ANSC 3010 Quizzes

Which of the following is not a volatile fatty acid that can provide energy to ruminants? a. lactic acid b. butyric acid c. propionic acid d. acetic acid

a. lactic acid

Since consumers prefer dark yellow egg yolks and yellow chicken skin, xanthophylls are often fed in poultry diets. Which of the following would not be a source of xanthophylls? a. milo (sorghum grain) b. corn c. marigold petal meal d. pumpkin

a. milo (sorghum grain)

Cool season grass often infected with endophyte fungus that produces ergot alkaloids. May cause problems in cattle.

fescue

__ is the most important protein supplement for livestock feeding in US (and many other countries)

soybean meal

The two polysaccharides found in plants in the highest concentrations are:

starch and cellulose

Fine grinding of grain in swine diets can result in ___

stomach ulcers

The only hormone-like product permitted as feed additive in U.S is ___

Melengesterol acetate

Ionophores which aid in the prevention of coccidiosis and also improve gain and feed efficiency in calves are ____

Monensin and lasalocid

These methods are becoming more common and are replacing the CF procedure because they more accurately define the carbohydrate components associated with plant materials

NDF and ADF

%_______ = 100 - %(water+CP+EE+ash+CF)

NFE

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Proximate Analysis? a. acid detergent fiber b. crude fiber c. ether extract d. crude protein

a. acid detergent fiber

This "first feed" provides the calf with a. all of the above b. energy c. antibodies d. protein

a. all of the above

Which of the following is a source of rumen undegradable protein that can be used in ruminant diets? a. fish meal b. soybean meal c. canola meal d. cottonseed meal

a. fish meal

Inorganic minerals are estimated by the ____ value, which is determined by burning a feed sample at a temperature of 350°C to 600°C until nothing is left but metallic oxides or contaminants such as rocks and soil

ash

A processing method in which ingredients are first ground and mixed, then cooked with moist heat to a high temperature. The resulting mash is then pushed through a die to shape it, and starch molecules explode into nugget shape.

extrusion

T/F Feed additives are nutrients that can be beneficial to the health and metabolism of animals.

false

T/F Microbial crude protein meets 100% of the tissue amino acid requirements for milk production in high producing dairy cows, so no RUP (rumen undegradable protein) is needed in their diets.

false

True or False: Calves should be eating plenty of hay by the time they are 3 weeks old.

false

Repartitioning agents repartition nutrients from ______ to ________ synthesis

fat to protein

Cottonseed meal contains a toxin that remains in the meal after oil extraction. What is this toxin?

gossypol

While yellow egg yolks are desirable, be careful with the cottonseed meal. If fed in too high amounts, too much could cause green egg yolks. What is the compound in cottonseed meal that will cause this?

gossypol

Forage that has been stored at 15% moisture or less

hay

In feeding swine, we must pay particular attention to one macromineral because it binds to phytase. Which mineral is this?

phosphorus

Phytic acid is a compound found in soybeans that interferes with the absorption of which 2 minerals?

phosphorus and zinc

Short polymers of fructose, mannose & galactose that may modify gut microbes and stimulate the intestinal immune system by keeping pathogenic bacteria from binding to intestinal mucosa

prebiotics

Feed addtives that may benefit the host animal by improving its gastrointestinal microbial balance and are often called a "Natural alternative to antibiotics"

probiotics

Ionophores are commonly used feed additives in beef and dairy cattle diets. We discussed many benefits of ionophores! In the rumen, ionophores favor the production of which volatile fatty acid?

propionic acid

The type of feed a calf eats is important for rumen papillae development because of the production of which volatile fatty acids?

propionic acid butyric acid

Paylean and Optaflexx are beta adrenergic agonists that are legal for finishing swine and beef cattle, respectively. What is the actual repartitioning agent in these products?

ractopamine

A type of grazing management system in which pastures are divided into smaller paddocks and animals are only allowed access to one paddock at a time

rotational grazing

Cool season grass grown extensively throughout Louisiana as forage crop and is widely used for beef and dairy cattle.

ryegrass

Forage preserved by anaerobic fermentation in a silo.

silage

Which of the following is a commonly used buffer in dairy cattle diets?

sodium bicarbonate

___ is an Anti-nutritive factor contained in raw soybeans, and therefore they must be heated to destroy this.

trypsin inhibitor

What is the most common source of non-protein nitrogen for ruminants?

urea

Because avian species lack the full complement of enzymes for completing the urea cycle, excess nitrogen is excreted as ___

uric acid

___ is known as the "queen of the forages"

alfalfa

Paylean is a ___

beta adrenergic agonist

Intake of which feed is most important for stimulating rumen development in the calf?

calf starter

When is fat commonly added to the diets of dairy cattle?

early lactation and during heat stress

Deprivation of ____ for 12 - 36 hr has the most adverse effects on young poultry & egg production.

water

Major pasture legume in North America, Europe, New Zealand, parts of Australia and South America; quite resistant to grazing pressure.

white clover

Red and yellow carotenoid pigments used in the poultry industry as pigmentation agents for eggs, skin and shanks.

xanthophylls

A direct fed microbial that consists of a live culture of a fungi and the media on which it was grown and dried

yeast culture

Zilmax is also a beta agonist used in beef cattle. It was a topic of controversy a few years ago, and Tyson and Cargill would not accept cattle that were fed Zilmax. What is the repartitioning agent in Zilmax?

zilpaterol hydrochloride

There's a "rule of thumb" we use to determine when we can wean the calf. This rule states that the calf should be consuming at least ____ pounds of calf starter per day for 3 consecutive days.

1.5 pounds

A feedstuff contains 2% Nitrogen. What is its percent crude protein?

12.50 N x 6.25

A late lactation cow should have a ration with what % CP?

15 to 16%

At what age are are young pigs typically weaned?

18-21 days

As a "rule of thumb", a feed additive should return a minimum of _____ dollars or more for each dollar invested.

2

The ideal body condition score for a dairy cow at drying off should be:

3.5-4

Energy requirement for broilers is ___

3200 kcal/kg

T/F Least cost diet formulation always ensures the highest quality ingredients for livestock.

False

T/F Energy is one of the classes of nutrients.

False

What do the initials GRAS stand for?

Generally Recognized as Safe

Reaction between free amino group of side chain of lysine with a reducing sugar and forms brown, undigestible polymers. This reaction may reduce protein and amino acid bioavailability

Maillard

___ = sum of digestible energy yielding constituents

TDN

T/F It important to not include a high level of soybean meal in Phase I nursery pig diets because they do not digest plant based protein very well at this age.

True

T/F Ionophores are antibiotics, but a VFD statement not necessary when using them in animal feed.

True

True or False: Split sex feeding is important because gilts are leaner and more efficient than barrows.

True

Which fat soluble vitamin is synthesized in the rumen?

Vitamin K

Which of the following grains would be best for use in pellets? a. wheat b. milo c. rice d. corn

a. wheat

What part of the ruminant stomach functions as the true stomach and produces HCl?

abomasum

Which fiber component is most closely related to digestibility?

acid detergent fiber

Some protein sources can be treated to make them less degradable in the rumen. Which of the following is a method of protecting feed proteins from excessive rumen degradation? a. coating with fat b. All of these can protect the feed protein from excessive rumen degradation c. heat treatment d. treatment with tannins

b. All of these can protect the feed protein from excessive rumen degradation

Which part of the chicken's GI tract functions as the true stomach and produces HCl? a. all of these function together as the stomach b. proventriculus c. gizzard d. crop

b. proventriculus

Non starch polysaccharides in feeds such as barley and wheat can cause problems in poultry, including poor growth, sticky droppings, and footpad dermatitis. Which enzyme can be added to the diet to prevent these problems? a. phytase b. lipase c. xylanase d. phytase and xylanase in combination would be most effective

c. xylanase

Corn is the major cereal grain fed to pigs and poultry. However, other cereal grains may be used. Which cereal grain contains β-glucans and may cause digestibility problems?

barley

Warm season grass and is the most extensively produced hay crop in the South

bermuda grass

Polaxalene is added to feed to prevent ___

bloat

_____ is a condition that can be caused by feeding alfalfa or clover because of the rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and soluble proteins that can form stable foams.

bloat

In selecting a milk replacer for young calves, which of the following are the best sources of fat and protein? a. Doesn't matter, all are the same b. Hydrogenated fats and soy isolates c. Animal fats (lard, tallow, grease), skim milk, and whey d. Liquid vegetable oils and wheat flour

c. Animal fats (lard, tallow, grease), skim milk, and whey

Which of the following is a pellet binder used in livestock feeds? a. zeolite b. Strawberry flavor c. Bentonite d. Ethoxyquin

c. Bentonite

Dr. Williams decides to see if Chic Fil-A chicken nuggets in dairy cow diets will improve milk production. What type of assessment method is she using if she is measuring nugget intake and pounds of milk produced? a. chemical analysis b. digestion trial c. feeding trial d. balance trial

c. feeding trial

Which of the following is not considered to be a macromineral? a. phosphorus b. potassium c. iodine d. calcium

c. iodine

Which of the following can be used to make egg yolks a nice dark yellow to orange color to increase consumer acceptance and possibly for pasta making in Italy? a. ionophores b. pasta c. marigold petal meal d. none of these can change egg yolk color

c. marigold petal meal

On average, 60 to 70% of commercial poultry diets consists of which type of feedstuff?

cereal grains

Ionophores can prevent this disease, caused by protozoa, that affects calves? (DW did research with this!)

coccidosis

First and most important feed given to newborn calf is

colostrum

Type of grazing management system in which a pasture is stocked with animals at all times.

continuous grazing

Which mineral may be added in high concentrations to poultry diets to increase growth rates but may be toxic to ruminants?

copper

Which 2 minerals are added to swine diets at levels above requirements as growth promotants?

copper and zinc

___ is estimated by a procedure called the Kjeldahl method

crude protein

The ___ content of a feed is obtained by using an Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter

energy

Which of the following is used as a marker in animal nutrition trials to aid in determining digestibility? a. cobalt b. Ytterbium c. chromic oxide d. all of these can be used as markers

d. all of these can be used as markers

Several protein sources for pigs were discussed in class. One by product feed mentioned is high in fiber, and too much in the diet can lead to soft carcasses due to its high content of saturated fat. Which protein source is this?

distillers grains

Which mineral is always deficient in baby pigs and therefore they have to be given injections of this mineral?

iron

Fats are routinely added to poultry diets. To which type of poultry are minimal amounts of fat added to their diets?

layers

As a grass or legume matures, the ____ content increases, reducing digestibility (the answer is a component of the plant cell wall)

lignin

If a specific amino acid required to synthesize a protein is not available, the protein cannot be synthesized. This is referred to as the ____ amino acid.

limiting

Two essential fatty acids required by animals are

linoleic and linolenic

In swine diets, which amino acid is usually the first limiting, and all other amino acids are given as ratios to this amino acid?

lysine

___ is a protein feed derived from slaughterhouse waste, is high in collagen, and is of concern because of "mad cow" disease.

meat meal

Ionophores decrease the production of which gas?

methane

What is the most limiting amino acid for poultry fed corn/SBM diets?

methionine

___ is the first limiting amino acid in grain legumes

methionine

In the lactation cycle of the dairy cow, after calving which peaks first?

milk production

One of the ionophores discussed in class is approved for calves and heifers, while another ionophore discussed in class is approved for lactating dairy cows as well as young cattle. Which ionophore is approved for both lactating and non-lactating dairy cattle?

monensin (Rumensin)

In early lactation, cows can't eat enough to meet their nutrient needs for production. We typically say that these cows are in ___

negative energy balance