ANT 160 7-12

A paradigm is new data that is not easily explained within traditional scientific thought.

False

For many Yanomamo, hunting has replaced fishing as a main subsistence activity.

False

For the Ojibwa, the world experienced through dreaming is one of fantasy and unreality.

False

Wellness is defined the same way cross-culturally.

False

What did Thomas Kuhn suggest?

Ideally work within paradigms creates new knowledge in a smooth, linear, progressive manner

Unilineal descent groups are the primary political groups found in _________.

chiefdoms

What is the name of human behavior that involves the purchase and public display of goods known to be costly and unnecessary for basic survival?

conspicuous consumption

When ideas and practices of one culture are imposed upon other cultures, they are often modified as a result. What is this process called?

cultural imperialism

Which theory argues that poverty and underdevelopment are a consequence of capitalist colonial intervention in otherwise thriving independent societies?

dependency theory

Late 19th Century theories in anthropology were influenced strongly by what scientific idea?

evolution

The intensifying flow of capital, goods, people, images and ideas around the world is known as what?

globalization

Illness is caused by what type of spirit among the Yanamamo?

hekura

Since the end of the Cold War, and the advent of terrorism with 9/11, America has struggled to identify who its enemies are. What is another name for this inability to identify the enemy?

identity politics

In the Kula ring, the kula allows men to increase their status. What else does the exchange of the kula expeditions allow to occur?

islanders trade their own surplus goods for needed items

Redistribution may work as a mode of exchange because

it shrinks the gap between the rich and the poor.

Slash-and-burn or shifting cultivation is also called extensive agriculture because

it uses an extensive amount of land

The four principle types of political organization include all of the following except __________.

kingdom

What is the name of the oldest male member of the suku who is head of the family and responsible for the welfare of his sister's children?

mamak

What is the name for a family that consists of a woman and her children?

nonconjugal

In Wallerstein's world systems theory, what is the name for countries whose main contributions to capitalism are raw materials for industries and expanding markets for manufactured goods?

periphery

The term ___________ refers to the ways in which power relationships affect human social affairs.

politics

What type of descent system do we practice in the United States?

bilateral descent

Persistent social problems in the Appalachian region of the United States involve a range of social factors such as underemployment, a lack of regular access to medical care, poor nutrition, and poor housing. Medical anthropologists would classify resulting poor health outcomes from these factors as a

biology of poverty

A practice in which a groom must work for the family for a predetermined length of time before they marry is known as:

bride service

The seasonal movement of pastoralists and their herds from one grazing location to another is called ________.

transhumance

The Yanamamo are horticulturalists who live in villages in small groups, are generally egalitarian with no ranked hierarchy. What level of sociopolitical organization are they?

tribe

"Which school of anthropological theory argued that human cultures, over time, can move from less evolved to more highly evolved stages?"

unilineal cultural evolutionism

When you exchange gifts with friends and family at Christmas or Hannukah or throughout the year on birthdays, what mode of exchange are you practicing?

balanced reciprocity

Traditionally, how were the Ojibwa organized?

bands

Which type of political organization is typical among societies composed of small nomadic groups?

bands

Which of the following theorists is best associated with the idea that culture can be explained in terms of the relationship among those that control the means of production and the rest of society?

Karl Marx

Which of these foods is most important in the lives of Trobriand Islanders?

NOT: all of the above are equally important

What is a lineage?

NOT: all the relatives, related through males or females, of one person or group of siblings.

Which of the following is a primary means by which the Ju/'hoansi maintain egalitarian power relationships among band members?

NOT: appeasing gangwasi

In Ojibwa society, the Midewiwin is an example of what?

NOT: biomedicine

The American culture is known as a melting pot of cultures, and as such has borrowed many ideas from other cultures. This borrowing of ideas and practices that often results in a replacement of traditional ideas and practices, is known as what?

NOT: cultural hybridization

"For British social anthropologists, what was the most important aspect of humans to study?"

NOT: culture

"During the mid to late 20th Century, what anthropological concept was developed to help explain how individuals can share culture with others, but also use that knowledge to change culture?"

NOT: historical materialism

How is the value of the mwali armbands and bagi necklaces that circulate in kula exchange measured?

NOT: in the number of yams that can be exchanged for them

Human choices can sometimes result in changes in selective pressures that are harmful to human populations overall. For example, rates of transmission and mortality resulting from smallpox increase dramatically in highly populated areas. This negative effect on humans as a result of changes in selective pressures is an example of

Not: trauma probably maladaption

Bifurcation distinguishes the mother's side of the family from the father's side.

True

Diffusion was the anthropological theory that culture traits only developed in one or a small number of cultures and then were passed from society to society.

True

Formalist economic theories assume that humans, by nature, want to acquire as many material possessions as possible.

True

Historical particularism was a theory that argued that cultural diversity had to be documented and explained before cross-cultural comparisons could be made.

True

Hxaro exchange can serve as a means of dispelling conflict among co-residential camp members.

True

In Marx's model, the mode of production refers generally to the way the production of material goods in a society is carried out.

True

Matrilineality plays a role in the popularity of merantau, as men feel constricted because they have to support two households while only partially belonging in each.

True

Procedural law describes the was in which those accused of breaking laws are to be treated.

True

When cultural heterogeneity becomes more complex in societies that have experienced recent immigration, a situation is produced known as multiculturalism.

True

If you have different names for relatives who are related to you on the basis of marriage as opposed to blood relations, what are you distinguishing your relationship on?

affinity

Feuding is a type of conflict that can develop into a self-perpetuating cycle of violence. Which of the following are techniques for diffusing the hostilities between feuding parties?

all of the above

In what ways has Ju/'hoansi life changed since the 1960s?

all of the above

Marriage does which of the following:

all of the above

Mid-20th Century anthropological theories addressed which of the following topics

all of the above

One way that matrilineages are different from patrilineages is:

all of the above.

When a Trobriand Islander dies, his/her family participates in what type of mourning?

ritualized crying

Socioeconomic classes and castes are features of what kind of political organization?

states

The outcome of the way that political and economic processes structure risk differently for different subgroups within a population is known as what?

structural violence

What is the term used by medical anthropologists to refer to the forms of physical, mental, or emotional distress experienced by individuals who may or may not believe in a biomedical understanding of disease?

suffering

A formal description of some part of the world that explains, in terms of cause and effect, how that part of the world works is a ___________.

theory