Anthropology (cox 1003) quiz questions
"Evolution as Fact and Theory" uses all of the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT:
Genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimpanzees
The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by
Lamarck in the late 1700s
Who taught Washoe (an ape) American Sign Language?
Allen and Beatrix Gardener
Studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as
Cultural Relativism
Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?
E. B. Tylor
T or F: Contemporary cultural anthropologists often rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced."
False
Which of the following traits is unique to hominins and NOT found in other primates? Binocular vision Bipedalism Grasping hands Fingernails
NOT A!! i think B
This school of anthropological thought stresses the interrelationship among the natural conditions in the environment and society a. neoevolutionism b. sturculisms c. functionialsm d. interpretive anthropolog
Neoevolutionism
The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is
Renato Rosaldo
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What conclusion did Prime Minister William Gladstone make about how the Greeks saw color? a. They were colorblind b. They simply had different terms to describe what everyone sees c. Their terms were limited to the colors they could manufacture d. Their terms and perception were the same as ours; Homer had simply been mistranslated into English
a
A consequence of larger brain sizes in early humans is that they require larger amounts of energy true false
a
A distinguishing feature of most australopithecines is their high degree of sexual dimorphism true false
a
A distinguishing feature of most australopithecines is their high degree of sexual dimorphism. True False
a
A form of non-portable material culture that a human has made and modified is called a/an____________. a. feature b. geode c. flake d. fossil
a
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", in the United States, individualism is valued highly, so generally parents do not hold their babies as much as other cultures. a. true b. false
a
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT one of the "3 R's" of child rearing in Dutch society? a. Respect b. Rest c. Regularity d. Cleanliness
a
An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as a. the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people b. the importance of Enlightenment ideas in explaining cultural difference c. that more evolved countries shouldn't get involved in the development of other countries d. a useful holistic response to social problems
a
Archaeologists are making a mistake when they clean samples of potsherds for analysis. a. true b. false
a
Becoming Human: The _______________ is a deep furrow in a primate's brain. It divides parts of the brain related to vision from the rest of the neocortex, which is where more complex thought happens. Lunate Sulcas Broca's Area Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum
a
Besides fossilized skeletal remains, what other evidence indicates bipedalism in Australopithecus afarensis? Laetoli Footprints The Lascaux cave paintings The Oldowan Tool Tradition The Mask of La Roche Cotard
a
Bischop James Ussher calculated the age of the earth at about a. 6000 b. 65 million c. 4.5 billion d. 10 billion
a
Cultural anthropologists do research by a. building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time b. gathering data to produce statistical models c. focusing on single dimensions of people's lives d. all of the above
a
Gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations. a. True b. False
a
Males and females in a given primate population may be co-dominant. True False
a
Mutation is the only source of new genetic material. a. True b. False
a
Neanderthals and modern humans share the same genus and species classification (Homo sapien). True False
a
Reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as: a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III d. Phase IV
a
Shaking hands when you meet someone is an example of a a. Folkway b. More c. Taboo d. Material Culture
a
The process of learning culture from a very young age is called a. enculturation b. ethnocentrism c. symbolism d. acculturation
a
The success of simple life forms such as bacteria challenges one of the early ideas about evolution because a. it demonstrates the oversimplification that comes from thinking humans are more highly evolved b. the population of bacteria is far larger than originally thought c. bacteria can pose a serious threat to the existence of other organisms, including humans d. it demonstrates that genetics is at the heart of evolutionary theory
a
What is the tool tradition associated with Homo habilis? Oldowan Levallois Mousterian Acheaulian
a
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on a. parole b. langue c. phonetics d. morphology
a
When children in the United States reach a certain age, they often move out of their parents' home and into their own living space, something anthropologists refer to as dispersal filial separation consanguinial isolation age of consent
a
Which of the following is NOT studied by anthropologists? a. Dinosaur bones b. Primates c. Human culture d. Forensics
a
being able to communicate about things not currently present in space and time is known as a. displacement b. duality of patterning c. productivity d. arbitrariness
a
famous group of hominis known as neanderthals is included in which of the following groups? a. arachic homo sapiens b. anatomically modern homo spaiens c. australopithecus d. homo erectus
a
gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations a. true b. false
a
most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake a. true b. false
a
which project would likely require the assistance of a geomorphologist? a. study of a landscape change b. study of community response to an eviornmental c. study of how people water in lakes d. study of how volcanoes forced migration patterns to change
a
Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish
a more specific age for a fossil or something organic
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
a pidgin language
According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of
a summarizing symbol
"why isn't the sky blue" : what color term (after black and white) appears first and most often in ancient literature? a. blue b. red c. purple d. green
b
A primary characteristic that allows paleoanthropologists to place a particular finding into the genus Homo is molar size cranial capacity forehead flatness bipedalism
b
According to "Evolution as Fact and Theory", being an evolutionary scientist means you do not believe in a higher power. a. true b. false
b
According to "our babies ourseves" which of the following is not typical of child-rearing practices in the us a. bottle-feeding over breast-feeding b. bed-sharing with child c. longer periods of crying to teach a child self-reliance d. adult supervision of small children
b
According to the lecture, in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific, it must be: a. proven b. testable c. developed in an academic institution such as a university d. at least 50 years old
b
Alfred Russell Wallace is known for: a. proposing explanations for evolution that differed from Darwin's b. hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin c. deriving the basic laws of genetics d. his advocacy of divine creation
b
Anthropologists think that the first hominin capable of speaking in sounds, not signals, was: a. Australopithecines b. Homo erectus c. Archaic homo sapiens d. Modern homo sapiens
b
Becoming human: according to a technique called the "molecular clock" humans and chimpanzees last shared a common ancestor about _____ yrs ago a. 200,000 b. 5 to 7 million c. 22 million d. 65 million
b
Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants a. funding sources for research b. reasons for doing the research c. their location in the field d. the names of all informants
b
Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences. a. True b. False
b
Historical archaeologists only excavate sites where written historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived. a. true b. false
b
If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady" a. contributes to gender equality in the workplace b. marginalizes women's voices in work contexts c. demonstrates that women and men are equal d. builds certainty and trust
b
In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong. a. true b. false
b
It is easy to identify direct causal links between genes and behavior. True False
b
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned a. call sounds b. American Sign Language c. Morse code d. English
b
Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except manual dexterity stereoscopic vision sense of smell larger brain
b
Reading your textbook is an example of: a. Situational Learning b. Symbolic Learning c. Conditioned Learning d. Social Learning
b
The appearance of culture was the event that signaled the arrival of modern humans. True False
b
The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture a. by its individual parts b. through systematic connections of different parts c. through third-party reports d. all of the above
b
The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is: Lyell Linnaeus Lamarck Leakey
b
The taxonomic ordering of Homo erectus has been completely resolved through careful fossil analysis. True False
b
countries find it relativity easy to decide what language its citizens will speak a. true b. false
b
darwins idea about the major processes of evolution is called: a. desecent with modification b. natural selection c. inhertiance of acquried characteristics d. adaptation
b
if you wanted to understand the norms of society, you would most likely focus on a. cermonalized asepcts of a society b. everyday interactions c. symbolic use of the body d. economic exchanges
b
it is easy to identify direct casual links between genes and behavior true false
b
nineteenth-century british anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evoulontiary persepctive was a. emile durklem b. eb tylor c. max welber d. charles darwin
b
non-random mating among the Huttertie sect in Canada is a good ex of how genetic drift works a. tru b. false
b
old world monkeys are exclusively terrestrial dwellers true false
b
primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to a. public b. people or species they stud c. agnency that funds the research d. institution in which they work
b
term hominin refers to humans and great apes true false
b
the art found on the walls at lascaux has been thoroughly deciphered as to its function and meaning true false
b
the taxonomic ordering of homo erectus has been completely resolved through careful fossil analysis
b
"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": What is the name of the British Prime Minister who was fascinated with the stories of Homer? a. WInston Churchill b. Neville Chamberlain c. William Gladstone d. Tony Blair
c
According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis is why bipedalism developed in early hominins is a. allowed them to carry offspring b. allowed them to see predators c. conserved energy d. helped them see potenital mates from long distances
c
All the characteristics listed below are common behavior patterns found in all primates except mother-infant bond affiliation and grooming father-son bond cooperation and conflict
c
In Becoming Human, Zeray Alemseged named the Australopithecus afarensis child he found in Ethiopia Lucy Tourmai Selam Zeray, after himself
c
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called a. rapid appraisal b. development anthropology c. action research d. participant observation
c
The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in a. a random order based on chance b. the order in which each was created by the Gods c. a great chain of being d. order from most to least useful
c
The Origin of the Species was written by: Thomas Malthus Alfred Wallace Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel
c
The comparative method a. studies the evolution of a language b. focuses on one society over a long period of time c. uses data from many different societies d. all of the above
c
The progression of ancestral forms leading to modern-day humans, the earliest being first, is which of the following sequences? a. australoopintecines - homo erectus- homo habilis- homo sapines b. homo erectus -- australopithecines - homo habilis - homo sapaines c. australopithecines - homo habilils - homo erectus - homo spaiens d. austraoptiechines - homo sapiens - homo habilis - homo erectus
c
The study of how people classify things in the world is called a. ethnography b. sociolinguistics c. ethnoscience d. biological determinism
c
Which of the following is NOT a part of a human's taxonomic classification? Primate Mammal Plattyrhine Hominoid
c
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major sub-fields of anthropology? a. Physical/Biological Anthropology b. Linguistics c. Paleontology d. Archaeology
c
Who are the Narcerima? a. A group of Mesoamericans conquered by the Aztecs. b. A previously isolated indigenous group from the Amazon c. Americans d. They are a fictitious group of people made up by Horace Milner to fool gullible people
c
an evolutionary perspective on variations in physcial traits reflects a. genetic changes b. cultural changes c. adaptive changes d. rate of changes
c
dominance hierarchy exists when members of the same group have a. specific individuals who posses greater physcial strength than others b. agreed upon "pecking order" that allows indivduals to mate with others c. ranking relative to others that establishes to resoruces d. relationship with other groups that allows them to establish peaceful realtions
c
for much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology? a.gene decoding b. facial reconginiton methodology c. measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics d. primatological field studies
c
in evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because a. much larger brains b. can learn american sign language c. we can speak using a larynx d. use symbolic communication
c
one of the central ideas of darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that a. all organisms change over time regardless of their evinorment b. organisms changed only as a result of not interacting with their environement c. change in organisms was realted to thier adaptabillity to a particular enviornment d. bibilcal forces were responsbile for the changes we see in organsims
c
social behavior patterns observed in one species that look like behaivior patterns in another, but which do not arise form a shared ancestry are known as a. non-ancestrial b. homologous c. analogus d. inherited behaviors
c
Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called
cognate words
According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow? Long tail Wide Feet Nocturnal Vision Dark fur
d
Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves a. learning the local language b. becoming involved in people's lives c. spending a significant amount of time in the field d. all of the above
d
Among the Bonobo chimpanzees, social conflict is often resolved through sexual activity. This is a form of affiliation dominance behavior modification reconciliation
d
An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize: A. a commitment to doing no harm B. the rejection of clandestine research C. responsibilities toward the host country and the people you are studying D. all of the above
d
Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by a. developing theories to explain human action b. studying a culture's customs c. defending whatever another culture does d. seeing matters from the point of view of another cultur
d
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best described as a. cultural relativism b. ethical responsibility c. natural selection d. ethnocentrism
d
During fieldwork, cultural anthropologists a. learn the local language b. record people's economic transactions c. study how environmental changes affect agriculture d. all of the above
d
Edward Sapir, who had been a student of Franz Boas's, saw himself as both a cultural anthropologist and a professionally trained linguist. He urged cultural anthropologists to pay close attention to language during field research because a. the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built from the language habits of a particular social group b. language is a guide to "social reality" c. we understand the material world through the language we speak d. all of the above
d
Ethnocentrism a. presents a major problem for anthropologists b. means you think your culture is superior to others c. is a common feature of culture d. all of the above
d
Examples of social institutions are a. kinship b. marriage c. subsistence patterns (such as farming) d. all of the above
d
For pastoral groups such as the dinka and neur, the cow acts as which kind of symbol? a. social b. summarizing c. narrative d. elaborating
d
How would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories? a. He studied how humans have no directional evolutionary goal. b. He studied how societies have harnessed more energy for production over time. c. He studied how the human body has changed physically from earlier to later forms, sometimes even changing species. d. He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).
d
Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing a. qualitative data b. historical data c. ethnographic data d. quantitative data
d
The branch of linguistics that attempts to classify and construct a family tree of languages and to reconstruct extinct languages is known as a. structural linguistics b. sociolinguistics c. descriptive linguistics d. historical linguistics
d
The refinement of Darwin's theory has shown that a. evolution is limited in both time and place according to creation theories b. creation science has actually been correct all along c. evolution cannot be measured, even across generations within a population d. evolution can only be measured or seen across generations within a population
d
When cultural anthropologists go into the field a. they go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered b. they often change the focus of their question to fit what they are seeing c. they often go with the flow of everyday life, even if it seems off-topic at the time d. all of the above
d
Who, along with Niles Eldredge, developed the theory of punctuated equilibrium? Duane Gish Mary Leakey Charles Lyell Stephen Jay Gould
d
ability to touch the thumb with the tips of the other fingers on the same hand is called a. dexterity b. prehensility c. grasping d. opposability
d
according to our babies ourselves, the goal of child rearing in any society is to make the child a. happy adult b. wealthy adult c. accomplished adult d. culturally appropriate adult
d
anthropologisst overcome enthnocentrism by a. devloping theroies to explain human action b. studing a culture's customs c. defending whatever another culture does d. seeing matters from the point of veiw of another culture
d
subfield of anthropology that studies the material meains of past cultures is called a. biological anthropology b. linguistic anthrop c. cultural anthro d. archaeology
d
the communication systems of nonhumans specices consist of a finite(limited) number of signals for finite specific meanings, such systems are said to be a. open b. arbitary c. symbolic d. closed
d
What kind of data do anthropologists gather from doing interviews? A. terms for biological species B. details about court cases C. life histories D. opinions on upcoming elections E. all of the above
e
one of the methods that archaeologists can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of a. aertial surveys b. surface surveys c. regional surveys d. gis system e. all the above
e
Which of the following is a contributing factor to the development of creoles, pidgins, and other hybrid forms of language? a. colonialism b. globalization c. commerce d. migration e. all of the above
e.
Anthropologists have always approached a problem by specializing in one of the four subfields.
false
In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.
false
Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture. true false
false
all humans are born with some culture true false
false
Which hominin was the first stone tool maker (according to the lecture)?
homo habilis
The key scenario differs from other kinds of symbols bc it
implies how people should act
Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except
narrative symbols
If you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generations, which theory might best help explain what is going on?
natural selection
law of superposition states that sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the ____ on bottom and ___ on top
oldest , youngest
If you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in
paleoanthropology
Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?
participant observation
The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent
post-structuralism
Discovery of an archaic human in the Denisova cave, which consisted of a finger bone and two teeth, has allowed paleoanthropologists to
reconstruct their genome
Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except
sense of smell
In science, a _______ is a well-supported, well-tested statement about how something works.
theory
The anatomy of Haplorrhines is considerably more varied than that of Strepsirrhines in large part because
they are more diverse in their lifeways
Anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science. true false
true
T or F: The physical characteristics of any organism that can be seen are known as the phenotype.
true
There is no information about gender present in the record of early human art. true false
true