anthropology ch 6&7

vertical clinging and leaping

a characteristic of some lemurs and lorises. they support themselves vertically by grasping onto trunks of trees while their knees and ankles are tightly flexed.

tarsier

are mostly in the islands of southeast Asia. have enormous immobile eyes and can turn their heads 180 degrees. was once thought to be more related to lemurs and lorises but is now in the haplorrhine suborder

brachiation

arm swinging, a form of locomotion used by some primates. it involves handing from a branch and moving by alternately swinging from one arm to the other. practiced by apes and some new world monkeys

old world monkey

(catarrihini) monkeys and apes that display living in trees and on the ground, diurnal, and ischial callosities (bare bottoms)

new world monkey

(platyrrhini) monkeys that display side nostrils, flat noses (hence their name), living in trees, diurnal, and a unique prehensile tail and are only found in middle and south America.

behavior

Anything organisms do that involves action in response to internal or external stimuli; the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment. Such responses may or may not be deliberate, and they aren't necessarily the result of conscious decision making

primates

members of the mammalian order which includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

ecology

pertaining to the relationships between organisms and all aspects of their environment (temperature, predators, vegetation etc.)

anthropoid vs prosimian

the two original suborders of primates: the first being typically bigger, diurnal, social, and less furry contains monkeys, apes, and humans and the second typically being small, nocturnal, solitary, and furry containing lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers

loris

they are on the mainland and are nocturnal to avoid competition with other primates. they are slow quadrepadals. mothers will leave babies to search for food and they are mostly solitary. strepsirhini

arboreal

tree-living; adapted to life in the trees

quadrupedal

using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion; the basic mammalian (and primate) form of locomotion

naked wet rhinarium

the moist hairless pad at the end of the nose seen in most mammalian species and enhances an animals ability to smell.

strepsirhini

the new suborder: contains lemurs and losises and is characterized by being solitary, having tooth combs, having a naked wet nose, postorbital bar, reliance on smell, and a nocturnal lifestyle.

haplorhini

the new suborder: contains tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans. characterized by solid orbit, stereoscopic color vision, large bodies, diurnal, social, large brain, and a long maturation time.

lemur

found only on the island of Madagascar, they range from a body length of 5 inches to 2-3 feet and eat a wide variety of foods. they are in the suborder strepsirhini

ape

generally larger bodies, they have no tail and have larger arms than legs. part of the super family hominoids.

social structure

the composition, size, and sex ratio of a group of animals. The social structure of a species is, in part, the result of natural selection in specific habitat, and it guides individual interactions and social relationships