anthropology ch1 and 2 questions

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

Active resistance

Which of the following is a powerful enculturation tool that teaches us how to be "successful" in consumer culture?

Advertising

20. Anthropologists attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context, as opposed to the context of anthropologist's home culture. This practice is best known as:

Agency

Anthropologists who use anthropological skills and insights in efforts to solve contemporary world problems are know as ________________ anthropologists.

Applied

Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of material artifacts?

Archaeology

_______________ argued that every cultural action is more than the action itself in that it is also a symbol of deeper meaning, which is considered an interpretivist approach in anthropology.

Clifford Geertz (1926-2006)

Commonplace norms, values, beliefs, practices, and institutions that cultivate the desire to acquire consumer goods to enhance one's lifestyle constitute a culture of ...

Consumerism

Bernice spends time each day reading online news reports from several different news agencies around the world. As a result, she becomes aware of multiple ideas and perspectives and incorporates them into her own outlook and actions. This is an example of:

Cosmopolitanism

The export of television shows worldwide and the knowledge of other cultures that is subsequently disseminated to even remote areas of the world are an example of which of the following concepts?

Cosmopolitanism

The advent of computers and deregulation of banking in the 1970s caused which of the following financial tools to burst on the scene in the United States, transforming the financial environment?

Credit cards

Anthropologists who explore all aspects of human culture-from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing-and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on them are known as:

Cultural anthropologists

Which field of anthropology uses participant observation as a research strategy?

Cultural anthropology

An anthropologist's suspension of judgment while attempting to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context is termed:

Cultural relativism

People who make comprehensive studies of languages and their component parts are:

Descriptive linguists

what is defined as the process of learning culture?

Enculturation

In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of:

Ethnocentrism

When anthropologists compare the polygyny of Mormon fundamentalists in Utah to Muslim tradition, which allows a man to have as many as four wives, they are doing what kind of analysis?

Ethnological

cultural anthropologists analyze and compare data on different cultures using the method known as

Ethnology

Which group of scholars generally contends that who we are, how we think and behave, and how we organize our societies are a product of evolution and this are hardwired in our DNA

Evolutionary psychologists

T/F Culture commonly emerges out of the blue and remains fixed over time

False

T/F Humans only learn culture during the period from late infancy through adolescence

False

Walmart's transformation from a "Made in America" company to one with five thousand factories in China is an example of:

Flexible accumulation

It is impossible to study a local community today without considering the effect of:

Global forces

The worldwide intensification of interactions among human beings across national borders is referred to as:

Globalism

Which of the following processes is intensifying the exchange and diffusion of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating more interaction and engagement among cultures?

Globalization

Which of the following is defined as the ability to create consent and agreement within a population by unconsciously shaping what people think is normal, natural, and possible?

Hegemony

Which of the following individuals was among the earliest anthropologists who sought to organize vast quantities of data about the diversity of world cultures that were being accumulated via colonial and missionary enterprises?

Henry Morgan

Who studies how language changes over time

Historic linguists

Franz Boas (1858-1942) rejected unilineal cultural evolution, advocating for which of the following approaches instead?

Historical particularism

In the study of immigration, anthropologists look at physical differences between populations, how the groups involved conceive of themselves and others, what they say about those other groups, and how these groups related to others in the past. This is an example of what aspect of anthropology?

Holism

Three key interrelated effects of globalization on local cultures include a two-way transference of culture through migration, increased cosmopolitanism, and:

Homogenization

Culture is a system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifact, and

Institutions

What do prehistoric archaeologists use to reconstruct human behavior?

Material remains

What kind of anthropologists explore ancient rift valleys and deep caves looking for ancient landforms with fossils of human ancestors to understand human evolution?

Paleoanthropologists

Which field traces the history of human evolution by reconstructing the human fossil record?

Paleoanthropology

What type of anthropologist studies people from a biological perspective as well as how humans have evolved over time?

Physical anthropologist

The field of anthropology that explores genetics and evolution and looks at our closest relatives in the animal kingdom to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be human is known as:

Physical anthropology

According to Max Weber (1864-1920), thrift, modesty, moderation, frugality, and self-denial constitute which of the following?

Protestant ethic

The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristics of what dynamic of contemporary globalism?

Rapid change

Which of the following individuals was a student of Boas and explored the ways in which cultural traits and entire cultures are uniquely patterned and integrated?

Ruth Benedict

Anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1979) is best known for her research regarding the seeming sexual freedom and experimentation of young women in:

Samoa

Which of the following is defined as the anthropological approach that views society as consisting of various parts that fit together with each part having its unique function within the larger structure?

Structural functionalism

Spatial comfort zones, such as standing too close to a member of another culture, are examples of which of the following?

Symbolic actions

What is anthropology?

The study of human diversity

T/F An example of a mental map of reality is the concept of time

True

T/F Humans learn culture throughout their lives

True

T/F Mental maps classify reality and assign meaning to what has been classified

True

T/F Mental maps help us navigate our experience by organizing sensory data

True

T/F Mental maps of reality can be challenged and redrawn

True

What do historic archaeologists have access to that sets them apart from other archaeologists?

Written records

What field on anthropology uses participant observation as a research strategy?

cultural anthropology

______________ is both a definition and a key theoretical framework for anthropologists attempting to understand humans and their interaction

culture

________is both a definition and a key theoretical framework for anthropologists attempting to understand humans and their interactions.

culture

The environmental issues that so concern people like the Marshall Islanders are aggravated by companies taking advantage of lax environmental regulation. What aspect of globalism does this demonstrate?

rapid change

T/F Anthropologists seek to counter ethnocentrism by Objectively, accurately, and sensitively representing the diversity of human life and culture

true

T/F Culture is a shared experience that is Constantly contested, negotiated, and changing

true

T/F Culture is both learned and taught

true

true or false Cultures have always been influenced by the flow of people, ideas, and goods, whether through migration, trade, or invasion

true

what is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?

values

Who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages?

descriptive linguistics

T/F Cultures are only influenced by the flow of goods through trade

false

T/F Cultures are only influenced by the flow of people through invasion

false

T/F Humans genetically inherit culture via natural biological processes

false

T/F Mental maps of reality consist of ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people

false

T/F The flow of people, ideas, and goods by any means is not known to influence culture

false

When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, this is called:

flexible accumulation

What term refers to "the worldwide intensification of interactions and the increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders" (pg19)

globalization