ANTH 2201 Chapter 2 practice

The following would be considered an archaeological cache:

a cluster of thirty stone blades placed in a pit

The calibration curve has resulted from:

a comparison of radiocarbon and dendrochronology dates

Thermoluminescence is:

a dating technique that can be applied to ceramics

C3 plants, notably trees, tend to have:

a lower (^13)C signal than C4 plants

Which of the following is an archaeological site:

a small ancient hunting camp with just a handful of artifacts, an abandoned 19th century rural village, an ancient city covering hundreds of acres

Archaeological sites can be discovered through:

a surface walkover or "pedestrian survey", the use of remote sensing technology, test pitting

An artifact is best defined as:

anything made and used by a human or human ancestor

Stone chopping tools, arrowheads, bits of pottery, and bronze daggers are all examples of:

artifacts

Which of the following materials can be dated with radiocarbon dating:

bone

The term osteology refers to the study of:

bones

In determining the age at death of a sub-adult (child or juvenile) based on skeletal remains, the archaeologist should make reference to:

dental maturity and epiphyseal fusion

The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius:

destroyed Pompeii but also served to preserve its buildings

The ancient city of Pompeii was:

destroyed by a volcano eruption in 79 A.D.

Reference to epiphyseal fusion in a human skeleton can be used to:

determine the age of death of an individual

Carbon isotope analysis is useful in reconstructing the general makeup of ancient plant communities because:

different families of plants follow different photosynthesis pathways

The bones of a butchered mastodon, charred nuts found in an ancient fireplace, and sunflower seeds recovered from a prehistoric trash dump are all examples of:

ecofacts

Palynology makes a significant contribution to the reconstruction of ancient:

environments

Together, the animal bones found at an archaeological site represent what is called the:

faunal assemblage

Pedestrian survey, remote sensing, and subsurface sampling all contribute to the process by which archaeologists:

find sites

Analysis of wear patterns on stone tools is useful in determining:

how the artifacts were used

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon is called a:

hypothesis

The radiocarbon dating of stone tools is:

impossible

Accelerator mass spectrometry's major contribution to archaeology rests in the fact that:

it requires a much smaller sample than traditional radiocarbon dating procedures

Sexual dimorphism refers to the characteristic in some animal species that:

males and females are readily distinguishable in their morphology

Archaeologist Phil Weigand has traced the geographic sources for turquoise artifacts found in Mexico through which analytical technique:

neutron activation analysis

A dating technique based on the thickness of a chemically altered layer on the surface of tools made of volcanic glass is:

obsidian hydration

The master sequence results from:

overlapping ring sequences of living trees and successively older dead trees

Analysis of the health status of an ancient individual and the analysis of markers of disease, malnutrition, and trauma is called:

paleopathology

A dominant scientific perspective or intellectual framework is called a:

paradigm

Archaeological material that was disposed of in the place it was made or used is called:

primary refuse

If you were to see a couple of inconsiderate people simply abandoning the remains of their picnic lunch on the lawn in front of the campus building in which your archaeology course is being held, you might ask them to pick up their:

primary refuse

Jarrod Burks and Robert Cook were able to identify and map a largely buried and hidden earthwork in Ohio through the application of:

proton magnetometry

Eletron spin resonance and thermo- and optical luminescence are all dating techniques based on the process of:

radiation damage

Carbon dating and potassium/argon dating are dating techniques based of the process of:

radioactive decay

Proton magnetometry, ground penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity, and microgravimetric survey are all varieties of:

remote sensing

Archaeological material that was moved from its place of manufacture or use to a separate disposal area is called:

secondary refuse

The modern trash dump represents which kind of deposit:

secondary refuse

In approaching the past through "a convergence of evidence," we are confident in our conclusions because:

separate and independent data converge on the same conclusion

Archaeologists can distinguish the bones of male and female human beings because our species exhibits:

sexual dimorphism

A place where the material remains of human activity are found is called a:

site

the half-life of radiocarbon of radiocarbon restricts the use of this dating technique to:

sites younger than 50,000 years

Buried archaeological sites are exposed by:

systematic subsurface testing, erosion, remote sensing

The study of how objects become part of the paleontological and archaeological records is called:

taphonomy

The ratio of two isotopes of oxygen in the shells of marine micro-organisms is useful in determining worlwide:

temperature

Once a hypothesis has been suggested, the scientist should:

test it

Archaeologist Phil Weigand has shown that the raw material for many of the turquoise artifacts found in Mexico was obtained from:

the American Southwest and California

Potassium/argon dating is useful in dating the most ancient sites of human ancestors because:

the half-life of radioactive potassium is 1.3 billion years

Human teeth are useful in determining the age at which an individual died because:

the teeth erupt in a known sequence at more or less fixed points in an individual's life

Site formation processes represent:

the ways in which archaeological sites come into existence

Phytoliths are useful in identifying the plants used by ancient people because:

they are durable, they are abundant, the are species-specific

Absolute dates are:

those that allow us to apply an age or range of years to an archaeological specimen

CT and MRI scans can be used in archaeology and paleoanthropology:

to diagnose disease and injury in preserved ancient human bodies

In tracing the possible source of raw materials used by ancient people, archaeologists often rely on:

trace element analysis

Neutron activation analysis is one technique used in:

trace element analysis

X-ray fluorescence is one technique used in:

trace element analysis

Dendrochronolgy is also called:

tree-ring dating

A determination of the ratio of two isotopes of strontium in human bones is useful in determining:

where a person lived during the decade before they died

A determination of the ratio of two isotopes of strontium in human teeth is useful in determining:

where a person was born and spent their early years