ANTH 103 Ch. 20

Which statement best describes how incest can be defined differently in different societies?

Although sex and marriage are restricted among close relatives in all societies, the definition of close relative varies cross-culturally.

Which of the following statements about romantic love and its role in marriage are true?

Cross-culturally, romantic love is a common reason for marriage. Industrial societies believe marriage is a matter of individuals rather than groups.

In general, what happens as the value of lobola increases?

Divorce becomes less frequent.

Which of the following statements about incest are true?

It is socially constructed. It refers to sexual contact with a relative. Cultures define incest differently because they define kinship differently.

Which of the following is true about online dating?

It is still more common to seek mates offline than online.

How is marriage's scope political in nonindustrial societies?

It is the basis of alliances.

Which of the following statements about marriage outside industrial societies is true?

Marriage is often more of a relationship between groups than between individuals.

Which explanation for restrictions on incest and rules of exogamy is widely accepted by cultural anthropologists?

Rules forcing people to mate and marry outside their kin groups create new social and political alliances and keep a group from being too isolated. Incest and excessive inbreeding u

Which of the following are true about same-sex marriage?

Such unions, of various sorts, have been recognized in many different historical and cultural settings. The Nuer of South Sudan allowed a woman to take a wife. Various societies in West Africa allowed prominent market women to take a wife.

Which of the following statements about polygyny are true?

The custom of men marrying later than women promotes polygyny. Even in cultures where polygyny is encouraged, most men are monogamous.

Which of the following statements best defines polygyny?

a marriage in which there is more than one wife

Which of the following is the definition of marriage in Notes and Queries on Anthropology?

a union between a man and a woman such that the children born to the woman are recognized as legitimate offspring of both partners

The property or savings that a woman brings to a marriage is referred to as ______. Such a marital gift from the bride's family may function like a trust fund to support her, or it may compensate the groom's family for what they perceive to be an added responsibility.

dowry

A transfer of wealth, usually from parents to their daughter or to her husband and his family, at the time of her marriage, is called a

dowry.

In the U.S., people are often encouraged to marry someone from their own religious group. People may also be encouraged to marry someone of their same social class. These practices illustrate

endogamy.

Rules that restrict sex and marriage among close relatives and force marriage to outsiders are example of ______ rules.

exogamic

Marriage patterns that require individuals to find spouses outside the boundaries of their own group are called rules of

exogamy.

When a father says to his son, "You can no longer see your cousin Lana. You're spending too much time with her; it's not healthy. I want you to go to college and meet some new young women. Maybe you'll find someone new who is interested in you," he is conveying the idea that the son must marry outside of the family, which is the concept of

exogamy.

What is the primary reason most people in Western societies marry?

for love

What is the name of the practice in which a woman marries a group of brothers?

fraternal polyandry

Endogamy means marrying

inside a certain group.

Subcastes in the caste system are known by which term?

jati

In the United States, continuing a decades-long trend,

just half of all adults were married in 2015, down from 70% in 1950.

Symbolically important goods transferred from the family of the groom to the family of the bride in exchange for the bride's labor and childbearing capacity are called ______.

lobola

The name ______, which designates a kind of marital gift, comes from a patrilineal society in Mozambique. It usually consists of cattle and is presented by the husband and his kin to the family of the bride.

lobola

Sometimes, when same-sex marriage is allowed, one of the partners is of the same biological sex as the spouse but is considered to belong to a different, socially constructed gender. Which of the following is an example of this?

marriage between a Native American man and a "Two-Spirit"

Marriages that involve more than two people are known as which type of marriage?

plural

Which types of marriage practices present problems for the definition of marriage offered in Notes and Queries on Anthropology?

plural marriages and same-sex marriages

The type of marriage called ______ is rare and is mainly restricted to Tibet, Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka in areas where men are required to travel often for commercial trade and military activities. This type of marriage ensures there will be at least one husband at home to do what is considered "men's work."

polyandry

What is the name of the practice in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time?

polyandry

A form of marriage in which a woman may have multiple husbands is called

polyandry.

Among ancient Inca rulers in Peru, brother-sister marriage was required. This practice is referred to as

royal endogamy.

In societies in which the rulers were considered sacred or divine, those rulers were often forbidden from marrying anyone who was not also sacred or divine. It was not uncommon in such cases for brothers or sisters to marry or for cousins to marry. Such practices are called

royal endogamy.

Polygyny

serves a political purpose in some cultures.

In which kinds of societies is divorce less common?

societies with "replacement marriages" such as the levirate and sororate

Holly, living among a traditional group of Inuit people in northern Canada, is told a story about an unfortunate man whose young wife died. The man's family insisted that he marry the deceased wife's older sister. Because he married the older sister, there was no need to return the marital gifts that his family had received from his wife's family and the alliance between their two families remained strong. What is the name for this marriage custom?

sororate

In the Indian caste system, the castes are called

varna.

The sororate is a marriage custom in which a

widower is expected to marry the sister or another close relative of his dead wife.

Which of the following best describes the factors in the United States related to its high divorce rate?

women's economic independence; less stringent religious disapproval of divorce

According to studies, who benefits especially from online dating?

young Americans (aged 18-24 years) who appreciate the convenience of mobile dating apps older people, who are more likely than younger ones to use online dating to find a partner