Anthropology- Chapter 9 Sexuality

Mignon Moore's Invisible Families study explores the intersection of race and sexuality in the lives of black gay women in the United States. She found that many middle-class white lesbian couples experience sexuality as the primary framework that shapes their lives. What is the primary framework that black lesbians in the United States describe as most important?

race

earliest to most recent perspective of sexuality in the USA

sex is for procreation only, sex is for please and procreation, sex is only heterosexual (that is the norm)

machismo in Nicaragua

strong, performance of masculinity -contrast between aggression and passiveness

Mati

suriname: women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women

Sexuality

the complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact and cultural arena within which people debate about what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are right, appropriate, and natural.

Identify the key perspectives from which sexuality is defined.

the complex range of desires, beliefs, and behaviors that are related to erotic physical contact, intimacy, and pleasure the cultural arena within which people negotiate the meaning and value of sexual desires and behaviors

Sociologist Chrys Ingraham investigated the intersection of the wedding industry, heterosexuality, and relationships. In this context, identify what she means by the heterosexual imaginary.

the illusion that heterosexual relationships are full of love, purity, and morality.

cultural constructionists

trace the ways cultures limit sexual groups - how enviroment shapes sexual behaviors and desires

sex tourism

travel, usually organized through the tourism sector, to facilitate commercial sexual relations between tourists and local residents in destinations around the world.

The study of sexuality within anthropology has fluctuated throughout the twentieth century. Place the following statements in chronological order.

enthographers began to notice and record the vast scope of human sexuality. anthropologists prioritized kinship, marriage, and family over sexuality anthropologists began to focus on sexuality again, paralleling the trends of the US women's movements

Elite Japanese corporations often organize evenings at hostess clubs for their employees where female hostesses serve drinks, and flirt with and entertain these professionals. Anthropologist Anne Allison analyzed the cultural meaning of these practices. Identify the social practices that occur within Japanese hostess clubs.

expression of male dominance male bonding

The international gay rights movement works to understand local expressions of human sexuality to improve civil rights for all.

false

cochon

feminine Nicaraguan men who have same-sex relations

ʼyan daudu

feminine Nigerian men

Evolutionary physiology and sexuality

focuses on the ways in which human evolution has created biological drives that are embedded in our genes and shape the human brain to control body's hormones

Humans stand out in the animal kingdom for their behavior surrounding sexual activity. Identify the following behaviors as being either distinctively human or behavior typical of most mammals. have sex face to face

humans

Humans stand out in the animal kingdom for their behavior surrounding sexual activity. Identify the following behaviors as being either distinctively human or behavior typical of most mammals. raise kids together

humans

________ refers to the way in which systems of _______ connect to affect individual lives and group experiences.

intersectionality power

Denmark and Sweden are liberal welfare states that are considered sexually progressive. Compare and contrast their policies related to the sexuality of individuals with disabilities. BOTH

The government spends 30 percent of budget on social services.

Sex work is legal in one-third of Mexican states. Identify the characteristics that anthropologist Patty Kelly observed about the lives of sex workers at the Zona Galactica brothel.

They were able to set their own hours and prices. They were more open about sexuality than middle-class women. They were stigmatized by others.

sexual desire is channeled into workplace success -WHERE

Tokyo, Japan

Identify the practices that perpetuate patterns of gender equality

Women work as wage earners but still do most of the domestic work. Women receive unequal pay in the workplace.

Identify the practices that challenge patterns of gender equality

Women work outside the home and achieve economic independence. Women have access to contraception and abortion services.

The "ethnocartography of human sexuality" maps the human spectrum of sexuality. Identify the premises upon which this field of study is built.

a deeper analysis of one's own culture awareness of the broad panorama of human life

animals that have sex for pleasure and not reproduction

dolphins and bonobos

machista

dominant Nicaraguan men who have same-sex relations

Identify the characteristics, behaviors, and actions of Nigerian men known as masu harka, men who have sexual relations with other men.

- can't marry each other because same sex marriage is illegal -many have wives and children. -many have been persecuted and harassed - Many are observant Muslims and have completed the hajj pilgrimage.

Identify the characteristics of "mati work" in Suriname

-Mati have relationships with both men and women. Mati sexuality is flexible and fluid, a notion that doesn't fix with Western ideas about sexuality that are more binary and fixed. -"Mati work" does not prevent women from having children and relationships with men. -"Mati work" refers to the spiritual, sexual, and emotional relationships some women in Suriname have with each other.

Denmark and Sweden are liberal welfare states that are considered sexually progressive. Compare and contrast their policies related to the sexuality of individuals with disabilities. SWEDEN

-The sexuality of individuals with disabilities is repressed.

Denmark and Sweden are liberal welfare states that are considered sexually progressive. Compare and contrast their policies related to the sexuality of individuals with disabilities. DENMARK

-The sexuality of individuals with disabilities is facilitated. -The government sponsors a training course for sexual advisors.

In the United States, diamonds are often associated with ideas about romance and sexuality. At least 80 percent of engagements come with a diamond ring and 90 percent of U.S. women own at least one diamond. Identify the ways in which diamonds obtained such cultural importance in the United States.

Advertising agencies launched elaborate campaigns marketing diamonds in the United States in the twentieth century. U.S. culture imbued diamond rings with deep cultural meaning and value.

Human sexuality is affected by cultural factors as well as biological factors.

Anthropologist

Scholars should look to culture first in attempting to understand human sexuality.

Anthropologist

Human sexuality is embedded into genes.

Evolutionary Psychologist

Human sexuality is heavily influenced by biological drives.

Evolutionary Psychologist

Identify the reasons why relying on genetics to explain human sexuality is problematic.

Genes do not work in isolation from their surroundings. It is very difficult to trace specific genes to specific behaviors.

Sociologist Chrys Ingraham states that weddings are key cultural institutions through which people learn what it means to be heterosexual. Identify how the U.S. wedding industry and culture reinforces heterosexuality as the cultural norm.

Girls and boys learn gendered wedding and pre-wedding behaviors. Movies and TV portray a wedding as a key life moment. The institution of marriage historically made a woman the property of her husband.

Identify the ways in which globalization has influenced local expressions of sexuality.

Globalization can introduce narrower, homogenizing perspectives on local cultural expressions of sexuality. Globalization allows the international movement for gay rights to be applied easily to different cultural settings.

Heterosexuality is the dominant cultural norm in contemporary U.S. culture. Identify the true statements about heterosexuality in the United States.

Heterosexuality is a fairly recent invention. Heterosexuality was originally considered a perversion of the natural order.

Most African countries achieved their independence from colonial powers in the 1960s and 1970s. Identify how colonial influence and ideas about sexuality are intertwined in postcolonial Africa.

Most African governments, as well as their citizens, do not see homosexuality as part of their culture. They view gay rights movements as another instance of Western cultural dominance.

Only men who receive (rather than give) sex from other men are given pejorative labels.

Nicauragua, Central America

masu harka

Nigerian men who have same-sex relations

Mignon Moore's Invisible Families study describes the lives of gay black women in the United States, including how their lives have changed over time. Identify the primary reason why gay black women did not usually marry and have families together before the 1980s.

Openly gay sexuality was believed to challenge notions of respectability that black leaders in the 1980s had developed to combat racist stereotypes.

Globally, sex tourism is a multibillion-dollar industry. Identify the statements that accurately describe sex tourism in the Dominican Republic.

Sex workers and tourists see sex tourism as a way to enact their fantasies. Sex workers are mostly poor black women.

Alfred Kinsey, Shere Hite, and William Masters and Virginia Johnson were trailblazers in the field of sexology. Identify the statements that represent findings from the field of sexology.

Sexuality sometimes changes over the course of a lifetime, sometimes spanning both homosexual and heterosexual activities and interests. Human sexuality does not fit into simplistic categories.

Women may engage in flexible "mati work" with other women.-- WHERE

Suriname, South America

Colonial powers controlled sexual activities in colonized countries through legal action. The Dutch East India Company had strict laws concerning marriage and sexual relations. Identify the individuals that would have been able to receive Dutch legal status in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

children of European men and women born in Dutch colonies

seen as passive and receptive

cochon

would be seen as gay in American society

cocoon and machista

enhance their masculinity through same-gender sexual activity Correct label: seen as active and dominant

machista

enthocatrography of human sexuality

mapping the global scope of diverse human sexual beliefs and behaviors.

Humans stand out in the animal kingdom for their behavior surrounding sexual activity. Identify the following behaviors as being either distinctively human or behavior typical of most mammals. live individually

most mammals

Humans stand out in the animal kingdom for their behavior surrounding sexual activity. Identify the following behaviors as being either distinctively human or behavior typical of most mammals. only have sex when females ovulate

most mammals

chocon- sexual positon?

passive

machista- sexual position?

penetrator

Identify the reason why Columbia University student Emma Sulkowicz carried a mattress around campus for nine months.

protesting the university's refusal to expel her rapist