Anthropology 1000 Ch 09-10
Approximately how many people speak English as a foreign language?
1.5 billion
How many adults worldwide cannot read or write?
775 millions
Which of the following is an Indo-European language?
English
All human languages use the same set of sounds.
False
Dialects cannot technically be distinguished from languages.
False
Self-awareness comes all at once and allows an individual to begin functioning as a member of society.
False
The Aymara Indians celebrate a first laugh ceremony.
False
We do not believe that Neandertal were capable of fully modern speech.
False
English is part of what subgroup of languages?
Germanic
Attitudes toward gender vary cross-culturally.
True
Aymara has more than 200 words for potato.
True
Every culture has distinctive norms for closeness.
True
The development of different languages from a single ancestral language is known as linguistic divergence.
True
The preservation of native languages is essential to the preservation of native cultures.
True
Mental disorders specific to particular ethnic groups are called _______________ (also known as ethnic psychoses).
culture-bound syndromes
People who have ambiguous or mixed male/female genitalia are called _______________.
intersex
The method for notating and analyzing body language is called:
kinesics
The vocal cords are located within the __________.
larynx
The idea that distinctions encoded in one language are unique to that language alone is known as ________________________.
linguistic relativity
The smallest unit of sound that carries a meaning in a language is called a:
morpheme
The smallest unit of sound that carries unattached meaning in a language is called a/an _______________.
morpheme
Individuals who are disturbed because they cannot measure up to their social norms and be happy are termed __________.
neurotic
An individual's cognitive map over time is also called a/an:
personality
The systematic identification and description of the distinctive sounds of a language is called _______________.
phonetics
Programs of language designed to help minority communities reinstate the use of their native languages are called __________.
revitalization (or renewal)
Holy men in India, known as __________, practice devout religious practices including intense meditation and extreme yoga.
sadhus
Enculturation begins with the development of __________.
self-awareness
A sound or gesture that has a natural or self-evident meaning is a _______________.
signal
The study of the relationship between language and society is called:
sociolinguistics
The sounds and gestures of language are classified as:
symbols
A type of speech that can be more effective than shouted talk across greater distances because it occurs at a higher pitch is called __________ speech.
whistled
What is a major conclusion that we can make from the Ju/'hoansi data regarding traditional versus settled lifestyles?
Economy structures childrearing and affects the adult personality.
Why is speech unique to humans?
Great apes do not have the anatomy to speak like humans.
What is the primary value of core value studies?
It allows for the fact that within a single group, not all personalities conform to cultural ideals.
What was the controversy that surrounded Caster Semenya, the South African middle-distance runner?
She competed as a woman and the athletic federation discovered that she had internal male sex organs.
One of the most important sources of self-identity throughout human cultures is:
a personal name
Approximately how many languages exist today?
about 6,000
In the United States, manic depression is now called:
bipolar disease
Among more traditional Navajo Indians, a child receives an ancestral clan name after:
it laughs for the first time
French attempts to purge their language of non-French words are an example of:
linguistic nationalism
The existence of over 200 words for the potato that reflects the potato's many uses in the Aymara language of highland Bolivia and Peru is an example of:
linguistic relativity
Francis Hsu argues that one of the core values of the Chinese is:
mutual dependence
What is an "eyebrow flash"?
rapid eyebrow movement
Among the Khanty in northwestern Siberia, infants not yet named are believed to be:
reincarnated ancestors who can talk to shamans
Which of the following was not an emphasis of the culture and personality movement?
socioeconomic studies
Language is specifically a system of communication composed of:
sounds and gestures
Francis Hsu defines core values as:
specific values promoted by particular cultures
An individual's sense of place in time is termed his/her:
temporal orientation
Tuareg children normally receive names from:
the Koran
What anatomically allows the characteristic human sound of speech?
the lowered position of the larynx and epiglottis