ANTHRO 1001 Exam 3 - Reading Q's
Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by: A - Political and subsistence patterns B - Environments C - Population size D - Their beliefs about their own origins
A
Which term describes how modern capitalist interests continue to pressure poor nations through economic, political, or military means? A - Neocolonialism B - Marxism C - Colonialism D - Capital accumulation
A
Martin Gilens found that when poor people and rich people disagree on an issue, government policy nearly always supports which portion of the population? A - those who protest B - the wealthy C - the most educated D - those in poverty
B
What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters? A - tribes B - bands C - nomads D - villages
B
Which term refers to large-scale movement caused by warfare, institutional violence, or the search for better opportunities? A - cultural hybridity B - diaspora C - transnationalism D - brain drain migration
B
Which term refers to the movement of people from rural to urban areas for education, employment, and other opportunities? A - globalization B - internal migration C - transnationalism D - external migration
B
As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do? A - work as peasants on small plots of land owned by the state B - figure out new ways to store surplus C - take on more important roles in government D - own more land in order to grow more crops
A
New archaeological evidence suggests that the Americas were first settled by whom? A - A pre-Clovis culture B - Phoenicians C - Neanderthals D - the Aztecs
A
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that the language you speak influences how you do what? A - think about reality B - relate to others C - show creative expression D - do mathematics
A
What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture? A - gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them B - nomads experimenting with the growing of hybrid plants C - pastoralists using a plough to prepare the soil for replanting a pasture D - horticulturalists practicing slash-and-burn techniques
A
What does it mean when a person is described as having both power and agency? A - A person has control, authority, or influence as well as the capability to act on decisions. B - A person in a leadership role successfully appeals to different portions of the population. C - A person in a leadership position is also associated with an institution of power. D - A person has the ability to collaborate with other agencies of power to form one centralized power.
A
What is a ghost marriage? A - a marriage performed between one or two deceased individuals B - a form of arranged marriage C - a marriage between two widowed individuals D - a marriage ceremony that is performed in secret
A
What is the name for the use of irrigation systems, a plough, and continuous cultivation of the same plots? A - intensive agriculture B - extensive horticulture C - surplus agriculture D - slash and burn
A
What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals? A - pastoralism B - seasonal migration C - plant cultivation D - gathering and hunting
A
What movement represents the largest diaspora in history, with some 18 million people no longer living in their country of origin? A - Indian diaspora B - African diaspora C - Irish diaspora D - Jewish diaspora
A
Which description BEST defines heteronormativity? A - the view that heterosexuality is the most "natural" form of sexuality B - the cultural elevation of qualities and abilities associated with men over those associated with women C - a cultural recognition of multiple definitions of sexuality D - a social norm that condemns sexual relationships outside of marriage
A
Which farming method would generate the greatest yield and support the largest population? A - intensive agriculture B - extensive horticulture C - shifting cultivation D - slash and burn
A
Which kinship structure highlights the nuclear family? A - lineal kinship B - bifurcate merging kinship C - descent kinship D - generational kinship
A
Which of the following BEST describes the primary focus of political anthropologists? A - the role of history and the dynamic relationships of a culture B - the classification of modes of subsistence C - the role of evolutionary social theory D - the classification of societies by stages
A
Which of the following describes the cultural practice of sororate? A - a remarriage rule requiring that when a married woman dies, the deceased wife's lineage must provide a replacement wife B - a form of polygyny in which a man marries multiple sisters C - a cultural law that forbids women who are widowed from remarrying
A
Which of the following is NOT a typical outcome of forced migration? A - increase in economic wealth B - loss of homeland C - loss of cultural identity D - increase in health problems
A
Which statement does NOT describe European colonialism in Africa? A - Africans were encouraged to start import-export trade and their own factories. B - Europeans asserted authoritarian and militaristic power over African populations. C - Africans became forced labor on colonial projects like mining and building roads. D - Europeans imposed power over existing African political systems.
A
Which statement is NOT supported by recent findings of feminist researchers? A - Meat obtained by male hunters was the primary source of calories for members of preagricultural cultures. B - The gendered division of labor in gathering-hunting societies is flexible. C - Gathering contributes far more to the diets of contemporary gathering-hunting societies than hunting does. D - Early hominids were omnivorous, eating a wide variety of foods.
A
Which of the following is an example of a fictive kinship? A - the practice of godparenthood B - a child who is adopted into a family C - a brother and a sister who live in different households D - relationships to one's mother-in-law and father-in-law
A
What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products? A - herding B - farming C - animal domestication D - horticulture
C
Which of the following BEST defines meritocracy? A - the claim that inequity can only be understood through the lens of race B - the idea that racism is endemic and enshrined in law and social institutions C - the idea that people succeed based entirely on their own effort and abilities D - an ideal society in which individuals are blind to race and ethnicity
C
French philosopher Michel Foucault used which term to describe how people engage in risky public speech in order to speak truth about power? A - protest B - profanity C - comedy D - parrhesia
D
Which description BEST defines immigrants? A - individuals who move seasonally in search of work or due to local challenges B - populations who are forced to leave their country C - enslaved individuals forced to relocate against their will D - individuals who move permanently from one country to another
D
Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization? A - the moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper labor B - markets expanding beyond the location where products are manufactured C - the economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s D - the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories
D
Which statement is NOT true of the approach Native American cultures typically took to variant genders? A - Variant-gender individuals often had specialized work roles. B - Variant-gender individuals often became healers and spiritual leaders. C - The category of "two-spirit" people referred to people with both male and female spirits. D - Variant-gender individuals were considered homosexual.
D
The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what? A - intensive agriculture B - extensive horticulture C - intensive irrigation D - potlatches
B
What area of study looks at the ways in which political and economic systems reinforce or contradict one another over time? A - political ideology B - political economy C - social evolution D - biopower
B
What is meant by the phrase "closed corporate community"? A - the internal migration of young, educated people between urban and rural areas B - communities largely detached from urban centers and less prone to cultural change C - postcolonial corporations that operate solely within a single nation D - groups of peasants who work as farmers to support those living within their own community
B
What is the name for the time period from the 18th to the 20th century during which institutions of European political control were standardized, particularly in Africa? A - communism B - classic colonialism C - neocolonialism D - enslavement
B
What mode of subsistence have humans practiced for most of their evolutionary history? A - industrialism B - gathering-hunting C - plant cultivation D - pastoralism
B
What percentage of the world's languages are in danger of dying out in the next hundred years? A - 20% B - 40% C - 50% D - 75%
B
What phenomena entails the wealthiest and most educated members of postcolonial societies leaving their homelands and relocating to the former colonizing nation? A - pluralism B - brain drain migration C - marginalization D - creolization
B
What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living? A - modernity B - mode of subsistence C - gathering and hunting D - agriculture
B
What term describes organized action by a group outside of the government to create social change? A - postcolonialism B - social movements C - coercive power D - authority
B
What term refers to people sharing things with no regard to value or compensation? A - markets B - generalized reciprocity C - potlatch D - redistribution
B
What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus? A - coercive power B - persuasive power C - political power D - positions of authority
B
Which occupational area employs the greatest number of immigrants to the United States? A - technology and computer science B - agriculture and meatpacking C - doctors and nurses D - K-12 educators and college professors
B
Which of the following BEST describes a fragile state? A - a tribal community that lacks a centralized institution of power B - a state that can no longer adequately perform the functions of a state C - a leader who is on the verge of losing power D - a state that has lost its military force
B
Which of the following BEST describes a paradigm? A - religious ideologies that explore ultimate questions of meaning B - worldviews that define the thinking of a specific time period C - a system of thought that normalizes social inequality D - political ideologies that encourage social change
B
Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes? A - focuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various cultures B - assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world C - creates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian D - relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processes
B
Which statement about communication is false? A - It can be voluntary or involuntary, simple or complex. B - It is synonymous with the term language. C - It is practiced by animals as well as humans. D - It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver.
B
Which statement is true regarding the role of kinship in solving problems in everyday life? A - In large societies with high populations, kinship often plays no role. B - In smaller societies with low populations, kinship plays a significant role. C - Kinship plays a larger role in larger societies than in smaller societies. D - In smaller societies with high populations, kinship plays a minor role.
B
British historian Basil Davidson has argued that African societies such as the Asante and Zulu were proto-states, which means what? A - states that are declining in power B - states without a leader C - states in formation at the time of European colonization D - preagricultural societies
C
Sexual dimorphism is defined as which of the following? A - romantic relationships involving more than two individuals B - cultures that hold individuals to strict gender-based norms C - the exhibition of different characteristics by males and females of the same species D - gender systems that recognize only two identities: male and female
C
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares which of the following regarding refugees? A - Refugee camps have the right to receive international aid for as long as is needed. B - Refugees do not have the right to migrate unless they have dual citizenship. C - Refugees have an international legal right to seek asylum. D - Refugees must obtain permission to leave their native nation before seeking residence elsewhere.
C
What is meant by the term gender essentialism? A - the hypothesis that gender roles are universal and consistent across cultures B - the idea that gender-based traits are deep and consequential C - laws that legalize the domination of one gender over another D - the degree to which genders are or are not valued equally by a culture
C
What is the earliest hominin species to show an increasing control over their environment and to migrate into new geographical regions? A - Neanderthals B - Homo sapiens C - Homo erectus D - Australopithecus afarensis
C
What occurs when a social movement changes the structure of the political system, whether through peaceful or violent action? A - political organizing B - reform C - revolution D - protest movement
C
What system of social inequality is based on an individual's circumstances of birth and there is no opportunity to move out of a social group? A - Class system B - Meritocracy C - Caste system D - Social hierarchy
C
What term did Elman Service use for a type of acephalous society that relies on extended family structures for leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution? A - gathering and hunting bands B - village democracy C - tribal societies D - royal lineage
C
Which area of linguistics focuses on the social contexts in which language is acquired? A - linguistic relativity B - language acquisition C - language socialization D - linguistic universals
C
Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)? A - the transition from an egalitarian society to a rigid social hierarchy B - the cultural changes associated with the rise of the industrial age in the 19th century C - societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence D - the transition from a gathering and hunting to a farming mode of subsistence
C
Which description BEST defines gender? A - sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality B - erotic thoughts, desires, and practices and the sociocultural identities associated with them C - cultural roles associated with the biological categories of male and female D - biological categories of male, female, and intersex
C
Which of the following BEST defines systemic oppression? A - the failure to create a strong plan for attaining a specific goal B - oppression perpetrated by individuals in positions of leadership C - the normalization of political, economic, and social inequalities in a society D - the intentional mistreatment of certain people by hostile groups or individuals
C
Which of the following BEST describes French philosopher Michel Foucault's concept of biopower? A - the power held by insurance and pharmaceutical corporations B - the power of biological threats in a population, such as pandemic disease C - the power of the state to regulate the bodies of citizens D - the power of the state over health care companies
C
Which of the following BEST describes the way gender is presented in Chapter 12? A - a means of assigning roles and obligations that is remarkably similar across human cultures B - an imagined identity not recognized by certain cultures under certain circumstances C - a powerful sociocultural construct embedded in social practices and institutions D - an outdated idea about human difference that has been replaced with contemporary understandings regarding individual differences Done
C
Which of the following does not describe a sociocultural construction? A - rules pertaining to individuals being assigned to racial categories B - norms relating to the roles of women C - the genetic relatedness of family members D - rules defining kinship relationships and obligations
C
Which of the following is NOT a likely research area for a sociobiologist? A - the role of hunting and gathering lifestyles in shaping gender roles B - differences in aggression levels between men and women C - the degree to which there is gender equity in terms of pay and title in contemporary corporations D - how pregnancy and nursing infants influenced women's tasks and obligations in preindustrial societies
C
Which of the following is NOT an example of an extended family? A - Three generations of grandparents, parents, and children living together. B - A polygamous family with multiple spouses and children living together. C - A married couple living with their two children. D - A person living with their aunt and uncle while enrolled in university.
C
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of chiefdoms? A - use of coercive power to force people to carry out commands B - religious ideology as a legitimization of power C - reliance on the extended community in making decisions D - major building projects
C
Which term refers to a hierarchical organization of different groups of people based on traits such as race, socioeconomic status, religion, or gender? A - neoliberalism B - structural inequalities C - social stratification D - symbolic violence
C
Which term refers to socialized prejudice against women and feminism? A - Objectification B - Patriarchy C - Misogyny D - Intersectionality
C
Which term reflects the concept that all languages have some things in common? A - linguistic relativity B - adaptive mimicry C - linguistic universals D - folk taxonomies
C
How does capital accumulation contribute to social inequality? A - It is exclusively passed down to the next generation of the original investor. B - Cost of living adjustments are built into salaries of those who have capital accumulation. C - Wages are not equal for similar work. D - It is invested to increase its value rather than being circulated in the wider economy.
D
Research suggests that what percentage of differences in skill levels is related to gender? A - 100% B - 30% C - 75% D - 5%
D
What economic model prioritizes privatization of public services? A - Marxism B - Neocolonialism C - Structural violence D - Neoliberalism
D
What is the estimated number of enslaved Africans believed to have been transported to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century? A - 200,000 B - 700,000 C - 3-8 million D - 10-12 million
D
What is the name for using several plots of land in various stages of fallow and cultivation? A - transhumanism B - seminomadism C - intensive agriculture D - shifting cultivation
D
What subfield of linguistics examines the social context of language? A - neurolinguistics B - protolinguistics C - symbolic linguistics D - sociolinguistics
D
What term refers to a form of herding in which people live in small seasonal camps as they move with their animals? A - horticulturalists B - gathering and hunting C - foraging D - nomadism
D
Which description BEST defines sexual orientation? A - cultural roles associated with the biological categories of male and female B - biological categories of male, female, and intersex C - erotic thoughts, desires, and practices and the sociocultural identities associated with them D - sociocultural identities associated with specific forms of sexuality
D
Which term refers to a social organization in which certain people have more power or prestige than others? A - an egalitarian society B - an ideology C - a division of labor D - a social hierarchy
D
Which term refers to the exchange of ideas and artifacts between cultures as a result of migration or globalization? A - transnationalism B - diaspora C - marginalization D - cultural hybridity
D
Which theory views social inequality as a struggle between economic classes? A - Functionalism B - Critical Race Theory C - Hegemony D - Conflict Theory
D
What term describes an exploitative relationship in which one state has political dominance over another? A - colonialism B - creolization C - transnationalism D - capitalism
A
What term refers to a cultural group without an official leader? A - acephalous B - Precolonial C - lineage order D - tribal
A
