ANTHROP 2201 Final Exam Review Chapters 11-12

_______, or beer made from ______ , was an important part of Inka life. The plant used in making the substance was _____ to the region.

Chicha maize not native

The sites of Stonehenge and Durrington Walls exist within the same cultural landscape. Identify the characteristics of Durrington Walls.

Durrington Walls was a site of communal feasting. Durrington Walls may have housed the constructors of Stonehenge.

Sumerian royal burials indicate the practice of feasting. Identify the characteristics of feasting.

Feasting can be identified through faunal remains. Feasting was a display of power and wealth. Feasting helped mobilize groups for certain tasks.

Identify the reasons why the Inka Empire used the khipu system.

Khipu enabled the easy notation of resources. Khipu enabled Inka rulers to communicate across their large empire. Khipu enabled the Inka Empire to communicate with many different cultures.

The Inka used the khipu system to communicate throughout the empire. Identify the characteristics of khipu.

Khipu were knots made from cotton and wool. Khipu contained information numerical and statistical governmental information. Khipu could only be read by certain individuals.

Which statements characterize the lives of pyramid laborers?

Laborers lived with their families close to the pyramids. Laborers did hard physical labor for many years.

Which regions, if any, contributed culturally to the single, unified Egyptian state?

Mediterranean sub-Saharan

Queen Pu'abi was buried in one of the Sumerian Royal Tombs of Ur. Identify the characteristics of Queen Pu'abi's tomb.

Queen Pu'abi's tomb contains evidence of feasting. Queen Pu'abi was buried alongside the bodies of many people. Queen Pu'abi was adorned with exotic goods.

Archaeologists have only recently begun to uncover the domestic lives of the Hopewell mound builders. Identify the characteristics of settlements near the Hopewell mounds.

Settlements were built to house short-term laborers. Settlements indicate crop cultivation.

Where in the landscape were ship burials usually placed?

Ship burials were located under mounds, often in strategic locations.

Identify the characteristics of Stonehenge.

Stonehenge is part of a cultural landscape with many other sites. Stonehenge's standing stones consist of multiple types of stone. Stonehenge has been used by many different groups over time.

According to Michael Parker Pearson, which statement best describes Stonehenge's central purpose over time?

Stonehenge's central function as a gathering location has stayed the same over time.

Sutton Hoo is an important archaeological site in England. Identify the statements that describe Sutton Hoo.

Sutton Hoo contained the outline of a buried ship. The man buried at Sutton Hoo was an Anglo-Saxon king. Sutton Hoo dates to the seventh century CE.

In what region of the Americas did the Inka Empire exist?

The Andes

In the nineteenth century, sixteen shaft tombs were discovered in the ancient Sumerian city of Ur, which is shown on this map. Sir Leonard Woolley, the archaeologist who excavated the tombs, dubbed the area the "Death Pit." Identify the characteristics of Ur's "Death Pit."

The Death Pit contains the remains of royal servants who were sacrificed. The Death Pit contains the remains of oxen and funerary carts. The Death Pit is associated with Sumerian elites.

During which time period did the Sumerians create the Royal Tombs at Ur?

The Early Dynastic Period

Identify the characteristics of the Hopewell Mounds.

The Hopewell mounds were used as burials. The Hopewell mounds contained materials from distant places. The Hopewell mounds were often reused.

Identify the characteristics of the Inka Empire.

The Inka Empire reached its height during the 15th century CE. The Inka Empire practiced ritual sacrifice.

What do the Royal Tombs at Ur tell us about Sumerian society?

The Sumerians had far-reaching trade routes. Sumerian society was ruled by a wealthy elite.

Identify the characteristics of the burials at Stonehenge.

The first burials were cremations. Many burials were found in association with the Aubrey Holes. Burials began around 3000 BCE.

Why were the pyramids so important to ancient Egyptians?

The pyramids preserved the bodies of the pharaohs. The pyramids represented the unity of the nation.

Which of the following statements correctly describe phyles?

The pyramids were built by phyles. Phyles were organized work gangs in ancient Egypt.

Identify the ways in which the astronomical monuments of the Sahara challenge traditional ideas about monuments.

These monuments were not commissioned by an organizing government or ruler. These monuments were built by mobile communities.

Identify the statements that describe the elite individuals interred in ship burials.

They took measures to ensure that their influence would not be forgotten. They participated in extensive trade networks. They practiced conspicuous consumption.

Egyptians widely supported pyramid construction.

True

Page 26811.4. Outline important interpretations of Stonehenge Archaeologists have divided the cultural landscape including Stonehenge into two realms: that of the living and that of the dead. Identify whether the following sites were part of the domain of the living or part of the domain of the ancestors.

Woodhenge Durrington Walls

From which source do we have the only eyewitness account of a Viking ship burial?

an Islamic ambassador

Stonehenge's purpose has been debated for centuries. Identify the suggested interpretations of Stonehenge.

an astronomical calendar a burial ground a ceremonial gathering place

Identify the techniques and methods that archaeologists use to evidence ancient brewing of beverages, such as chicha.

analysis of archaeobotanical remains residue analysis study of material culture

Archaeologists have suggested that feasting occurred at the site of Durrington Walls in association with ceremonies at Stonehenge. Identify the evidence of feasting at Durrington Walls.

animals consumed came from many miles away meat still left on the bones large deposits of butchered animals

This map shows the Sahara and its surrounding regions. In whichat ways did mobile Neolithic herders of the Sahara use cattle around 10,000 to 6,000 years ago?

as food as ritual as symbolic art

In the fifteenth century CE, the Inka Empire was the largest entity of its kind in South America. Identify the ways in which the Inkas grew their power.

control of maize beer accumulation of surplus goods taxation of local communities

Identify the ways in which chicha was used in the Inka Empire.

display of power connecting with gods and ancestors fostering interpersonal communication

In which ways did the average Egyptian benefit from pyramid construction?

economically socially politically

Which of the following factors allowed the rulers of ancient Egypt to create massive projects, such as the pyramids?

large unified territory food surplus

Who were celebrated and honored in the feasts, ceremonies, and burials that took place in the Stonehenge cultural landscape?

men, women, and children

Based on the archaeological evidence, identify the purposes that archaeologists have suggested for the Hopewell mounds.

ritual centers gathering places burial sites

Viking and Anglo-Saxon ship burials were clear examples of conspicuous consumption in medieval times. Identify the common practices of these burials.

sacrifice of human life burial of elaborate grave goods burning of ship and body

Identify the necessary characteristics of monuments.

shared vision collective labor

Archaeologists know that Neolithic herders of the Egyptian Western Desert built ________ monuments, the positions of which are aligned to ________ and their movements.

stone celestial bodies

During which time period was Stonehenge constructed?

the Neolithic Period

Which of the following activities have threatened the preservation of Stonehenge?

tourism roadworks farming

Identify the term for an ancient burial mound.

tumulus