1
16. The Net Protein Value score of a protein that is 80% digested and has a biological value (BV) of 80: a. 16 b. 60 to 70 c. 75 to 85 d. 6400 e. more information is needed
b. 60 to 70 NPV score of a protein= %digested * BV
4. Metabolic body weight (BW) is: a. BW0.5 b. BW^0.75 c. 0.5 x BW d. 0.75 x BW e. log BW
b. BW^0.75
18. You have 5 adult horses that don't get ridden much. They are on a pasture that is really not big enough. The summer is hot and dry and they are running out of grass. They each require about 18 Mcal DE/day so you want to supplement with about 15 Mcal/day. What should you do? Think about health of the horses, feed costs, and practical feeding management. a. Feed 10 lb/head/day of a commercial horse feed from the local feed store. DE=1.5 Mcal/lb, $20/100 lb b. Feed 15 lb/head/day of grass hay from a neighbor. DE = 1.0 Mcal/lb, $4/50 lb bale c. Feed 9 lb/head/day of cracked corn from the local feed store. DE=1.7 Mcal/lb, $8/100 lb d. Just let them lose body condition until the pasture comes back.
b. Feed 15 lb/head/day of grass hay from a neighbor. DE = 1.0 Mcal/lb, $4/50 lb bale Feeding just the corn might be cheaper, but it is asking for trouble. Almost surely one of the horses is going to consume too much grain and get colic or founder.
16. One strategy for surviving and thriving on a high fiber diet is to eat a lot but only digest the easy stuff. This animal is one the best examples of the "Just eat as much as you can" strategy. It digests as little as 5% of its diet, which means that it defecates a lot. a. Komodo Dragon b. Giant Panda c. Galapagos Tortoise d. African elephant
b. Giant Panda
15. This trace mineral is often added to table salt to prevent goiter: a. Na b. I c. Se d. Cl e. none of these
b. I
You have two little chickens named Rickey and Markey. You feed both the same corn soy diet, but you feed Markey at 1.5X maintenance and Rickey at 2X maintenance (Rickey just gets more of the diet). You feed them both until they reach a market weight of 8 pounds. Choices for each question are: a. Markey at 1.5X b. Rickey at 2X c. There is really is not much difference between the two. d. None of these. 31. Which chicken eats the most and costs the most to feed per day when you start your experiment?
b. Rickey at 2X
32. Which chicken would have the lowest thermoneutral zone on the third day of the study? You have two little chickens named Rickey and Markey. You feed both the same corn soy diet, but you feed Markey at 1.5X maintenance and Rickey at 2X maintenance (Rickey just gets more of the diet). You feed them both until they reach a market weight of 8 pounds. Choices for each question are: a. Markey at 1.5X b. Rickey at 2X c. There is really is not much difference between the two. d. None of these.
b. Rickey at 2X the more chicken eats per day, the more heat produced and the lower the thermoneutral zone
2. Greater concentrations of parathyroid hormone directly cause which of the following responses: a. deposition of bone b. activation of vitamin D c. transfer of magnesium to milk d. none of these
b. activation of vitamin D
14. If you ate bacon and eggs for breakfast with no starch or sugar, the primary source of blood glucose 3 h later would be: a. liver glycogen b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycerol
b. amino acids protein is being absorbed and used to make glucose
2. Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient for a polar bear? a. water b. carbohydrate c. protein d. fat e. none of these (they are all essential)
b. carbohydrate
bST response. A lactating cow in late lactation is injected with bovine somatotropin routinely for 2 months. 29. Life-cycle analyses show that use of bST: a. is an environmental disaster b. decreases the environmental footprint of the dairy industry
b. decreases the environmental footprint of the dairy industry
4. The feed intake of cattle during hot weather, compared to cooler weather in their thermoneutral zone, a. increases because they require extra energy to dissipate heat b. decreases, perhaps as a protective mechanism to decrease heat production c. does not change--feed intake really only changes in cold weather d. hard to predict and it does not really matter how much they eat anyway
b. decreases, perhaps as a protective mechanism to decrease heat production
6. You have a group of ewes that are nearly ready to lamb. You notice that some of them are not eating well, seem unresponsive and incoordinated, and just kind of stare off into space with glazed eyes. You have nothing available to test them with, but you have several things available. Which of the following would almost certainly help them out? a. drench with mineral oil b. drench with propylene glycol c. add ammonium chloride to their feed d. give an injection of oxytetracycline e. infuse with a calcium supplement
b. drench with propylene glycol
14. The site of most fiber digestion in a camel. a. headgut b. foregut c. midgut d. hindgut e. impossible to know
b. foregut
22. Activities that would be activated during peak absorption after a high corn grain diet in a beef cow: a. glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis b. gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis c. fatty acid synthesis and glycogenolysis d. glycogenolysis and lipolysis
b. gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis Glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) will be depressed after cow eats grain
18-21. Fasted cat. Bucky the obese cat is accidentally locked in the garage for 2 weeks while the family is on vacation. He has water but no food. Possible answers are: a. gut distention signals b. hepatic oxidation c. blood glucose and insulin concentrations d. all of these 20. On day 14, you find him. He is weak and smells ketotic. Surprisingly, he does not seem very hungry. Which signal(s) might explain this?
b. hepatic oxidation
18-21. Fasted cat. Bucky the obese cat is accidentally locked in the garage for 2 weeks while the family is on vacation. He has water but no food. Possible answers are: a. gut distention signals b. hepatic oxidation c. blood glucose and insulin concentrations d. all of these 19. On day 4, he is really hungry. Which signal(s) might explain this?
b. hepatic oxidation c. blood glucose and insulin concentrations d. all of these gut distention cannot alone explain hunger
26. What do the teeth of a dog tell you about its diet? a. they are not very good at grinding so dogs should never be fed cereal grains b. if dogs are fed cereal grains, they should be ground before feeding c. obviously dogs should only be fed bones and raw flesh d. dogs have great multipurpose teeth to eat almost any kind of food e. none of these is true
b. if dogs are fed cereal grains, they should be ground before feeding
10. You have one cat and one toy poodle (not much bigger than the cat). They like to eat out of the same bowl and you are tired of trying to separate their food. Neither one is fat and you feed them twice a day. You decide to buy only catfood. Which of the following would cause a problem for the dog over time? a. excess protein b. insufficient protein c. inadequate selenium d. inadequate omega-3 fatty acids e. none of these should cause a problem when feeding catfood to dogs
b. insufficient protein
bST response. A lactating cow in late lactation is injected with bovine somatotropin routinely for 2 months. 30. The FDA considers that use of bST: a. is 100.000000% safe b. is reasonably safe c. is profitable d. all of these
b. is reasonably safe
23. A broiler diet contains 20% corn, 10% wheat midds, and 60% soybean meal in addition to minerals and vitamins. Assuming all nutrients other than protein are well balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? a. best carcass b. lean carcass c. rapid growth d. cheap feed costs
b. lean carcass The wheat midds and ridiculously high protein will slow growth rate down, so not best carcass.
15. Appetite is defined as: a. taste of a food b. level of desire for food c. acceptability of a food d. aroma of the food e. none of these
b. level of desire for food
24. This disorder in a dog can occur if proteolytic enzymes are activated while still in the cells that synthesize them. a. hepatitis b. pancreatitis c. septicemia d. colitis e. none of these
b. pancreatitis
45. This feeding strategy reduces the risk that dominant birds will eat more than their share when feeding groups at restricted intake. a. skip-the-fat b. skip-a-day c. skip-the-fiber d. skip-the-protein
b. skip-a-day
18. Food labels often now include information about trans fats. This is important because a. all trans fatty acids are bad for your health. b. some trans fatty acids are bad for your health c. trans fatty acids are good for you d. trans fatty acids are unnatural and synthetic
b. some trans fatty acids are bad for your health
9. One valid reason to graze cattle on one large pasture (conventional grazing) instead of several smaller paddocks is: a. the large pasture makes less efficient use of the available herbage b. the large pasture allows you to play "cowboy working on the range" with your 4-wheeler c. the growth of undesirable species (weeds) is minimized d. the heat generated by stampeding cattle in October can help to warm things up
b. the large pasture allows you to play "cowboy working on the range" with your 4-wheeler
9. This AA has a complicated structure and is a precursor for neurotransmitters that can make you sleepy. a. tyrosine b. tryptophan c. leucine d. asparagine e. none of these
b. tryptophan
9. Many rodenticides interfere with normal blood clotting. Death can sometimes be prevented by immediate infusions of: a. iron b. vitamin K c. copper d. vitamin A e. none of these
b. vitamin K
24. The ratio of protein to energy in an animal's diet should be increased in which of the following situations? a. cold weather b. weight-loss diet c. fat-free diet d. all of these e. none of these
b. weight-loss diet Protein:energy could be decreased, not increased, in cold weather. Fat-free diet won't matter.
13. Dr. D's pigs are getting fat. Which diet would work best to keep them from getting any fatter? (assume all diets are 5% ash and 10% water and meet mineral and vitamin needs; you can ) a. 10% CF, 5% EE, 20% CP b. 10% CF, 10% EE, 40% CP c. 20% CF, 5% EE, 20% CP d. 20% CF, 5% EE, 10% CP
c. 20% CF, 5% EE, 20% CP
2. Some forms of iron are absorbed more efficiently than others. The percentage of heme iron that is absorbed is about a. 4% b. 10% c. 25% d. 60%
c. 25%
50. A rhino needs 36 Mcal DE per day. You have hay that is 1.2 Mcal DE/pound on an AsFed basis. How many pounds of hay AsFed should you feed each day? a. 11 to 15 b. 21 to 25 c. 26 to 30 d. 31 to 40 e. 41 to 50
c. 26 to 30 36 Mcal DE 1.2 Mcal DE / lb divide em and get 30
18. The approximate ME value (in kcal/g) of a protein that is 80% digested and has a BV of 80 when it is fed to an adult at maintenance: a. 2.0 or less b. 2.1 to 3.0 c. 3.1 to 4.0 d. 4.1 or more e. more information is needed
c. 3.1 to 4.0 When protein is fed to an adult at maintenance, it is all used as a fuel source and none of the protein is retained. GE is 5.65. Multiply by 80% to get DE = 4.5 kcal/g. Because none is retained, UE loss would be another 20%, Thus ME = 80% of DE = 3.6 kcal/g.
14. A growing llama is fed pasture and a grain mix. Per day, it consumes 100 g of N and excretes 20 g N per day into feces and 60 g N per day into urine. (Note that grams of N are being reported, not protein). Body protein gain is: a. 5-10 g/d b. 20-60 g/d c. 80-160 g/d d. none of these
c. 80-160 g/d Body protein gain equation: = (Consumed N - Excreted N from feces - Excreted N from urine) = grams of N/day g of N/day *6.25 g protein/g N= grams of protein/day
19. Assume the biological value of corn protein is 40, and the BV of soy protein is 60. The BV of a 50:50 mix would be: a. <50 b. 50 c. >50 d. 100 e. more information is needed
c. >50
16. The percent of calories from fat in a dog treat if it contains 30% fat, 30% protein, 35% water, and 5% ash. a. <50% b. 50% c. >50% d. the calculation cannot be made without more information
c. >50% the food has equal amounts of fat and protein with no other energy sources. Because fat is more energy dense, more than half the calories will be from fat.
4. Ruminants, horses, and other large herbivores need this trace mineral to synthesize vitamin B12. a. Boron b. Beryllium c. Cobalt d. Copper e. none of these
c. Cobalt
14. Most animals should be supplemented with this in Michigan, but a deficiency is less likely in Nebraska or Colorado. a. Na b. P c. Se d. Ca e. K
c. Se
5. The most abundant carbohydrate on earth; microbes help us obtain nutrients from it. a. chitin b. lignin c. cellulose d. sucrose e. none of these
c. cellulose
19. When nutritionists talk about microbial protein, they are referring to the protein that microbes: a. consume b. excrete c. contain d. digest e. secrete
c. contain
11. Why is ammonium chloride sometimes added to a lamb diet? a. binds pellets together b. acts as a good salt substitute c. decreases urine pH d. none of these
c. decreases urine pH risk of urinary calculi is reduced by acidifying the urine
10. When young milk-fed animals scour, they may become dehydrated. Thus we recommend they be given supplements of: a. citrates b. epsom salts c. electrolytes d. deccox e. none of these
c. electrolytes
16. This protein feedstuff has a very low degradability in the rumen and so is a good RUP source for a cow. a. urea b. alfalfa meal c. expeller soybean meal d. canola meal
c. expeller soybean meal
4. You have an old thin cat with poor teeth. How could you help it gain some weight? a. feed a diet with more fructose than normal b. feed a diet with more calcium than normal c. feed a diet with more lipid than normal d. feed a diet with more protein than normal
c. feed a diet with more lipid than normal
5. How could you keep a growing lamb from picking and choosing feeds and thus balancing its own diet. a. feed it individually ad libitum b. mix hay with grain before feeding it c. feed the diet as a single complete pellet d. all of these would help
c. feed the diet as a single complete pellet
14. Most animals are sensitive to these toxic compounds, which can be found in grain stored during warm and moist conditions. a. bacterial toxins b. microtoxins c. fungal toxins d. alfatoxins e. none of these
c. fungal toxins Fungal toxins are mycotoxins. One example is aflatoxin
25. Synthesized by gut tissues in response to food and to stress, this hormone stimulates acid secretion in the stomach. a. cortisol b. glucagon c. gastrin d. cholecystokinin (CCK) e. none of these
c. gastrin
13.This bird has a foregut fermentation system. (do a google search or see <www.int-ornith-union.org/files/proceedings/durban/Symposium/S37/S37.2.htm>. a. emu b. turkey c. hoatzin d. coturnix
c. hoatzin
Toxicity is a much greater concern than deficiency for this essential nutrient. a. cyanocobalamin b. mercury c. lead d. magnesium
c. lead d. magnesium
11. Corn has lots of this branched-chain AA, and its metabolites are involved in regulating protein synthesis. a. tyrosine b. tryptophan c. leucine d. asparagine e. none of these
c. leucine
12. Farmer Domecq feeds his growing pot-bellied pigs a diet of corn, corn distillers grains, corn gluten meal, minerals and vitamins. Adding a little of this would enable him to decrease diet CP and N excretion while promoting optimal lean gain. a. urea b. D,L- methionine c. lysine-HCl d. soybean meal e. none of these
c. lysine-HCl
22. Most absorption of amino acids occurs in this part of the digestive tract in a horse. a. headgut b. foregut c. midgut d. hindgut e. impossible to know
c. midgut
25. The most important compartment of the gastrointestinal tract in your broiler chicks (site of most digestion). a. headgut b. foregut c. midgut d. hindgut e. impossible to know
c. midgut
17. Some hindgut fermenters practice copraphagy. Perhaps they like the taste, but the major benefit is increased intake of: a. water b. minerals c. protein d. starch e. all of these
c. protein
20. A broiler diet contains 14% vegetable oil as one of the ingredients. Assuming all nutrients are appropriately balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? a. high profit b. lean carcass c. rapid growth d. cheap feed costs
c. rapid growth
25. Within an animal's thermoneutral zone, it maintains ideal body temperature with no extra metabolic work by: a. regulating respiration rate b. drinking ice water c. regulating blood flow in the skin d. shivering
c. regulating blood flow in the skin
20. Farmer Beede feeds his trail horses a diet of mostly grass with some cracked corn. A good protein source to mix with this diet is: a. lysine hydrochloride b. urea c. soybean meal d. distillers grains e. none of these
c. soybean meal
13. For which of these feeds would the DE and ME values (kcal/g) be most different for a mature gelding (castrated male horse)? a. grass hay b. ground corn c. soybean meal d. DE and ME values are equal for all of these
c. soybean meal the soybean meal is high in protein and some will be lost as urinary energy
1. The ratio of protein to energy in a dog's diet should be increased in which of the following situations? a. he is in a cold environment b. the dog is very thin c. the diet has no carbs d. all of these e. none of these
c. the diet has no carbs
43. In your broiler project, you were instructed to mix the mineral, vitamin, and methionine supplements together first, then to mix with some soybean meal, and to add the oil last on top of the ground corn. Why? a. to make sure you did not make a big mess b. to make sure you did not waste the oil which was expensive c. to make sure all the ingredients were mixed uniformly d. to make sure you did not waste the vitamin mix which was expensive
c. to make sure all the ingredients were mixed uniformly
16.Fifi (a 6-mo-old rhodesian ridgeback puppy) is spoiled. She is fed only chicken breasts and beef steaks (no bones) and stays indoors all day. Her diet is probably is severely deficient in this mineral.
calcium
3.This metalloprotein enzyme with an interesting name is the major copper-carrying protein in blood and represents the majority of the copper found in blood of young animals and it is increased during pregnancy. (see textbook and make sure you spell this correctly). You can also find this by using wikipedia on "copper in nutrition".
ceruloplasmin
5.As seen in Figure 11.10 in your textbook or on many websites, this electrolyte is a major anion of blood and extra cellular fluids. Give name of charged ion, not the atom. (8 letters)
chloride
6.Normally, we do not supplement this mineral, but studies have shown that supplementation as a tripicolinate salt increases lean and decreases fat in growing pigs, perhaps through its effects on insulin (see end of Chapter 12, 8 letters).
chromium
11.Sheep must be fed lower concentrations of this nutrient than most other animals.
copper
9. The caloric value of a plant foodstuff depends partly on its %DM, %fat, and %ash. What are two additional major factors that are important and are routinely measured in a feed analysis lab? a. % starch and % protein b. % lignin and % starch c. temperature and % water d. % fiber and % lignin
d. % fiber and % lignin
17. Approximate concentration of selenium that should be supplemented to diets of most animals:a. 0.2% b. 20 ppm c. 2 ppm d. 0.2 ppm e. none
d. 0.2 ppm
11. A lactating cat with 5 kittens consumes 10 g of N per day. It is not gaining weight. The amount of N in feces, urine, and milk (g/day) likely will be: a. 0 or less b. 1 to 4 c. 5 to 8 d. 10 or more
d. 10 or more
8. A trace mineral supplement contains 0.015% Zn. How many ppm is this? a. 0.15 ppm b. 1.5 ppm c. 15 ppm d. 150 ppm e. 1500 ppm
d. 150 ppm
17. The approximate ME value (in kcal/g) of a protein that is 80% digested and has a BV of 80 when it is fed in a protein limiting-diet: a. 2.0 or less b. 2.1 to 3.0 c. 3.1 to 4.0 d. 4.1 or more e. more information is needed
d. 4.1 or more GE is 5.65. Multiply by 80% to get DE = 4.5 kcal/g. If none was retained, UE loss would be another 20%, but if 80% is retained, UE loss is only 20% of 20%, or 4%. Thus ME = 96% of DE = 4.3 kcal/g.
18. Assume one serving of a butter has 5 grams of fat. How many Calories would a human food label say it has? a. 12.5 b. 20 c. 28 d. 45 e. none of these is within 10%
d. 45
29. If Sabu wants to feed 125 Mcal of DE per day and his hay is 2.5 Mcal of DE/kg of DM, how much hay should he feed per day? a. 25 kg DM b. 40 kg DM c. 45 kg DM d. 50 kg DM e. more information is needed
d. 50 kg DM
13. A growing llama is fed pasture and a grain mix. Per day, it consumes 100 g of N and excretes 20 g N per day into feces and 60 g N per day into urine. (Note that grams of N are being reported, not protein). Apparent digestibility of the protein is: a. 20-30% b. 40-50% c. 60-70% d. 80-90%
d. 80-90% (100 - 20)/100 = 80% Apparent digestibility = (Consumed N - excreted N from feces)/Consumed N
bST response. A lactating cow in late lactation is injected with bovine somatotropin routinely for 2 months. 27. The bST will increase blood concentrations of this hormone: a. thyroxin b. glucagon c. cortisol d. IGF-I e. none of these
d. IGF-I
8. When changing a feedlot diet, a good way to predict if the switch would increase weight gains is to: a. Watch the animals and see if they eat the new feed. b. Taste the new feed yourself and then give it to your little brother. c. Monitor the number of hours the steers spend bawling for the old feed. d. Monitor the dry matter intake and energy intake per head per day over a two-week period.
d. Monitor the dry matter intake and energy intake per head per day over a two-week period.
12. This laboratory measurement does the best job of estimating the % cell wall carbohydrate in a feed. a. NFC b. NRC c. CF d. NDF e. ADF
d. NDF
20. One problem with the idea of a cow jumping over the moon is that she would have to travel through space where there is no gravity. Doing so would probably cause her to bloat, and she would likely die before getting there. Why might a ruminant have major problems surviving in zero gravity but a horse would probably be okay? a. microbes would likely ferment feed particles normally without gravity and thus produce gas as usual b. the gas and liquid layers of the rumen would not exist without gravity c. the formation of the gas layer is critical for the process of eructation d. all of the above e. this a completely hypothetical question for which there is no answer
d. all of the above
14. Which animal should be dewormed regularly? a. grazing horse b. dog c. free-ranging pig d. all of these e. none of these
d. all of these
15. To improve health and productivity of a dairy cow, feed ad libitum a diet that contains: a. 27-30% NDF b. enough RDP to meet needs of rumen microflora c. some starch to provide glucogenic precursors d. all of these
d. all of these
18-21. Fasted cat. Bucky the obese cat is accidentally locked in the garage for 2 weeks while the family is on vacation. He has water but no food. Possible answers are: a. gut distention signals b. hepatic oxidation c. blood glucose and insulin concentrations d. all of these 18. On day 2, he kills and eats a large mouse and his hunger is satiated. Which signal(s) might explain this?
d. all of these
42. A good farm nutritionist is one who: a. spends time formulating great diets on paper and then also makes sure the diets are actually fed b. understands that nutrition models are not always right and that nutrient requirements are not simply single values c. pays close attention to the animals and their response to management changes d. all of these
d. all of these
bST response. A lactating cow in late lactation is injected with bovine somatotropin routinely for 2 months. 26. She will: a. produce more milk per day b. eat more food per day c. be more efficient d. all of these e. none of these
d. all of these over time bST will increase food intake to support the need for more nutrients to make more milk
3. Lean genetic lines of pigs: a. require more AA daily to maximize their genetic potential b. are more efficient in converting feed to gain c. might not be any more efficient in converting feed energy to tissue energy d. all of these
d. all of these Lean pigs require more AA to reach potential. For efficiency, you must consider that lean tissue (muscle) is 80% water and 20% protein compared to almost no water in adipose tissue. In addition, protein is 5.7 kcal/g but fat is 9.5 kcal/g. is only 1 kcal/g but fat tissue is 9 kcal/g. Thus, lean tissue is only 1 kcal/g but fat tissue is 9 kcal/g, so gain:feed is almost always better for lean instead of fat gain. However, energetic efficiency might not be any greater for lean gain and in fact, fat gain is often more energetically efficient than lean gain
10. A thin steer will likely eat more and grow faster in response to a high grain diet than a fat steer of the same breed and weight. Which of the following are true? a. this is known as the compensatory gain phenomenon b. the hormone leptin likely explains the different appetites c. because of this, farmers are willing to pay more per pound for thinner calves d. all of these are true
d. all of these are true
44. One way to ensure that the diet that is mixed and fed is the same as the diet on paper is: a. make sure the mixer scales are calibrated regularly b. make sure the person feeding understands the mix sheet c. measure the dry matter content of wet forages once a week d. all of these could help e. none of these is helpful
d. all of these could help
28. Sabu decides his elephant is too fat, how should he change the diet? a. find elephant pellets with a higher %NDF b. find hay with a higher %NDF and a lower %TDN c. feed 45 kg hay and no pellets d. all of these might be helpful e. more information is needed
d. all of these might be helpful
2. This compound is fed to acidify the urine and prevent the formation of urinary calculi in sheep. a. ammonium nitrate b. sodium chloride c. sodium sulfate d. ammonium chloride
d. ammonium chloride
1. This branched-chain storage polysaccharide of plants is converted to glucose by digestive enzymes. a. lecithin b. triglycerin c. amylose d. amylopectin e. polyglucoprotein
d. amylopectin
12. This acidic AA was first isolated from asparagus and was the first AA to be discovered (maybe because of the stinky pee?). a. tyrosine b. tryptophan c. leucine d. asparagine e. none of these
d. asparagine
8. These compounds produced by the liver break up lipid droplets and thus enable lipase to hydrolyze triglycerides. a. gall stones b. lauryl sulfates c. cholestyramines d. bile acids e. hepatic buffers
d. bile acids
22. A broiler diet contains 90% corn and 5% soybean meal in addition to some oil and minerals and vitamins. Assuming all nutrients other than protein are well balanced, for which of the following growth goals would this diet be most suitable? a. best carcass b. lean carcass c. rapid growth d. cheap feed costs
d. cheap feed costs
23. This hormone is produced by gut tissues in response to a meal of protein and fat; it slows digesta flow and stimulates satiety. a. cortisol b. glucagon c. gastrin d. cholecystokinin (CCK) e. none of these
d. cholecystokinin (CCK)
26. As feed intake and the rate of digesta flow increases, what happens to the DE value of a feed? a. drops to zero b. stays the same c. increases d. decreases
d. decreases
21. Activities that would be activated during peak absorption of a high corn grain diet in a pig: a. gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis b. glycogen breakdown and fatty acid synthesis c. gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis d. glycogen synthesis and fatty acid synthesis
d. glycogen synthesis and fatty acid synthesis Gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown will be depressed after a pig eats corn.
25. Which of the following consists only of the ten AA that are generally considered essential? a. lys, tyr, trp b. thr, trp, ala c. his, pro, met d. his, phe, val e. all of these are essential
d. his, phe, val
9. You feed Paylean (ractopamine) to a pig for several weeks. The pig grows faster and becomes leaner. Why? a. it doubles the metabolic rate and heat production b. it increases conversion of estrogens to androgens c. it increases efficiency of protein digestion d. it activates the β-adrenergic receptors in muscle and adipose tissue
d. it activates the β-adrenergic receptors in muscle and adipose tissue
26. For many years, the recommended daily intake for vitamin D in human adults was about 500 IU. This is currently being questioned with some new studies providing evidence that 1000-2000 IU/day may decrease the risk of certain cancers, including colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers. At present, what does the National Cancer Institute recommend regarding vitamin D intake? (search for "Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention")? a. we should take more supplemental D now b. time to quit using sunscreen c. the new data is of no value d. it is still too early to make a change e. they have no opinion
d. it is still too early to make a change e. they have no opinion
5. If you force feed a duck grain so it eats more than it wants to eat, much of the extra glucose will be partitioned to: a. adipose tissue to burn the extra calories to make heat b. muscle to support extra work for moving around c. thymus gland to improve immune function d. liver to support synthesis of fatty acids
d. liver to support synthesis of fatty acids the glucose will be used to make fatty acids in liver which will then be sent to adipose where they will be stored (not burned)
3. In a lactating cat, which body process is always given greatest priority for nutrients? a. milk production b. growth c. fat deposition d. maintenance
d. maintenance
12. Iron deficiency would be most likely if an animal is fed a diet (without supplemention) of all: a. corn and soybean meal b. alfalfa c. meat d. milk
d. milk
10. Compare an adult mink and an adult goldfinch. Which would most completely digest pelleted fiber? a. mink b. goldfinch c. both would digest it well d. neither would digest it well
d. neither would digest it well
7. Why is glucosamine sometimes added to a dogfoods? a. binds pellets together b. enhances the flavor c. enhances vitamin stability d. none of these
d. none of these Glucosamine may improve joint health
15. A growing llama is fed pasture and a grain mix. Per day, it consumes 100 g of N and excretes 20 g N per day into feces and 60 g N per day into urine. (Note that grams of N are being reported, not protein). Muscle gain is likely: a. 5-10 g/d b. 20-60 g/d c. 80-160 g/d d. none of these
d. none of these Muscle is 80% water and 20% protein, so 125 g protein / 0.2 = 625 g muscle / d .
11. You feed your cat 100 times its mineral and vitamin requirements. Toxicity is least likely to occur for which of the following? a. vitamin D b. sulfur c. selenium d. riboflavin
d. riboflavin you can almost always feed gobs and gobs of the water-soluble vitamins with no problem
8. This feed additive is generally fed to feedlot cattle because it alters rumen fermentation to increase propionate, decrease methane, improve feed efficiency, and decrease the chance of bloat and rumen acidosis. It should never be fed to a horse. a. dihydrogen monoxide b. poloxalene c. somatotropin d. rumensin e. none of these
d. rumensin
21. Farmer Trottier feeds a group of young pigs a diet of ground corn. She can add one ingredient. Which of the following should she choose? a. urea (280%CP, 40¢/lb) b. lysine (100%CP, $1.00/lb) c. bloodmeal (80%CP, 40¢/lb) d. soybean meal (55%CP, 20¢/lb)
d. soybean meal (55%CP, 20¢/lb) Soybean meal will provide a great blend of AA to balance out the AA supply of corn. If you add only lysine, pigs won't get enough of several other AA. Urea is of no value to pig. Bloodmeal is good but more expensive per pound of protein.
23. In examining the digestive tract of a lamb, I found lots of whole corn particles in the rumen but none in the large intestine. What is the most likely explanation for the lack of visible corn particles in the large intestine? a. the corn particles were digested by the powerful enzymes of the small intestine b. the corn particles were ground finely in the ventriculus c. the corn particles were completely emulsified in the abomasum d. the corn particles were ruminated and fermented
d. the corn particles were ruminated and fermented
27-30. Match the metabolic problem. Each answer can only be used once, one answer will not be used. 28. Characterized by hyperglycemia after a high starch meal
diabetes
49. You want to feed a steer 4 kg DM of corn silage per day. If the silage is 40% DM, how much should be fed on a wet weight basis in pounds? (Note that both kg to pound and DM to AsFed conversions are needed) a. 0.5 to 2 lb b. 3 to 5 lb c. 6 to 9 lb d. 10 to 15 lb e. 20 to 25 lb
e. 20 to 25 lb 4 kg / X =0.4 10 kg = X 10 kg = 22lb
15. When fed to a cat, fiber would have very little: a. NEm b. ME c. GE d. GE nor ME e. ME nor NEm
e. ME nor NEm fiber is poorly digested, so DE, ME, and NEm values are all low
19. Which of the following would help maximize energy intake for a group of high producing dairy cows? a. provide cooling fans in summer b. feed the cows 10% more than they eat each day c. remove orts at least once every two days d. make sure the cows have plenty of good quality water e. all of these
e. all of these
20. A diet rich in antioxidants may improve health and longevity. A good source of antioxidants is: a. dark chocolate b. coffee c. red wine d. tomatoes e. all of these
e. all of these
17. You eat your breakfast slowly on Saturdays after getting up late. You eat pancakes and syrup, bacon and eggs, and fruit. You notice that you feel full after about 45 minutes, before your plate is empty. Why? a. the pancakes digest quickly, increasing glucose and insulin concentrations in blood b. the protein and fat stimulate release of CCK c. the pancakes are high in quickly digested starch and quickly provide oxidizable fuel to the liver d. the gut stretch receptors are stimulated e. all of these might be involved
e. all of these might be involved
7. You are the veterinarian for a dairy farm. The dry cows that were within 3 weeks of calving were recently switched to a new hay source. At about 1-2 days after calving, many of the cows are shaky and have trouble standing or walking. You check the hay analysis and see that it was very high in potassium. Which of the following would be most likely to help out these downer cows? a. drench with mineral oil b. drench with propylene glycol c. add ammonium chloride to their feed d. give an injection of oxytetracycline e. infuse with a calcium supplement
e. infuse with a calcium supplement
48. According to AAFCO standards, your cat needs a diet that is 28%CP on a DM basis. However, food labels are an AsFed or wet-weight basis, so what %CP is required on an AsFed basis? a. 24-26% b. 27-29% c. 30-31% d. none of these e. more information is needed
e. more information is needed This will depend on whether you are feeding a dry kibble or a wet food from a can. If a dry kibble at 90% DM, answer would be 28 x 0.9 = 25%. If a wet food at 70% moisture, 30% DM, answer would be 28 x 0.3 = 8%
18. Approximate concentration of molybdenum that should be supplemented to diets of most animals: a. 0.2% b. 20 ppm c. 2 ppm d. 0.2 ppm e. none
e. none we never worry about a shortage of Mo
10. Part of the urea cycle, this AA is generally considered essential. Many adult mammals can make their own a. tyrosine b. tryptophan c. leucine d. asparagine e. none of these
e. none of these
19. This compound accounts for most of the energy lost as gas energy in a camel. a. ethanol b. carbon dioxide c. ammonia d. urea e. none of these
e. none of these
5. Baby pig anemia is a classic sign for a deficiency of this element. a. manganese b. linolenic acid c. copper d. iodine e. none of these
e. none of these anemia is classic sign of iron shortage
7. One of the first visible signs of severe acute hypocalcemia. a. deformed long bones b. enlarged facial bones c. osteomalacia d. osteoporosis e. none of these
e. none of these chronic dietary Ca deficiency might give a, b, or c, but severe acute low blood calcium gives hypocalcemic tetany (muscle weakness)
24. This pancreatic peptide hormone stimulates storage—synthesis of glycogen, fatty acids, and proteins. a. cortisol b. glucagon c. gastrin d. cholecystokinin (CCK) e. none of these
e. none of these insulin is the answer
Many animal diets include limestone as a mineral supplement because it is a great source of this nutrient (~36% by mass): a. phosphorus b. carbonate c. magnesium d. lithium e. none of these
e. none of these limestone supplies Ca
3. The enzyme phytase increases the availability of this essential nutrient to be digested and absorbed: a. potassium b. pyrogen c. phenylalanine d. picolinate e. none of these
e. none of these phytase helps digest phosphorus
13. Which of the following animals should be given ascorbic acid as a dietary supplement? a. lactating sow b.working horse c. breeding ewe d. neutered male cat e. not needed for any of these
e. not needed for any of these very few animals need ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
21. Before nutrition was a science, people often developed diseases of malnutrition on long sea voyages. What disease was cured when sailors were given citrus fruits on the voyage? a. dermatitis b. dementia c. obesity d. baldness e. scurvy
e. scurvy
38. This enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin and thus is critical for protein digestion even though it does not break down dietary proteins on its own. Use the one we talked about in lecture notes.
enterokinase
1. T F The ten "commonly considered essential amino acids" are needed in the diets of all animals, as dictated by the genetic code.
false
10. T F A lactating sow likely will be more productive in hot weather than cold weather, because milk gets rid of body heat.
false
2. T F When protein is fed to a polar bear, its gross energy (GE) value is 2.25 kcal/g.
false
3. T F Most animals thrive when fed a diet that is deficient in leucine because they simply substitute another one of the branched-chain amino acids in its place when synthesizing proteins.
false
3. T F The compound responsible for most of the energy lost in urine of a llama is uric acid.
false
5. T F A lactating dog has high requirements for glucose to synthesize milk lactose; milk production will be limited if the dog eats only protein without sufficient starch.
false
7. T F Most animals can synthesize glucose from fatty acids.
false
8. T F A dairy nutritionist is more interested in knowing the amino acid balance of expeller (heat-treated) soybean meal than that of regular solvent-extracted soybean meal because most of the protein in the expeller SBM but not the solvent SBM is digested by the animal.
false both are highly digested, but the expeller soy is less degraded in the rumen
2. T F Methionine is typically the most limiting amino acid in corn grain. If scientists could get corn plants to put more methionine into grain, the protein quality would be considerably improved.
false Lysine is the most limiting amino acid in corn
14.This nutrient increases bioavailability of vitamins A, D, E and K (3 or 5 letters).
fat or lipid
27-30. Match the metabolic problem. Each answer can only be used once, one answer will not be used. 29. Would result if VLDL synthesis was less than hepatic lipogenesis
fatty liver
7. This trace mineral is added to drinking water in the U.S. It is proven to be safe and effective in preventing dental cavities, but toxicity can be a problem and some people want to stop its use. Give name of charged ion, not the atom.
fluoride
31. This chronic health problem is exacerbated by housing a horse inside and feeding dry hay. Give the simple 6-letter name.
heaves
27-30. Match the metabolic problem. Each answer can only be used once, one answer will not be used. 27. May occur in a pregnant ewe that is not eating
ketonemia
34. The essential fatty acid that has 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. Spell carefully! Answer is 2-words. Second word is acid.
linoleic acid
36. All absorbed nutrients except fats must pass through this organ before being partitioned throughout the body.
liver
13.One of the main sites for storing iron in an animal's body (see Fig 12.6 of textbook; 5 or 6 letters).
liver or spleen or blood
4.The major antioxidant found in tomatoes. No wonder ketchup makes you happy.
lycopene
15.A herd of beef cows on corn stalks is eating way more mineral premix than expected based on requirements. Name an ingredient that might explain the overconsumption (8 letters).
molasses
9. This essential mineral is needed at very small amounts, and too much of it is a bigger concern than too little. High levels cause diarrhea and interfere with copper metabolism. Spell correctly complete name.
molybdenum
12.Diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia are signs of a deficiency of this nutrient.
niacin
27-30. Match the metabolic problem. Each answer can only be used once, one answer will not be used. 30. Will occur in a cat fed more calories than needed
obesity
17.After 6 months of her meat diet, Fifi probably has elevated concentrations of this hormone. Give full name. Answer is two words.
parathyroid hormone
32. This form of phosphorus is found in plant seeds and is not very available to swine and poultry. (7 letters; ends in "ate")
phytate
8. After absorption, a compound in carrots is converted to this fat-soluble vitamin that is important for night vision? (please give the scientific name of the alcohol form of this vitamin, 7 letters)
retinol
18.After 6 months, she likely will show signs of this disease, which is characterized by deformed long bones. Use common name.
rickets
2. T F A pig will eat more when the effective ambient temperature is below its thermoneutral zone because its energy requirement is greater.
true
3. T F The disadvantage of eating "fast food" fast is that it is usually energy-dense and often high in processed starches and sugars and you eat a lot of calories quickly before the liver and chemical feedback systems tell you to stop eating.
true
4. T F A dog likely will have a higher rate of gluconeogenesis when fed a diet of all bones and raw flesh than when fed a typical dogfood that is high in starch.
true
4. T F Glutamine is one of the four amino acids preferentially used by gut tissues as a fuel source.
true
5. T F Protein quality is more important for a horse than for a cow because microbial protein, which has a great AA profile, makes up about half of the protein absorbed in the small intestine of a cow.
true
6. T F If a cell has no functional electron transport chain, it must oxidize glucose to obtain its ATP.
true
6. T F Taurine is required in cat diets, but, unlike other amino acids, it is not used as a building block in protein synthesis.
true
7. T F The protein of rumen microbes has a good AA balance and a higher biological value than most plant proteins.
true
8. T F Animals can synthesize most fatty acids from glucose, although several steps are required.
true
9. T F 10 kg of lean muscle tissue stores about the same amount (within 20%) of energy as 1 kg of fat tissue.
true protein is less energy dense and is accompanied by water
35. Microscopic projections in the small intestine of a pig that increase absorptive surface area.
villi
