Anthro 001 Chp 10
Identify whether the following statements apply to refugees, internally displaced persons, or both.
(left circle) 25.9 milliom people worldwide dorced to move beyond national broders (middle circle) forced to move due to persecution, armed conflict, or disasters (right circle) foced to move within country of origin 40 million people worldwide
Identify the correct dates for when the following countries declared independence.
(left to right) US, Haiti, Brazil, most of Spain's colonies in South America
Immanuel Wallerstein proposed a modern world-systems model in which nations are organized into three categories: core, semiperiphery, and periphery. Identify the countries that serve primarily as sources of raw materials and cheap labor.
(the section that includes africa & south America)
Karl Marx's analysis of the nineteenth-century economy identified two types of people: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Identify the characteristics of each group.
Proletariat own their labor working class Bourgeoisie capitalist class own means of production
Push and pull factors shape migration patterns around the world as migrants are forced to leave their home countries and choose to settle in certain countries. Identify the following examples as either push factors or pull factors.
Push Factor war famine Pull Factor better opportunities health-care access
Anthropologist Bruce Whitehouse studied migration patterns within Africa. He focused on the particular experience of Malian migrants, from a town he calls Togotala, who move to Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, where they are able to find work. Identify the reasons he gives for why Malian migrants still maintain a strong connection with their faraway hometown.
Reason Malian Migrants Stay Connected to Their Hometowns Malian migrants send back remittances to the community. Malian migrants are excluded from many aspects of life in Brazzaville. Not a Reason Malian Migrants Stay Connected to Their Hometowns Malian migrants are only legally allowed to stay in Brazzaville for a specific period of time. Malian migrants try to convince their families to move to Brazzaville with them.
Identify the reasons opponents of neoliberal policies give for their rejection of this philosophy
Reason Why Opponents Dislike Neoliberal Philosophy Neoliberalism fails to avert and alleviate economic crises. Neoliberalism promotes uneven development. Not a Reason Why Opponents Dislike Neoliberal Philosophy Neoliberalism does not have enough supporters worldwide to be effective. Neoliberalism does not support structural adjustment loans.
Identify the reasons opponents of neoliberal policies give for their rejection of this philosophy.
Reason Why Opponents Dislike Neoliberal Philosophy Neoliberalism promotes uneven development. Neoliberalism fails to avert and alleviate economic crises. Not a Reason Why Opponents Dislike Neoliberal Philosophy Neoliberalism does not support structural adjustment loans. Neoliberalism does not have enough supporters worldwide to be effective.
In Worked to the Bone: Race, Class, Power, and Privilege in Kentucky (2001), anthropologist Pem Davidson Buck analyzes the experiences of poor whites in Kentucky. She describes a phenomenon she calls "sweat that trickles up" where the surplus value of these workers' labor benefits the elite. Identify the social factors shaping the experiences of poor whites in Kentucky.
Social Factor Shaping Experiences of Poor Whites in Kentucky the arrival of immigrant groups like Jews, Catholics, and the Irish the construction of race through slavery, sharecropping, and Jim Crow legislation Not a Social Factor Shaping Experiences of Poor Whites in Kentucky the increase in welfare dependency in poor whites the lack of motivation and poor work ethic of poor whites
In the late 1960s and 1970s, corporate strategies turned away from Fordism and toward the flexible accumulation model. Identify which of the following strategies are used in the flexible accumulation model and which are used in the Fordism model.
Strategies of Flexible Accumulation offshoring outsourcing Strategies of Fordism higher wages and shorter hours social compact between labor, corporations, and government
Neoliberalism has emerged as a guiding economic philosophy since the 1970s and has been promoted by large, worldwide institutions since the 1980s. Identify the actions that a neoliberal worldview supports.
Supported by Neoliberal Worldview decrease in government spending privatization of public services and assets Not Supported by Neoliberal Worldview increase in taxes and tariffs estabish of more trade regulations
Identify the correct definition of economy.
a cultural adaptation that enables a group of humans to use land, resources, and labor to satisfy their needs
Since the earliest food production around 11,000 years ago, nonindustrial societies have used various strategies for growing food. Match each food production strategy to its definition.
a strategy for food production involving the herding and domestication of animals pastoralism the cultivation of plants for subsistence through nonintensive use of land and labor horticulture an intensive farming strategy for food production involving permanently cultivated land agriculture
Over time, humans slowly shifted their strategies for obtaining and growing food. Place the events in the history of food production techniques in chronological order.
all humans survived using food foraging techniques plant cultivation, gardening, and animal herding developed Industrial agriculture was developed
Place the events of early European and Asian trade in chronological order.
chinese traders established strong trade routes around the world Europeans wanted access to Chinese commodities China demanded silver and gold as payment from European countries European countries plundered the americas for gold
Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas was the first to usher in a new era of global economic trade.
false
In Cochabamba, Bolivia, the informal economy is a small but important sector of the overall economy.
false
Identify the main reason that anthropologists Judith Goode and Jeff Maskovsky argue is at the root of contemporary poverty in the United States.
globalization
The triangle trade emerged in the 1500s between the continents of Africa, the Americas, and Europe, and drastically changed the economic, political, and social activity of all the regions involved. Place the people or goods traded on the corresponding triangle trade route.
green line - furs blue line - sugar red line - slaves
Industrial agriculture and horticulture both involve the cultivation of plants, but they are quite different from one another. Match the technology with the food production strategy that relies on it.
industrial agriculture tractors and combines horticulture sticks and hoes
After World War II, the ___ theory predicted that with the end of colonialism, less-developed countries would modernize to become industrial countries. When, by the 1960s, less-developed countries were still struggling, scholars introduced the ___ theory. This theory suggests that global economic relations are more or less the same as they were during colonialism.
modernization, dependency
Match the technique to the type of food production strategy that employs the technique.
pastoralism herding animals horticulture slash and burn agriculture agriculture use of machinery
The immigrant experience is different for each person, depending on why they leave their country, why they choose to settle in their new country, and what types of qualifications they have that enable them to succeed in their new homes. Scholars often place immigrants into four different categories to help analyze these different experiences. Match the type of immigrants to the correct description.
persons who move in search of a low-skill and low-wage job labor immigrants persons who have been forced to move beyond their national borders because of political or religious persecution, armed conflict, or disaster refugees highly trained individuals who move to fill economic niches in a middle-class profession professional immigrants persons who move to conduct trade and establish a business entrepreneurial immigrants
In his research of the French education system, Pierre Bourdieu noted a phenomenon he identified as ___, whereby social and class relations of prestige are passed from one generation to the next. Key to this phenomenon is ___, which is the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from family that individuals can use to gain access to valuable resources in society.
social reproduction, cultural captial
Reciprocity refers to the exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal social status. Match each type of reciprocity with the correct example.
taking a friend to the airport generalized reciprocity paying for a round of coworkers' drinks balanced reciprocity mortgage lenders offering loans with above-market interest rates and fees negative reciprocity
Max Weber argued that class stratification doesn't just happen. Identify the most important way that the state influences class stratification.
the state perpetuates class stratification through its exercise of power
The global price for cocoa is relatively high, but most of Côte d'Ivoire's farmers receive little return for their work. Who receives most of the profit from cocoa?
transnational agricultural corporations
Identify the event that created the conditions for the collapse of colonialism and the success of national independence movements worldwide.
world war II
The success of national independence movements grew after ___. Colonizers could no longer sustain their colonial enterprises, especially in the face of organized resistance movements. Between 1945 and 1991, more than ___ former colonies gained their independence.
world war II, one hundred
The exchange of goods and services is one of the central components to a working culture. Match the three main types of exchange to their definitions.
Accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern. redistribution the exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status, which strengthens human bonds reciprocity the use of symbolic markers of value, such as money, to mediate exchanges market exchange
Economists Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes contributed key yet opposing viewpoints on the ideal situation for capitalism to flourish. Identify whether the statements below apply to Smith's ideas or to Keynes's ideas.
Applies to Adam Smith's Ideas Capitalism works best when government is not involved. This philosophy inspired the neoliberal economic worldview. Applies to John Maynard Keynes's Ideas Capitalism works best when government takes a moderating role. This philosophy has been applied and used to rebuild various decimated economies in the twentieth century.
Identify the phrases that apply to income and those that apply to wealth.
Applies to Income the middle range of which is $47,111-$77,552 what people earn from work, plus dividends and interest on investments, along with rents and royalties Applies to Wealth is distributed more unevenly the total value of what someone owns, minus any debt
Identify each phrase as describing either the bourgeoisie or the proletariat.
Bourgeoisie own the means of production possess the financial capital needed to make things Proletariat sell their labor in return for wages do not possess the financial capital needed to build workshops or factories
Bridges for immigration are one factor in the complex decision-making process that people go through when migrating to a new place. Identify the examples of bridges for immigration.
Bridges for Immigration family networks human smugglers Not Bridges for Immigration ethnic conflict higher-education opportunities
In the 1980s and 1990s, global institutions promoted structural adjustment loans as key to stabilizing local economies. Identify the conditions that local governments had to comply with in order to receive structural adjustment loans.
Condition Local Governments Had to Comply With reduce taxes, tariffs, and most government intervention in the economy privatize publicly owned utilities and transportation systems Not a Condition Local Governments Had to Comply With increase spending in health, education, and social services increase subsidies on essential commodities like food and oil
Modernization theories projected a certain trajectory for nonindustrialized nations once they gained their independence from their previous colonial rulers. Identify the shifts that modernization theories predicted would occur.
Correct Answer(s) agriculture to industry lower standards of living to higher standards of living poverty to wealth Incorrect Answer(s) capital accumulation to subsistence lifestyles
Modernization theories projected a certain trajectory for nonindustrialized nations once they gained their independence from their previous colonial rulers. Identify the shifts that modernization theories predicted would occur.
Correct Answer(s) poverty to wealth agriculture to industry lower standards of living to higher standards of living Incorrect Answer(s) capital accumulation to subsistence lifestyles
Identify examples of leveling mechanisms in the United States.
Example of a Leveling Mechanism use of taxpayer money to repair roads and bridges use of taxpayer money to pay for the military use of taxpayer money to pay for public schools Not an Example of a Leveling Mechanism use of taxpayer money for political gains
In Cochabamba, Bolivia, thousands of vendors gather at the Cancha market to sell their wares, struggling to get by on the meager income their sales produce. Identify the characteristics of the different types of vendors in the Cancha market.
Fijos sell from legal stalls in the market's pavilion have the opportunity for upward mobility Ambulantes harassed by the police sell illegally from the streets
Identify each person in Cochabamba, Bolivia as working in the formal economy, or the informal economy.
Formal Economy Hernando rents a narrow stall in the central pavilion, and sells fruits and vegetables Juanita is a police officer who monitors the pavilion for illegal sales Informal Economy Lola sells bananas to tourists from a cart attached to her bicycle Anneli sells trinkets to tourists from a portable cart, hoping to win their business away from the stall merchants
Carrying capacity refers to the number of people who can be supported by the resources of the surrounding region. Identify whether the following adaptive strategies have high or low carrying capacities.
High Carrying Capacity industrial agriculture Low Carrying Capacity pastoralism food foraging horticulture
Match each distribution pattern with the scenario that best fits it.
A person goes to a store and pays cash for a laptop computer. market exchange Two college students negotiate until they swap a sweatshirt and a winter hat. barter A chief collects blankets from all tribe members, and stores them to be used at a gifting ceremony. redistribution An aunt gives an expensive birthday gift to her niece, and months later, the niece gives her aunt a homemade necklace. reciprocity
Identify the effects of agriculture on human society.
Effect of Agriculture on Human Society increased trade production of surplus food Not an Effect of Agriculture on Human Society more egalitarian society more mobile lifestyle
Identify the author of the Communist Manifesto and its purpose.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote this pamphlet to urge workers to unite and change their class position
