ANT-1

Archaeologists prefer not partnering with local communities or working with modern descendants of the past people whose lives are being studied.

(could be wrong) True

Which of the following developed a theory of evolution by natural selection?

A.R. Wallace

According to the film about Charles Darwin and your readings, which of the following is a good example of how natural selection works in a particular environmental context?

All of the above

Archaeologists can use which of the following research materials?

All of the above

Archaeologists today may draw upon microscopic evidence such as:

All of the above

Oral histories can be critical for anthropological study because:

All of the above

One of the first people credited with trying to estimate the true age of the earth was:

Archbishop James Ussher

A biological anthropologist who uses her osteological expertise to analyze the skeletal materials found at an archaeological dig in France is practicing what type of anthropology?

Bioarchaeology

The system of biological classification, taxonomy, that is used by biologists even today was devised by:

Carolus Linnaeus

The idea that species were fixed, but became extinct due to sudden, violent events and were replaced by neighboring species is called:

Catastrophism

Physical Anthropologists became interested in human change over time (i.e. evolution) with the publication of:

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species

If an archaeologist does collaborative work with people who are living descendants of the historical group being studied, the research is known as:

Community-Based Archaeology

Charles Darwin's development of natural selection was influenced by the writings of the economist Thomas Malthus, who noted that:

Competition for resources is what keeps population levels to manageable levels in the wild

Which scientist was most associated with the concept of catastrophism?

Cuvier

Charles Darwin's beloved wife was named:

Emma

Zhang Quian was a military official who travelled through China into the far western areas of Asia. Based on his observations,

Emperor Wu created diplomatic relationships with the western countries that allowed the introduction of many new cultural ideas into China.

The opposite of "Fixity of Species" is:

Evolution

"Use-Disuse" Theory continues to be utilized by modern physical anthropologists to understand how evolution happens.

False

As demonstrated in the film on Charles Darwin, understanding the mechanisms of natural selection has made it easy for researchers to pinpoint exactly how to eradicate HIV virus in human hosts.

False

Charles Darwin published his theory of natural selection immediately after returning from his voyage around the world in 1836.

False

Charles Darwin was such a busy scientist that he did not have much time for his wife and children.

False

Charles Darwin was the first scholar to study other peoples of the world.

False

Mary Anning enjoyed great fame during her lifetime after she helped Charles Darwin with his finch-breeding experiments and proved that natural selection worked.

False

The field of anthropology is very narrow in its focus, and has only two subfields.

False

Under Buffon's guidance, Cuvier became not only a leading expert on fossils and extinction events, but he also became the first natural historian to argue for evolution.

False

The idea that organisms never change is called:

Fixity of Species

A family reports to the police that their dog has brought home a leg bone that appears to be human. The police also believe this bone is human, and that the person must have died within the last year. To find out vital information about the person this bone came from, the police will consult a/n:

Forensic Anthropologist

Written records and archival information are critical for which field of archaeology?

Historical Archaeology

The Greek word "anthropos" means:

Human

An anthropologist must fully inform study participants about the nature, procedures, and possible impacts of a project before getting them to agree to participate. This formal agreement process is referred to as:

Informed Consent

The first natural historian to attempt to explain the evolutionary process and how the environment affects individuals during this process was:

Lamarck, when discussing changing lengths of giraffes' necks over time.

The field of anthropology that studies human language and communication is called:

Linguistic Anthropology

From skeletal remains, the forensic anthropologist cannot establish which of the following?

Marital Status

A physical anthropologist who studies bones exclusively is called a/n:

Osteologist

A researcher is studying the nutritional ecology of howler monkeys in Panama. Her area of expertise is:

Primatology

Those individuals who produce more offspring relative to other individuals in the population are said to have greater:

Reproductive Success

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Scientific knowledge is usually gained through a series of small steps rather than through giant leaps.

If an archaeologist is using "strata" to establish the time order of materials buried at a site, the chronology is based on the law of _____________, which states that those items closer to the surface must be more recent than those that are buried deeper in the layers.

Superposition

Those material remains that are in lower stratigraphic layers are older, and those that are higher are more recent. This is based on the principle of:

Superposition

The study of the process of decomposition and transformation, possibly into a fossil, that happens after an animal dies, is called:

Taphonomy

A body builder and his wife work out every day to build large muscles. They expect their male offspring to be born muscle-bound. Their belief resembles:

The Use-Disuse Theory

Which of the following is NOT a statement that Charles Darwin would have made?

The environment selects which traits are beneficial.

Uniformitarianism refers to the concept that:

The geological processes at work today are the same as those at work in the past, and that these slowly and gradually change the earth's structures.

A set of hypotheses that has been repeatedly tested and not rejected is referred to as a:

Theory

Which of the following ideas of Charles Lyell contributed to Charles Darwin's thinking?

There is an immense geological time scale, much longer than what was ever previously acknowledged.

What happened to the peppered moth population in England?

There was a shift in body color from light to dark in this population.

In the film example utilizing the HIV virus, viral-inhibiting drugs are essentially doing what in the body?

They are altering how natural selection of the virus works within the environment of the human body.

"Ethnography" refers to both the process of research and the actual written accounts of that research.

True

A "prehistoric archaeologist" conducts research through the use of written records.

True

A coprolite is an example of an "organic" artifact because it gives of evidence of organic elements such as the foods that the individual was eating.

True

A.R. Wallace was a naturalist whose work in South America and Southeast Asia had led him to conclusions on evolution similar to that of Charles Darwin.

True

Anthropology research is often performed in a multidisciplinary fashion in order to do a more thorough job, as well as to help eliminate bias.

True

Anthropometry would be considered an "applied" field of anthropology because it has practical applications.

True

Archaeologists love garbage dumps because they allow us to find the concentrated remains of household waste and everyday living.

True

Archbishop James Ussher's proposed earth creation date became widely accepted and became the standard for many generations of researchers.

True

Biologists today do a lot of data-collecting in the field versus killing all of their specimens to take back to the lab and study later, as Charles Darwin had to do while on his voyage around the world.

True

Dendrochronology is a type of absolute dating based on analysis of tree rings.

True

Fossilization does not occur is the soil is too acidic or the environmental conditions are not correct.

True

It is common for anthropologists working in another country to include host country colleagues in their research planning, requests for funding, and in dissemination or publication of the research results.

True

Muhammad Ibn Battuta (Ibn Babbuta) was a Muslim scholar from Morocco who travelled the Islamic world for 30 years, studying the customs and traditions of the peoples who lived there.

True

Participant Observation is the key method in anthropology because it allows researchers a chance to get a deep understanding of a culture from an insider's perspective.

True

Physical anthropologists are interested only in the study of biological systems.

True

Prehistoric societies are those for which no written records have been found, or no writing systems have been deciphered.

True

Remote sensing techniques allow archaelogists to locate sites on the ground without having to dig and potentially destroy importance evidence of the past.

True

Scholarly Peer Review, as described in your online textbook, is a necessary part of anthropological ethics.

True

The "culture gene" transmits culture from generation to generation.

True

The field that examines evidence of disease and trauma in earlier populations is paleopathology.

True

The applied branch of archaeology that evaluates sites threatened with destruction by development is:

cultural resource management.

In excavating a site, archaeologists and/or paleoanthropologists,

dig up the entire site to prevent the possibility of future vandalism.

Anthropology arose as a field of study:

in the late 1800's.

Palynology is useful in the study of human antiquity because:

information concerning ancient plant communities and, indirectly, the local climate.

The analysis of stratigraphy can be used in dating because:

soil layers can provide a relative chronological sequence.

Archaeologists

study earlier human groups using cultural remains as their evidence.

The initial step of the scientific method is:

the formation of a hypothesis.

Charles Darwin:

was reluctant to publish his theories.