Anthro chapter 4 test 2
The major goal of "development" is
All of the above
Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?
All of the above (finances, communication, migration)
Localization is the flip side of globalization.
True
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige
A multi-sited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would be most likely to conduct fieldwork
all of the above
Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?
colonial history
Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?
comparative
According to anthropologists, __________ is the contemporary widening of scale of cross-cultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas
globalization
Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?
it explains why conflict is growing in the world
The research that anthropologist Richard Rouse has done on the effects of migration on the Mexican village of Aguililla is interesting because
it highlights how Aguilillans are part of a transnational community
A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except
it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology
A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are
learning important lessons about life in America
Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication
mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called
migrants
world culture
norms and values that extend across national boundaries
People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is __________.
on their own terms
development anthropology
the application of anthropological knowledge and research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects
Localization
the creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based, identities and communities
Postcolonialism
the field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism
A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is
the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within
Cultural differences are often caused by
the isolation of communities
Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?
the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be
If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, they would probably emphasize
the overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors
A key feature of financial globalization is
the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade
An anthropologist studying localization would be most interested in what topic?
the rise of the Zapatista separatist movement in Mexico
In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on
the unexpected social patterns that emerge from intermingling between athletes, fans, and officials
James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists
to expand state power
Many arguments over global integration are about __________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.
winners and losers
People participate in globalization by
Consuming coca cola, watching tv, migrating to distant cities for work
Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.
Diffusionists
Diffusionists
Early twentieth-century Boasian anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.
Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank
False
Globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before.
False
People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion.
False
The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more
False
When people consume the same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same.
False
Cultural __________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.
Imperialism
The creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based, identities and communities is known as __________.
Localization
The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Basques in Europe are examples of
Localization
Immigrants
People who leave their countries with no expectation of ever returning.
refugee
People who migrate because of political oppression or war, usually with legal permission to stay in a different country.
Culture of migration
The cultural attitudes, perceptions, and symbolic values that shape decision-making processes around, and experiences of, migration
anthropology of development
The field of study within anthropology concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or, alternatively, the negative impacts of development projects.
cultural imperialism
The promotion of one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, like the spread of technology and material culture.
Often, anthropologists use the term "__________" rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people.
Transnational
Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.
True
The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies
True
World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?
a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism
Development anthropologists often think of themselves as
advocates of poor and marginalized people
World systems theory helped anthropologists
all of the above
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories from one country to another
Cultural __________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections.
diversity
__________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries
exiles
A synonym for hybridization is
syncretism, friction, creolization
Globalization
the widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries
Exiles
people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries
Migrants
people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries
transnational
relationships that extend beyond nation-state boundaries without assuming they cover the whole world
push-pull factors
The social, economic, and political factors that "push" people to migrate from their homes and that "pull" them to host countries.
World Systems Theory
The theory that capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and a global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant "core" and a dependent "periphery."
A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects
True
The theory that as a result of global capitalist expansion, the world is divided between a dominant "core" and a dependent "periphery" is
World Systems Theory
Hybridization
persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction or end-point
A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity